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Discussions in relation to the historical sphere in the North Borneo and Malay domain are still lacking without dealing with the aspect of piracy. In contrast to the piracy in the west, the history of piracy in this region is not only instigated by the economic and political purposes of the rulers, but also overshadowed by the sociocultural influences of the rulers, nobles, and society at that time. The Iranun, Balangingi, Bajau and Dayak Laut tribes have made a name for themselves in the history of piracy in North Borneo and the islands of Southeast Asia when they emerged as sea pirates as well as slave head-hunters who struck terror into the western sailors, traders, and administrators that they are deemed as pirates as well as criminals by the British in Malaya and North Borneo, the Spaniards in the Philippines, and the Dutch in Indonesia. In short, this paper aims to deal with the history of piracy in Tungku, North Borneo, a place that used to be the last base and centre of piracy and slave hunting activities during the Sultanate of Sulu era before it has ceased to operate during the time of the British North Borneo Company ruling North Borneo in their era administration (BNBC). This article is qualitative and historically themed. Materials and research resources were obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia, National Archives of Sabah, Sabah State Public Library and others This article towards the reconstruction of the history of piracy in North Borneo from the domain of Malay history, besides solely looking at the western perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

History records that intermarriage between Datu from the Sulu Island with Idahan women has occurred since the 17th century. The result of intermarriage between the two had given birth to heirs known as Kedatuan-Idahan. This paper discusses the history of Kedatuan and intermarriage in Sabah, which contributed to the strengthening of Islamic identity among the people of the east coast of Sabah. This study involves data collection using qualitative methods based on textual content analysis and in-depth interviews with selected key informants in several villages of the Idahan community in Lahad Datu. The study results show that the intermarriage between a Datu from the Sulu Island and an Idahan woman has produced an heir with a kinship relationship with the Sulu sultanate. This kinship relationship strengthens the dominance of the bird's nest economic activity, which is in high demand from Chinese traders. The findings of the study also show that carrying the title of Datu and Dayang at the base of the heir's name to the Kedatuan further strengthens the Islamic identity among the people of the east coast of Sabah. The study also found that the Kedatuan-Idahan intermarriage impacted the Idahan community's political position in the Darvel Bay area and contributed to the early settlement of the Muslim community on the east coast of Sabah. The role of Kedatuan also explains the importance of their position as Muslim religious leaders in the Lahad Datu district and their involvement in the Cobbold Commission until the formation of Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the existence of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) in Sabah and its achievements in the General Elections (GE) from 1986 to 2018. Thus, the historical research design is used by examining newspapers, election reports and interviews. Respondents chosen for the interview are individuals who have been directly involved in early political movements of PAS to provide a new narrative of Sabah political landscape. The results showed that the existence of PAS in Sabah and its achievements in election results were inconsistent and showed a decrease despite a slight overall national increment during the 2008 and 2013 general elections. During these elections, UMNO (United Malays National Organisation) and PKR (The People's Justice Party) showed vertical increment, whereas PAS has shown horizontal and unchanged election results. The lack of political dynamism and direction as well as poor reconciliation with other dominant political parties at the state or national level were two of major issues surrounding PAS that made it difficult to win the election. It is hoped that this paper will guide political leaders from Malaysian Peninsula who wish to extend their party to Sabah as well as setting the party's direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Sabah, the megalithic heritage-based tourism products are less popular than natural-based tourism products. This paper aims to reveal a prospect of megalithic heritage-based archeotourism products found in Long Pasia. The existence of megalithic sites in Long Pasia is the heritage of the Lundayeh people. Yet the condition of these sites is derelict and requires serious attention from various parties for conservation and preservation purposes. Since 2005, several megalithic sites have been studied and documented by researchers and students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) in collaboration with the National Heritage Department, Kuala Lumpur. The study was based on field survey methods, and site documentation on selected sites. The results of the study found that megalithic sites in Long Pasia have potential for archeotourism purposes. This study is important as a knowledge reference on the existence of megalithic heritage sites in Long Pasia, and a guide for the purpose of developing archeotourism in Long Pasia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discussed the strategies in gathering mangrove molluscs of the prehistoric societies in Sabah by observing the gathering activity of mangrove molluscs among the Bajau people in Tuaran, Sabah. Participant observations and interviews that were conducted with the Bajau fishermen in Kampung Tambalang Laut Laya-Laya revealed that the strategies applied to gather molluscs in mangrove swamps are based on tides. Despite having one main species targeted, which is mud clams (Geloina expansa), other molluscan species coincidentally found are also gathered as supplements. Through comparison with the species of molluscs found in archaeological sites in Sabah, it can be interpreted that the strategies applied by the Bajau people in Tuaran to gather mangrove molluscs were possibly more or less applied by the prehistoric societies in Sabah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sabah 2020 State Legislative Assembly (DUN) General Election (GE) was held following the declaration of the dissolution of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly by the Yang Dipertua Negeri Sabah at the request of the Chief Minister of Sabah, Datuk Seri Shafie Apdal. He acted in this way because of the endless political game in Sabah by the opposition party in the state which managed to gather a number of Sabah state assemblymen with a simple majority to shift support to the former Chief Minister, Tan Sri Datuk Seri Musa Aman to be appointed as the new Chief Minister. Although the former Chief Minister brought the case of the dissolution of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly to court but in the end the GE of Sabah State Legislative Assembly was still held. This Sabah State Legislative Assembly GE is seen as a test to see the influence of WARISAN-PKR and the Perikatan Nasional (PN) in the situation of the Covic-19 epidemic. The purpose of writing this article to analyze the political influence of ethnic parties based on the Sabah 2020 GE. Based on the analysis of Sabah 2020 GE results data and analysis of secondary sources such as journal articles and conference papers, the findings show that voters support political parties in the GE of Sabah State Legislative Assembly is based on sentiment leadership partisan ethnic namely UMNO (BN) and PN (BERSATU) led by Malays support in the majority ethnic Sabah Malays and Brunei Malay by UMNO and BERSATU leadership and Rungus-Kadazan-Dusun-Murut by STAR and PBS Kadazan-Dusun ethnic leadership while WARISANPKR support in the majority ethnic Bajau by WARISAN Bajau leader and Chinese in urban by Chinese ethnic leaders from DAP and PKR allied with WARISAN. The implication from the writing of this article is that ethnic-based party politics continues to gain the trust of voters as voters are more confident and trust their own ethnic leaders to fight for their destiny in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on oil and gas exploration in the South China Sea (SCS) from the period of the British North Borneo Company's (BNBC) administration of North Borneo in 1881 until the introduction of the National Cabotage Policy (Malaysia) on 1st January 1980. The interesting history of Sabah's oil and gas exploration needs to be revisited especially following the establishment of Petroliam Nasional Berhad or Petronas in 1974 which has enabled Sabah to be supplied with oil and gas resources produced from the offshore wells in 1980. This analysis relies heavily on primary sources in the form of official documents, reports and newspapers obtained from the Sabah State Archives (SSA), Malaysia. The study found that, although oil exploration of North Borneo or Sabah was initially carried out by BNBC since 1881, it was only strengthened after the end of the Japanese occupation. This development became more pronounced following the changes in the rule-based international system, notably the introduction of maritime law starting from the 1950s, which provided opportunities to both the British and Sabah governments through various companies, to conduct offshore oil exploration in the SCS. Oil exploration activities in the SCS area have proven to be lucrative, especially in terms of its contribution to the Malaysian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The policy of the Philippines' claim to Sabah is significantly influenced by the development of the Philippines' internal politics and the ideology supported by its presidents. During the regimes of President Macapagal and President Marcos, the Philippines' foreign policy towards Sabah was fundamentally influenced by the irredentism policy in order to claim that region. The claim over Sabah became the Philippines' national agenda that was previously confined to the territorial issue of the Sulu Sultanate. The changes that transpired in the people's struggle, especially since the administrations of Corazon Aquino and Fidel V. Ramos, have brought to life the new idea that true nationalism is based on the "people's interests" as expressed in the People's Power Revolution. Both presidents later changed the Philippines' policy towards Sabah to a dormant claim after all efforts made to drop the claim to Sabah met with failure. Thus, this article aims to assess the continuity and changes of the Philippine claim policy on Sabah and the impact of the idea of nationalism on the formation of the policy since the administration of President Macapagal until that of President Fidel V. Ramos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Makalah ini melihat perkembangan seni moden di Borneo khususnya di Sarawak, Sabah dan Brunei, selepas Perang Dunia Kedua sehingga tahun 1970-an. Ini adalah tempoh di mana pentadbiran British dan sistem Kolonial menentukan bentuk pendidikan dalam wilayah-wilayah di bawah perlindungannya. Perkembangan ini menyemai ideologi pendidikan seni moden melalui subjek seni visual dan kraf, yang diwajibkan ke atas semua sekolah vernakular di Borneo pada masa itu. Pengaruh British dalam sistem pemerintahan, sosial dan pendidikan, yang berlandaskan ideologi Barat, mewujudkan bukan hanya masyarakat yang berfikiran kebaratan, malah pada masa yang sama menghasilkan generasi pelukis dan penggiat seni tempatan yang tampil untuk memulakan gerakan Seni Moden di Borneo. Melalui analisis sejarah, data primer dan sekunder, perkembangan sosioekonomi dan jabatan dan institusi kerajaan kolonial seperti muzium dan kolej perguruan, serta organisasi sosial lain di Borneo pada waktu itu, dengan ketara menyumbang kepada pembangunan seni, di mana perkembangan artistik di rantau ini bergerak selari dan saling berkait antara satu dengan lain. Hasil analisis terhadap karya seni era ini memperlihatkan bahawa pemahaman penggiat seni pada masa itu tentang lukisan moden dan penafsiran budaya, apabila diasingkan daripada seni tradisional, mampu menghasilkan imej visual yang melangkaui etnik dengan penggunaan medium dan alat baru. Pembaharuan dalam kesenian ini divisualisasikan dalam setiap lukisan yang disaji dalam karya era ini dan dilihat sebagai satu peningkatan dalam pemahaman dan penghargaan terhadap perkembangan seni modern di Borneo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is one of the key factors in the formation of a state over a long period of time. Migration control is a prerequisite to ensuring the existence of a country on its own identity. For Malaya, British was responsible for establishing the Immigration Department and gradually introducing immigration control at border checkpoints in legal aspect and procedures in order to control the entry of migrants and to assist economic development. Although the establishment of organized immigration control can be traced back to the era of British government, the fact is that its concept and practice generally existed as early as the Malacca Malay sultanate, which regulated a vast foreign trade activities and collected tax through the port. The development of immigration control after independence until today focused more on coordination of policies and legislation as well as modernization of the system and technology within the Immigration Department of Malaysia as the agency that enforces control of foreigners' entry at the border checkpoints. This article collects information and data from feedbacks gathered from senior officials in the Immigration Department of Malaysia as well as literatures in the history, legal and social sciences. The main focus of this article is the changes in the border checkpoint control system in Malaya due to the process of state formation which includes the colonization, economic, security, migration, legislation and consolidation of the Malayan territories, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak which eventually formed Malaysia. All of these factors gradually formed a system of immigration control from one simple process during Malacca era to a complete and advance process with legislations and the role of specific agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed to study the stratigraphy in southwest Sabah. The study area consists of Temburong Formation, Crocker Formation, Meligan Formation and Liang Formation. Through the study, the Temburong Formation was found to be underlying the Crocker Formation in terms of stratigraphic sequence position which has been considered otherwise. This means that the position of stratigraphic sequence of Temburong Formation which was previously considered to be above the Crocker Formation is now being interpreted below the Crocker Formation. Facies analysis, facies association studies, cross-sectional studies, litostratigraphic studies, and correlation of litostratigraphic units in the study area helped to interpret the stratigraphy and update the position of stratigraphy for the Paleogene sequences. The Temburong Formation and Crocker Formation are both dated as Upper Eocene to Lower Miocene while the Meligan Formation is Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene and Liang Formation is Pliocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]