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Purpose – This mixed-method study investigated the ways smartphone apps promote students’ interaction, collaboration and learning performance. Methodology – A total of 160 respondents from a Lithuanian university were identified using convenience sampling. A survey was conducted to explore the frequent activities involving interaction, collaboration and learning performance. Focus group interviews were also conducted to determine the apps used in their interactions. Findings – The quantitative results suggest that the smartphone apps promote students' interaction, collaboration and improved learning performance. Qualitative results indicate three types of apps that are commonly used for interactions by the undergraduates in Lithuania, namely educational, communication and entertainment apps. Significance – The findings suggest that the instructions can play a constructive role in mediating the learners’ interactions on smartphone apps. As such, the study creates space for instructors to further craft pedagogical practices to better account for learners’ access to smartphone apps. It is hoped that this study will provide a path for educational solutions for instructors and practitioners.

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the Indian Innovation System, IPR system and other related activities such as Judicial System, Enforcement System, and Academic Institutions etc. The paper is based on the existing data and relates those data and results to the India’s Intellectual Property Rights System, Innovation, Research and Development. This paper focus on the recent reforms in IPR laws to achieve a legal framework for protecting IPR that is comparable to that of most developed nations. As a part Information Technology, three major IT organizations focus on innovation and research discussed in addition to an overview about major multinational companies’ research initiatives in India.

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the Indian Innovation System, IPR system and other related activities such as Judicial System, Enforcement System, and Academic Institutions etc. The paper is based on the existing data and relates those data and results to the India’s Intellectual Property Rights System, Innovation, Research and Development. This paper focus on the recent reforms in IPR laws to achieve a legal framework for protecting IPR that is comparable to that of most developed nations. As a part Information Technology, three major IT organizations focus on innovation and research discussed in addition to an overview about major multinational companies’ research initiatives in India.