146 results on '"PHILOSOPHERS"'
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2. ARVY DO ŠLIOGERIO NIHILISTINĖ KULTŪROS SAMPRATA.
- Author
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VAREIKIS, ŽILVINAS
- Subjects
VIRTUAL reality ,HUMAN beings in art ,HUMAN behavior ,DIARY (Literary form) ,PHILOSOPHERS ,LUST ,HOSTILITY - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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3. PIRMIEJI JUOZAPO GOLUCHOVSKIO TRAKTATAI VAKARŲ FILOSOFIJOS KONTEKSTE.
- Author
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VABALAITĖ, RŪTA MARIJA
- Subjects
UTOPIAS ,POLITICAL philosophy ,PHILOSOPHERS ,INDIVIDUALITY ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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4. JONO SOLSBERIEČIO POLIKRATIKAS, ARBA APIE DVAR IŠKIŲ PRA MOGAS IR FILO SOFŲ PĖDSAKUS. ANTROJI KNYGA, 1-4 SKYRIAI.
- Author
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SOLSBERIETIS, JONAS
- Subjects
PHILOSOPHERS ,GOD - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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5. TEURGIJOS NOETINĖ S PRIELAIDOS NEOPLATONIZMO FILOSOFIJOJE.
- Author
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MAKSELIS, RASIUS
- Subjects
REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,PHILOSOPHERS ,SOUL ,NEOPLATONISM ,THEOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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6. Trys meno kūrinio tiesos interpretacijos – Gadameris, Heideggeris, Šliogeris.
- Author
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Daknys, Mantas
- Subjects
ART theory ,WORK experience (Employment) ,PHILOSOPHERS ,ONTOLOGY ,POSSIBILITY - Abstract
Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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7. Mirties varos teorija kaip spekuliatyviosios filosofijos modelis: Landas, Brassieras, Negarestani ir Bataille’us.
- Author
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Tuomas, Linartas
- Subjects
PSYCHOANALYTIC theory ,PERSPECTIVE (Philosophy) ,PHILOSOPHERS ,DISASTERS ,HYPOTHESIS ,TRANSCENDENTALISM (Philosophy) - Abstract
Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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8. AR ALGIS MICKŪNAS - LAIMINGIAUSIAS FILOSOFAS?
- Author
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KAČERAUSKAS, TOMAS
- Subjects
CROSS-cultural studies ,ZEN Buddhism ,PHILOSOPHERS ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,PARTICIPATION ,HAPPINESS ,SHARING - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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9. THOMO KASULIO CIVILIZACINIO MĄSTYMO BRUOŽAI.
- Author
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VAREIKIS, ŽILVINAS
- Subjects
ZEN Buddhism ,BUDDHISM ,SPIRITUALITY ,ESSENTIALISM (Philosophy) ,PHILOSOPHERS ,COMPARATIVE philosophy - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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10. BIOFILOSOFIJA: GYVYBĖS „SACRUM" IR „PROFANUM".
- Author
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STANČIENĖ, DALIA MARIJA
- Subjects
INDIVIDUATION (Philosophy) ,PHILOSOPHERS ,THEOLOGY ,ATTENTION ,DISCOURSE - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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11. Kas yra politika?
- Author
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Jokubaitis, Alvydas
- Subjects
POLITICAL scientists ,JUDGMENT (Psychology) ,POLITICAL philosophy ,AESTHETIC judgment ,PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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12. Dievo (ne)buvimo reikšmė žmogaus egzistencijai W. L. Craigo požiūriu.
- Author
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JACEVIČIUS, Laurynas
- Subjects
CHRISTIAN attitudes ,PROOF of God ,PHILOSOPHERS ,THEOLOGIANS ,HUMAN beings ,WORLDVIEW - Abstract
Copyright of Soter: Journal of Religious Science / Religijos Mokslo Žurnalas is the property of Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Theology-Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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13. PAULIO FEYERABENDO SOCIALINĖS MINTIES KRITINĖ APŽVALGA.
- Author
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PUČILIAUSKAITĖ, SAULENĖ
- Subjects
SOCIAL theory ,PHILOSOPHERS ,RATIONALISM ,RELATIVITY ,SLOGANS ,PARADOX ,ANARCHISM - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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14. MĄSTYMAS IR KALBA DONALDO DAVIDSONO IR WILFRIDO SELLARSO FILOSOFIJOSE: APIE DVIEJŲ PASAULIO VAIZDINIŲ GALIMYBĘ IR PRAGMATIKĄ.
- Author
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JUNELIS, DOMAS
- Subjects
PHILOSOPHY of mind ,TRANSCENDENTALISM (Philosophy) ,PERSPECTIVE (Philosophy) ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,PHILOSOPHY of language ,PHILOSOPHERS ,GESTURE - Abstract
Copyright of Darbai ir Dienos is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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15. TARPKULTŪRINIO DISKURSO ATSPINDŽIAI MICKŪNO FENOMENOLOGIJOJE.
- Author
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VAREIKIS, ŽILVINAS
- Subjects
ACADEMIC discourse ,CROSS-cultural communication ,CROSS-cultural studies ,PHILOSOPHERS ,BIOGRAPHY (Literary form) - Abstract
Copyright of Darbai ir Dienos is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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16. Užmirštieji Lietuvos romantizmo teoretikai: kun. Ignotas Dembinskis.
- Author
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Viliūnas, Dalius
- Subjects
PHILOSOPHY of science ,PATRIOTISM ,PHILOSOPHERS ,RATIONALISM ,ROMANTICISM ,SCIENTISM - Abstract
Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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17. Garbės sąvoka šiandieninėje politinėje filosofijoje: kritinis ir adaptacinis argumentai.
- Author
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Karalius, Gintas
- Subjects
POLITICAL philosophy ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,PHILOSOPHERS ,ARGUMENT ,CONCRETE - Abstract
Copyright of Politologija is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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18. HANSO JONASO ATSAKINGOS POLITIKOS VIZIJA TECHNOLOGINĖJE CIVILIZACIJOJE.
- Author
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Jokubaitis, Linas
- Subjects
POLITICAL ethics ,HUMANITY ,PHILOSOPHERS ,DEHUMANIZATION ,APOLOGETICS ,AFFIRMATIONS (Self-help) ,ETHICS - Abstract
Copyright of Athena: Filosofijos studijos is the property of Lithuanian Culture Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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19. ATSAKOMYBĖS SUBJEKTO STEIGTIS TECHNIKOS AMŽIUJE: HANSAS JONAS IR BRUNO LATOURAS.
- Author
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Bacevičiūtė, Danutė
- Subjects
VENDING machines ,ASCETICISM ,PHILOSOPHERS ,HEURISTIC ,POSSIBILITY - Abstract
Copyright of Athena: Filosofijos studijos is the property of Lithuanian Culture Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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20. TECHNIKOS AUTONOMIJOS PROBLEMA GILBERT'O SIMONDONO FILOSOFIJOJE.
- Author
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Mickevičius, Tomas Nemunas
- Subjects
MODERN society ,FATE & fatalism ,RECONCILIATION ,PHILOSOPHERS ,CULTURE ,HYPOTHESIS - Abstract
Copyright of Athena: Filosofijos studijos is the property of Lithuanian Culture Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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21. MOBILUSIS TELEFONAS, RAŠTAS IR ATMINTIS.
- Author
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Jonkus, Dalius
- Subjects
COLLECTIVE memory ,CELL phones ,RECOLLECTION (Psychology) ,PHILOSOPHERS ,MEMORY ,SEDIMENTATION & deposition - Abstract
Copyright of Athena: Filosofijos studijos is the property of Lithuanian Culture Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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22. Maxo van Maneno praktikos fenomenologijos santykis su edukologija ir filosofija.
- Author
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Kairė, Sandra
- Subjects
PHENOMENOLOGY ,EDUCATIONAL relevance ,SCIENCE education ,PHILOSOPHERS ,SCHOLARS - Abstract
Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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23. Jūros vaizdinys Mikalojaus Konstantino Čiurlionio ir Vydūno pasaulio sutvėrimo meninėje programoje.
- Author
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MARTIŠIŪTĖ - LINARTIENĖ, AUŠRA
- Subjects
LOVE of God ,PUNISHMENT ,PHILOSOPHERS ,WORLDVIEW ,GODDESSES ,HUMILITY - Abstract
Copyright of Colloquia is the property of Institute of Lithuanian Literature & Folklore and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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24. INOVATYVIEJI FRANÇOIS JULLIENO PSICHOANALIZĖS KONCEPTAI KINIŠKOSIOS MINTIES REFLEKSIJOS ŠVIESOJE.
- Author
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GOTAUTĖ, LINA
- Subjects
DESCRIPTION logics ,PSYCHOANALYSIS ,COMPARATIVE philosophy ,PHILOSOPHERS ,WORLDVIEW ,RELATIVITY - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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25. LIN YUTANGO ESTETIKA IR GYVENIMO FILOSOFIJA: TARP TRADICINĖS KINIJOS IR MODERNIOS VAKARŲ KULTŪROS.
- Author
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POŠKAITĖ, LORETA
- Subjects
MODERN philosophy ,PHILOSOPHERS ,AESTHETICS ,TRANSLITERATION ,PLEASURE ,HEDONISM ,AESTHETIC experience ,HAPPINESS - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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26. NIETZSCHE ’S IDĖJŲ ATGARSIAI IŠEIVIJOS DVASININKŲ FILOSOFIJOJE.
- Author
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VABALAITĖ, RŪTA MARIJA
- Subjects
CHRISTIAN philosophy ,PRIESTS ,PHILOSOPHERS ,PHILOSOPHY ,EXILES - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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27. KAM NO FILOZOFIEM BAIL?
- Author
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Felcis, Ainars
- Subjects
ANCIENT philosophers ,PHILOSOPHERS ,CHURCH schools ,FAITH ,PHILOSOPHY - Abstract
The article is based on a reflection on the possible strengths and fears of philosophizing. Namely, fears that could be caused by a fascination with thinking. Who fears? Why are they afraid? And are they really afraid? If there had been a dominance of Socratic tradition in Western thinking and if the whole history of philosophy had sequenced from Socrates, we would find no answer to our question, but at least we would find countless variations of the question. The impact of thinking on any established customs, rules of action and behaviour, laws and morals we face in life and sociality is inevitably destructive. All kind and rank power holders are being afraid, believing that control is a guarantee of order (peace, harmony, etc.). Thinking means that whenever there is a problem in life, something has always to be decided differently. To think is the same as being completely alive and implies that thinking should always be started again. There is continuing suspicion of the usefulness of philosophy nowadays as well as reproof regarding its marginalism and timelessness relatively to ìpractical realityî. At the same time, however, philosophy continues to be regarded as a dangerous, threatening force, because it recalls that nothing should be accepted without proper criticism, by default or under the influence of authority, whatever authority it can be ñ a state, a president, a church or a school. Philosophy recalls that freedom, justice, human rights and the like are not empty sounds. We continue to ask what can serve as a basis for cognitions or ethical, political, or religious beliefs. Everything was simple in the Ancient philosophy: the philosopher lives as a philosopher. What is the proof of his ontology? Existence of him. Philosopher was called a man who could practice what he theorizes. Philosophy practitioners have always been employed by ìCartesian uneaseî. The search continues, because we need to understand that ìCartesian uneaseî applies not only to philosophy. It describes the entire fragmented world nowadays. The danger of our days is that perhaps we are losing the desire of asking, because there is enough in our lives to dull our thoughts, that cultivates stereotypes and banality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
28. KOKS FILOSOFAS BUVO LEONIDAS DONSKIS?
- Author
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DRUNGA, MYKOLAS
- Subjects
WESTERN civilization ,PHILOSOPHERS ,TRUTH ,PHILOSOPHY of history ,APHORISMS & apothegms - Abstract
Copyright of Darbai ir Dienos is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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29. Apie pasirinkimą, sukuriantį modernųjį „aš“ sakytiniuose gyvenimo pasakojimuose.
- Author
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JONUTYTĖ, JURGA
- Subjects
AUTOBIOGRAPHY ,PHILOSOPHERS ,SELF ,MODERNITY ,JUDGMENT (Psychology) ,LITERARY theory ,SELF (Philosophy) ,REASONING - Abstract
Copyright of Folklore Studies / Tautosakos Darbai is the property of Institute of Lithuanian Literature & Folklore and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
30. MENINIŲ PRAKTIKŲ AUTONOMIJA ANTROPOCENE: POLITINĖS IR EKOLOGINĖS PERSPEKTYVOS.
- Author
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Rybačiauskaitė, Karolina
- Subjects
PHILOSOPHERS ,REFLEXIVITY ,ECOLOGY ,PHILOSOPHY ,AESTHETICS ,PRINCIPLE (Philosophy) - Abstract
Copyright of Athena: Filosofijos studijos is the property of Lithuanian Culture Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
31. Integral democracy and twentieth-century political thought
- Author
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Peluritis, Laurynas
- Subjects
Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Antanas Maceina ,Philosophers ,Juozas Girnius ,Emigrantai. Išeivija. Egzodas / Emigrants. Diaspora ,Political thougth ,Democracy - Abstract
Pokariu lietuvių katalikų išeivių kurta pilnutinės demokratijos koncepcija yra jau nemažai nagrinėta šiuolaikiniuose Lietuvos politinės minties tyrimuose. Aptartos šios koncepcijos ištakos Katalikų Bažnyčios socialiniame mokyme ir popiežių enciklikose, personalistinėje filosofijoje ir XX a. pirmos pusės ideologinėse srovėse, pakankamai plačiai nagrinėtas jos atsiradimas ir lietuviškasis politinis kontekstas. Vis dėlto dažniausiai į šią koncepciją žiūrima grynai kaip į lituanistinį tyrimų objektą ir tik retai punktyriškai nubrėžiama, kaip ši politinės minties koncepcija atrodo kitų XX a. vidurio ir antros pusės politinės filosofijos idėjų fone. Todėl šiame straipsnyje tiriamos bendriausios pilnutinės demokratijos, organiškos valstybės ir nepasaulėžiūrinės politikos koncepcijų sąsajos su personalistine filosofija ir kita XX a. Vakarų politine mintimi. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami tiesioginiai ir genetiniai ryšiai su (daugiausia krikščioniška) personalistine filosofija ir Katalikų Bažnyčios socialiniu mokymu. Kartu mėginama pažvelgti, kaip šią koncepciją galima lokalizuoti vieno iš svarbiausių XX a. antros pusės liberalizmo projektų – Johno Rawlso politinio liberalizmo – ir jo kritikos iš vadinamųjų komunitarų pusės kontekste. Straipsnyje laikomasi pozicijos, kad pilnutinės demokratijos idėjas reikia matyti ne tik lituanistiniame, bet ir tarptautiniame politinės minties kontekste. Kartu teigiama, kad pilnutinės demokratijos projekto negalima įvardyti griežtąja prasme kaip politinės filosofijos kūrinio, kadangi jo autoriai savo svarstymų prielaidas apibūdino tik bendriausiais bruožais, todėl jas interpretatoriams tenka rekonstruoti iš kitų prieinamų šaltinių. Straipsnis struktūruojamas pagal svarbiausių pilnutinės demokratijos principų aptarimą, ieškant gijų su artima politine mintimi ir filosofija. Istoriniai pilnutinės demokratijos kontekstai šiame straipsnyje nebus nagrinėjami (jie pakankamai nagrinėti egzistuojančioje istoriografijoje ir komentaruose), verčiau susitelkiama į lyginamąją analizę su kitų autorių idėjomis ir motyvais. Kaip pagrindiniai šaltiniai naudojami išeivijos filosofų Antano Maceinos ir Juozo Girniaus tekstai. Maceinai bus skiriamas itin didelis dėmesys, kadangi jis buvo pagrindinis "Į pilnutinę demokratiją" teksto autorius. [...] Has Lithuanian political thought produced anything noteworthy in the twentieth century? One such possible option is the project of integral democracy. This article examines the core principles of the concept of integral democracy developed by the Catholic philosophers and intellectuals of the Lithuanian exodus after World War II and tries to put it into a broader political context. The paper ties their ideas on the inherent value of the human person and community with those of the social teachings of the Catholic Church and Christian personalist philosophers. An important part of the integral democracy project is also the idea of non-world view politics developed by Antanas Maceina and Juozas Girnius and aiming to find a neutral and rational common ground for political consensus among radically different ideological groups and individuals. The article explores the similarities of non-world view politics to the concept of political liberalism created by John Rawls. However, the importance of community, culture, language, history, and a certain understanding of the social structure brings the ideas of integral democracy closer to the avid critics of Rawls and liberalism, the communitarian movement in political philosophy.
- Published
- 2022
32. Ankstyvoji fenomenologinė bei neokantinė prieiga
- Author
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Nerijus Stasiulis
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Emilis Laskas (Emil Lask) ,Formalization ,Martinas Heideggeris (Martin Heidegger) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Transcendentalijos ,General Arts and Humanities ,Fenomenologija ,Neo-Kantianism ,Filosofija / Philosophy ,Transcendentals ,Formalizacija ,Categories ,Neokantizmas ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Philosophers ,Kategorijos ,Phenomenology - Abstract
Tai pirmoji dalis teksto, kuriame apžvelgiama, kaip Heideggeris ankstyvesniuoju savo mąstymo periodu (t. y. maždaug iki Būties ir laiko) formulavo prieigą prie teorijos ikisąvokinės ištakos bei kaip tai įgalino prieiti prie graikiškosios – ir kartu visos vakarietiškosios – filosofijos (teorijos) ištakos bei permąstymo. Šioje teksto dalyje nurodoma, kokią reikšmę šiam judesiui turėjo huserliškoji formalizacijos samprata, neokantizmo, tiksliau, neokantininko Lasko skirtis tarp konstitutyviosios ir refleksyviosios kategorijos ir sykiu viduramžių mintyje svarbių transcendentalijų unum, verum, bonum. Antroje teksto dalyje bus parodoma, kaip šiuo būdu suformuluota prieiga yra ir prieiga prie Aristotelio filosofijos pamatinės struktūros, jos „ikisąvokinės ištakos“, ir leidžia joje surasti bei ją analizuojant eksplikuoti būties ir laiko skirtumo bei kartu būties ir laiko neatsiejamumo struktūrą. This is the first part of a text that looks at how Heidegger, in the earlier period of his thought (i.e. roughly prior to Being and Time), formulated an access to the pre-conceptual origin of theory, and how this enabled an access to the Greek – and by extension, the whole of Western – philosophy and a rethinking of the origin of philosophy (theory). This part of the text points out the significance for this movement of the Husserlian notion of formalisation, of neo-Kantianism, and, more precisely, of the neo-Kantian Lask’s distinction between the constitutive and the reflexive categories, and of the transcendentals of the medieval thought, unum, verum, bonum. The second part of the text shows how the access formulated in this way is also an access to the fundamental structure of Aristotle’s philosophy, its „pre-conceptual origin“, and allows us to find in it, and in its analysis to explicate, the structure of the distinction between and, at the same time, of the indissolubility of existence and time.
- Published
- 2022
33. Meno: virtue as οὐσία and εἶδος
- Author
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Jankauskas, Skirmantas
- Subjects
Teisingumo ,Dorybė ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Philosophers ,being ,justice ,virtue ,οὐσία ,property ,Justice ,Property ,Being ,Virtue ,Nuosavybė / Ownership ,Egzistencializmas / Existentialism ,Platonas (Plato) - Abstract
Straipsnyje interpretuojama Menono pirmoji dalis (70a – 79e), kurioje Platonas gvildena dorybės pažinimo problemą. Teisybės steigiama parmenidiškoji būtis tampa orientyru aptariant dorybės būtiškąjį bei pažintinį profilį. Polemika su sofistais verčia Platoną apmąstyti filosofavimo subjektą bei įsisąmoninti, kad šis yra egzistenciškai įsišaknijęs ontologizuotai traktuojamoje kalboje. Čia Platonas suranda οὐσία sąvoką, kuri jam tampa dorybės pažintiniu provaizdžiu. Mat οὐσία kaip nuo-savybė numano daikto ar dalyko savybę, kurios reikšmę lemia ne jusliškai konstatuojamos daikto savybės, o jos poliškasis reikšmingumas, kuris yra santykiškai pastovus ir pamatuotas teisingumu. Daikto ir nuosavybės reikšmių išsiskyrimas tame pačiame objekte perša mintį, kad dorybė kaip žmogaus nuo-savybė, t. y. οὐσία, negali būti pažinta jusliškumą hipertrofuojančiame kasdieniame mąstyme, bet turėtų būti alternatyviame mąstymo klode, tad ir numanyti alternatyvų pažinimo būdą. Todėl galima spėti, kad Platono aptiktas οὐσία sąvokos dvilypumas inspiravo jam tiek mintį apie autonomišką idėjų pasaulį, tiek mintį apie specifinę prieigą prie jo, t. y. anamnezės teoriją. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: būtis, teisingumas, dorybė, οὐσία, nuosavybė. The article is an interpretation of the first part of the Meno (70a-79e), in which Plato deals with the problem of knowledge of virtue. Parmenides’ being, constituted by Justice, becomes a reference point for reflecting on the ontological and cognitive profile of virtue. The polemic with the sophists forces Plato to reflect on the subject of philosophizing and to realize that it is existentially rooted in the ontologised language. Here Plato finds the concept of οὐσία, which becomes for him the cognitive prototype of virtue. For οὐσία as a possession presupposes the property of a thing whose meaning is determined not by the sensually ascertainable properties of a thing, but by its social significance, which is relatively constant and correlated with justice. The distinction between the meanings of a thing and of its possession in the same object conveys the idea that virtue as a human possession, i.e., οὐσία, cannot be known in everyday thinking that hypertrophies the senses, but should be present in an alternative layer of thinking, and thus imply an alternative mode of knowledge. It can therefore be surmised that Plato’s discovery of the duality of the concept of οὐσία inspired in him both the idea of an autonomous world of ideas and the idea of a specific way of accessing it, i.e. the theory of anamnesis. Keywords: being, justice, virtue, οὐσία, property.
- Published
- 2022
34. Meaning of ideas in the tractates of Józef Gołuchowski
- Author
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Rūta Marija Vabalaitė
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Terms ,Idea ,Imanuelis Kantas (Immanuel Kant) ,General Arts and Humanities ,Philosophers ,Juozapas Goluchovskis (Józef Gołuchowski) ,Frydrichas Vilhelmas Jozefas fon Šelingas (Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling) ,Platonas (Plato) ,Politinė ideologija / Political ideology - Abstract
Straipsnyje tęsiame Juozapo Goluchovskio traktatų „Filosofijos reikšmė ištisų tautų ir atskirų individų gyvenime“ ir to, kuris buvo pateiktas 1821 m. Vilniaus universiteto paskelbtam konkursui filosofijos profesoriaus etatui užimti, analizę. Nagrinėjame jo idėjų kaip amžinojo tikrovės prado sampratą bei netarpiškos šio prado įžvalgos galimybės interpretaciją. Konkursiniame traktate „idėjos“ terminas vartojamas kantiškąja prasme, vėliau jis įgyja šelingiškų bruožų. Vis dėlto Schellingo ir Goluchovskio idėjų reikšmės teisingai valstybei sampratos skiriasi. Atkreipiame dėmesį į traktato apie filosofijos reikšmę tropų panašumus į vartotus Platono "Valstybėje" ir teigiame, kad Goluchovskio „idėjos“ termino vartojimas gali būti suprantamas kaip noras sugrąžinti platoniškąją jo prasmę. Raktažodžiai: Schellingas, Platonas, Immanuelis Kantas, valstybė, intelektualinė įžvalga. The article is a continuation of the analysis of Józef Gołuchowski’s tractates “On the role of the Philosophy in the life of entire nations and individual persons” and that one which was submitted in 1821 to contest the seat of professor of philosophy at Vilnius University. We look into his concept of the ideas as an eternal foundation of reality and his interpretation of its immediate insight. The term of “idea” has a Kantian meaning in the Contest Tractate and then the meaning acquires Schellingian features. Nevertheless, there are differences of Schellingian and Gołuchowski’s concepts of the significance of ideas for the just state. We point to the similarities of tropes in the Tractate on the role of the philosophy to ones used in Plato’s “Republic” and argue that Gołuchowski’s usage of the term of “idea” might be comprehended as his intention to return to its Platonic meaning. Key words: Schelling, Plato, Immanuel Kant, state, intellectual intuition.
- Published
- 2022
35. Meno: anamnesis as (re)cognition
- Author
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Skirmantas Jankauskas
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Dorybė ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,General Arts and Humanities ,Soul ,Immortality ,Nemirtingumas ,Siela ,Anamnesis ,Anamnezė ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Philosophers ,Analogies ,Virtue ,Analogijos ,Platonas (Plato) - Abstract
Straipsnyje interpretuojama Menono antroji dalis (80a–86c), kurioje Platonas pirmą kartą pateikia anamnezės sampratą. Šia pažinimo teorija Platonas mėgina pagrįsti dorybės kaip esantybės (οὐσία) pažinimo galimybę. Kadangi dorybė apskritai yra būties rakursu hipotetiškai prognozuojama esybė, tai jos pažinimas numano papildomą jos identifikavimo problemą. Tokios esybės pažinimo būdas turėtų funkcionuoti kaip atpažinimas, t. y. jau numanyti tam tikrą žinojimą apie tokią esybę. Tokį būdą Platonas įžvelgia antikinėje geometrijoje, kurioje naudojamasi neva jusliškai pažįstamais brėžiniais, tačiau išvados daromos apie jusliškumo anapusybėje tvyrančias esybes. Anamnezės galimybė Menone pagrindžiama įrodant Pitagoro teoremą beraščiam jaunam vergui. Kadangi dialoge anamnezės samprata nedetalizuojama, tai išvados apie jos bei geometrinio samprotavimo būdo vaidmenį Platono filosofijoje daromos, pasižvalgant į kitus Platono dialogus. Daroma išvada, kad Menone ir Faidone Platonas neformuluoja anamnezės kaip pažinimo būdo, bet eksploatuoja ją kaip argumentą, kuriuo siekiama pagrįsti sielos nemirtingumą, t. y. demarkuoti filosofavimo subjektą. Kur kas svarbesnis vaidmuo platoniškajame filosofavime tenka geometriniam samprotavimo būdui, kurį Platonas universalizuoja bei ontologizuoja. Straipsnyje parodoma, kad šis samprotavimo būdas kartu su loginio ryšio tarp vaizduotės ir mąstymo prielaida lemia Platono ontognoseologinę koncepciją iliustruojančios padalintos linijos analogijos struktūrą. Raktažodžiai: dorybė, esantybė, anamnezė, sielos nemirtingumas, padalintos linijos analogija. The paper interprets the second part of the Menon (80a-86c), where Plato introduces the concept of anamnesis for the first time in his dialogues. With this theory of knowledge Plato attempts to justify the possibility of knowing virtue as beingness (οὐσία). Since virtue in general is an entity hypothetically predicted from the standpoint of being, its cognition implies the additional problem of its identification. Therefore, the way of knowing such an entity should function as an identification, i.e. already presuppose a certain knowledge of such an entity. Plato finds such a way in ancient geometry, which uses supposedly sensually familiar drawings, and draws conclusions about entities that exist beyond of the sensible. The possibility of anamnesis is grounded in Menon by proving the Pythagorean theorem to an illiterate young slave. Since the concept of anamnesis is not elaborated in the dialogue, conclusions about the role of anamnesis and the role of the geometrical mode of reasoning in Plato’s philosophy are drawn from other dialogues of Plato. It is concluded that in Meno and Phaedo Plato does not formulate anamnesis as a way of knowing, he exploits it as an argument to justify the immortality of the soul, i.e. to demarcate the subject of philosophising. The geometrical mode of reasoning, which Plato universalises and ontologises, plays a much more important role in Platonic philosophising. The paper shows that this mode of reasoning, together with the assumption of a logical connection between imagination and thought, determines the structure of the analogy of the divided line that illustrates Plato’s ontognoseological conception. Key words: virtue, beingness, anamnesis, immortality of the soul, the divided line analogy.
- Published
- 2022
36. Hartmannas ir Sezemanas. Husserlio fenomenologijos kritika ir intuicijos problema.
- Author
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Jonkus, Dalius
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,INTUITION ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,PHILOSOPHERS ,NATURAL history - Abstract
Copyright of Religion & Culture / Religija ir Kultura is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Dvasinio kino konceptas Gilles'io Deleuze'o filosofijoje.
- Author
-
Baranova, Jūratė
- Subjects
VISUAL fields ,RELIGIOUS art ,VALUES education ,MOTION picture industry ,PHILOSOPHERS ,CINEMATOGRAPHY ,SPIRITUAL exercises - Abstract
Copyright of Religion & Culture / Religija ir Kultura is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Immanuel Kant's challenge to political science
- Author
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Jokubaitis, Alvydas and Jokubaitis, Linas
- Subjects
Filosofai / Philosophers ,Politics ,Moralė ,Praktinis protas ,Filosofija / Philosophy ,Nesuderinamumas ,Morality ,Incommensurability ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Kant ,political science ,politics ,morality ,practical reason ,Philosophers ,Immanuelis Kantas (Immanuel Kant) ,Practical reason ,Political science - Abstract
Straipsnio tikslas – įrodyti Kanto filosofijos nesuderinamumą su empiriniu politikos mokslu. Šio mokslo nebuvimas Kanto grynojo proto struktūroje yra ne istorinių aplinkybių nulemtas atsitiktinumas, o svarbus jo pažiūrų elementas. Dėl moralės dominavimo praktinio proto koncepcijoje empiriniam politikos mokslui neatsirado vietos. Pirma, gamtos mokslo principų taikymas politikai reikštų neleistiną jos demoralizaciją. Antra, empirinis politikos mokslas iškreiptų politikos supratimą. Trečia, atskirta nuo moralės politika prarastų ontologiją. Ketvirta, faktus pažinti siekiantis empirinis politikos mokslas nesupranta idėjų vaidmens, t. y. neskiria empirinių ir konceptualių veiksnių. Penkta, šis mokslas asmenį paverčia padariniu. Šešta, nuo dorovės atskirtas politikos mokslas iškreipia praktinio proto supratimą. The aim of the paper is to prove the incompatibility of Kantian philosophy with empirical political science. The nonexistence of such a science in Kant’s structure of reason is not a coincidence that was determined by historical contingencies, it is a necessary position of his teaching. The domination of morality in Kant’s conception of practical reason does not leave any room for empirical science of politics. Firstly, introduction of methods borrowed from the natural sciences would lead to the demoralization of politics. Secondly, empirical science of politics deforms our understanding of politics. Thirdly, when politics is divorced from morality it loses its ontological foundation. Empirical science of politics that only attempts to investigate facts is incapable of understanding the role of ideas and for this reason does not distinguish between empirical and conceptual factors. Such a science does not recognize the human person as a free subject of morality and sees him as a consequence of external factors. Finally, political science that is divorced from morals deforms understanding of practical reason.
- Published
- 2021
39. Civilisational and thinking traditions reflections of East–West in Antanas Andrijauskas comparative studies
- Author
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Vareikis, Žilvinas
- Subjects
Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Arvydas Šliogeris ,Kultūrologija ,Mąstymas ,Philosophers ,Antanas Andrijauskas ,Filosofija / Philosophy ,Menotyra ,Komparatyvistika - Abstract
Straipsnyje Lietuvos humanistikos idėjų kontekste analizuojamos vieno iš iškiliausių šiuolaikinių lietuvių mąstytojų, Antano Andrijausko, pagrindiniai komparatyvistinei problematikai skirti veikalai. Tekste ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas jo koncepcijos ištakoms, mąstytoją formavusioms intelektualinėms ir sociokultūrinėms įtakoms, filosofinėms srovėms, studijų metais išryškėjusiems prioritetams, pagrindiniams tyrinėjimo laukams, mokytojams, idėjoms, asmeninėms patirtims. Remdamasis šaltinių analize autorius parodo, kad šio lietuvių mąstytojo veikaluose gvildenami aktualūs idėjų istorijos, komparatyvistinės filosofijos, civilizacinės komparatyvistikos, orientalistikos, meno filosofijos, estetikos klausimai tiesiogiai kyla iš mokslinių interesų, aktualijų ir tyrinėjamų sričių idėjinio sąryšio. Pasitelkiant etapinius A. Andrijausko veikalus, detaliai analizuojami pagrindinėse jo komparatyvistinėse studijose išryškėję tyrinėjimo laukų ir idėjų pokyčiai, kurie siejami su kitų lietuvių ir užsienio mokslininkų požiūriais siekiant išgryninti jo teorinių ir metodologinių ieškojimų bei atradimų savitumą. Esminiai žodžiai: Antanas Andrijauskas, Lietuvos filosofija, komparatyvistinė kultūrologija, komparatyvistinė filosofija, Rytai–Vakarai, civilizacinė komparatyvistika, idėjų istorija, estetika, meno filosofija, menotyra, neklasikinis mąstymas, Arvydas Šliogeris. There is analysed Antanas Andrijauskas, one of the most prominent Lithuanian thinkers, the main studies on comparative topic in the context of modern Lithuanian humanity. The author of the text special attention pays to the sources of philosopher‘ s conceptions, to his intellectual and sociocultural influences, to his studies priorities, researches in respect of various philosophical mouvements which have made influenced him, to his teachers, ideas and to his personal experience. Basing on the analysis of scientific material history of ideas, comparative philosophy, civilisational comparativism, orientalism, philosophy of art, aesthetics the author of the text shows connections between scientist‘s interests, ideological topicalities and between his investigated scientific fields. Invoking on Andrijauskas fundamental treatises there are examined minutely ideological and studies transformations which are connected with the other Lithuanian and foreign scientists attitudes by trying purify the particularity of his theoretical discoveries and methodological pursuances. Keywords: Antanas Andrijauskas, Lithuanian philosophy, comparative culturology, comparative philosophy, East–West civilisational comparativism, history of ideas, aesthetics, the philosophy of art, art criticism, nonclassical thinking, Arvydas Šliogeris.
- Published
- 2021
40. Body in M. Heidegger's thought
- Author
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Nerijus Stasiulis
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Erdvė ,Kūnas ,Martinas Heideggeris (Martin Heidegger) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,General Arts and Humanities ,Politics ,Space ,Organizmas ,Gestell ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Philosophers ,Organism ,Body - Abstract
Straipsnis skirtas aptarti heidegeriškąjį kūno, arba kūniškumo, apmąstymą. Šis apmąstymas lokalizuojamas Heideggerio samprotavimuose apie erdvę ir apie techniką. Aptariama, kaip kūnas pasirodo remiantis karteziškuoju erdviškumu ir kaip – remiantis heidegeriškuoju. Nurodomas skirtumas tarp kūno kaip fenomeno ir kūno kaip organizmo Gestell atvertyje. Analizuojamas organizmo kaip mechanistinės-techninės sampratos ir Dasein kaip kūno-dvasios nedalomos vienovės skirtumas. Parodomas subjekto transformacijos į Dasein ryšys su tinkama kūniškumo atvertimi. Reziumuojama nurodant šios problemos politinį aspektą, kuris išryškėja siejant biopolitiką su subjekto-objekto skirtimi grindžiamu manipuliaciniu kūno atvėrimu, savo ruožtu reiškiančiu dievų užmarštį. The article is dedicated to discussing the Heideggerian thought on the body, or bodiliness. This thought is localized in the Heideggerian thought on space and on technology. We discuss how the body appears based on the Cartesian spatiality and how it appears based on the Heideggerian one. The difference between the body as phenomenon and the body as an organism in the openness of Gestell is indicated. The distinction between organism as a mechanistic-technological notion and Dasein as the indivisible unity of bodyspirit is analysed. The relation of the transformation of subject into Dasein to the proper openness of bodiliness is demonstrated. The article concludes by indicating the political aspect of this issue. The political aspect comes to light in the link of biopolitics with the manipulative revelation of body, based on the subject-object distinction, which in turn means the forgetfulness of gods.
- Published
- 2021
41. Jacques Lacan’s theory of rupture: the perspective of the real
- Author
-
Pocius, Kasparas
- Subjects
Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Jacquesas Lacanas (Jacques Marie Émile Lacan ,Žakas Mari Emilis Lakanas) ,Falinis signifikantas ,Fantazija ,Philosophers ,Subject ,Pphallic signifier ,Fantasy ,Subjektas ,Real - Abstract
Straipsnyje aptariama Jacques’o Lacano pertrūkio teorija, aprėpianti tris jo topologijos koncepcijoje figūruojančias plotmes – įsivaizduojamybės, simbolinę ir Tikrovės plotmę. Pertrūkio teorija ji vadintina todėl, kad ji leidžia įžvelgti Lacano postuluojamo subjekto neišbaigtumą kiekvienoje iš šių plotmių susiduriant su Kitu. Straipsnyje keliamas klausimas, ar Lacano visuose trijuose lygmenyse matomą stoką galima aptarti pozityviai. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas faliniam signifikantui, keliama hipotezė, kad jis, susiedamas simbolinę ir Tikrovės plotmes, leidžia kurti naujas prasmes ir nepasiduoti fundamentaliai fantazijai. Be to, Lacano teorines įžvalgas bus bandoma susieti su politine plotme. The article analyses Jacques Lacan’s theory of rupture that encompasses the three planes – the imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real – that comprise his topology. It is named the theory of rupture because it allows grasping the unfinished Lacanian subject as it encounters Other in all of those planes. The main question is whether this lack could be considered as positive. The attention is paid to the phallic signifier; the hypothesis is that this signifier, by linking the symbolic and the Real, allows the creation of new meanings and the resistance towards the fundamental fantasy. The Lacanian ternary conception of topology helps us to analyse the field of politics. While grasping this field from the “ex-sisting” perspective of the Real, we can observe the two scenarios of the development of (political) subject. On the one hand, there is a possible link between the subject and fantasy, in which one tries to compensate for the lack of the Real by “comforting” itself in the plane of symbolic discourse. On the other hand, in the alternative scenario, the subject consciously admits its lack, rejects the fantasy and begins to create new names which “hole” the symbolic discourse itself as well as the insufficiency of the symbolic field. The Real is defended by the phallic signifier, which helps to maintain the subject’s negativity and militancy. By enclosing the Real into the Symbolic we create the new consistency as the subject seeks not to maintain a passive form and place inside the structure, but names the positive lack in the structure itself and thereby creates the new political content.
- Published
- 2021
42. Structure of the philosophy of Aristotle in the thinking of M. Heidegger
- Author
-
Nerijus Stasiulis
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Martinas Heideggeris (Martin Heidegger) ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Renė Dekartas (Rene Descartes ,Renatus Cartesius) ,General Arts and Humanities ,Aristotelis ,Philosophers ,Presence ,Filosofija / Philosophy ,Prezencija ,Authentic being - Abstract
Straipsnis skirtas nusakyti Martino Heideggerio mąstymo ir Aristotelio filosofijos santykio pagrindinius bruožus. Heideggeris Aristotelio tekstuose randa prezencijos kaip išslaptinimo mąstymo pavyzdį. Aristotelio ir Antifono ginčo struktūra tampa paradigma Heideggerio ir René Descartes’o sampratų ginčo santykiui. Ši paradigma yra praturtinama būties istorijos dimensijos. Tiek per karteziškąją filosofiją susiformavęs nūnai atsiskleidęs būties likimas, tiek naujo būties mąstymo galimybė kildinama iš Aristotelio filosofijos, tiksliau – iš dvejopos galimybės perskaityti jos struktūrą. Naujas būties mąstymas siejamas būtent su prezencijos kaip išslaptinimo mąstymu, sutampančiu su eigentlich būtimi. Haidegeriškai-aristoteliškoje filosofijoje jos pačios santykis su karteziškąja paradigma suprantamas perimant graikiškosios skirties tarp alētheia ir pseudos struktūrą. The aim of the article is to outline the main characteristics of the connection between Martin Heidegger’s thought and Aristotle’s philosophy. Heidegger finds in Aristotle’s texts the example of presence as the thinking of unconcealment. The structure of the argument between Aristotle and Antifon becomes the paradigm for the argumentative relation between the conceptions of Heidegger and René Descartes. Both the destiny of Being which has now been revealed via Cartesian philosophy and the possibility of the new thinking of Being is derived from the philosophy of Aristotle, to wit – from the twofold possibility of reading its structure. The new thinking of Being is linked precisely to the thinking of presence as unconcealment, which coincides with the eigentlich Being. The relation of Heideggerian-Aristotelian philosophy to the Cartesian paradigm is understood via the structure of the Greek distinction between alētheia and pseudos.
- Published
- 2021
43. Kalbos redaktorių savimonė ir vaidmuo kalbos standartizavimo lauke
- Author
-
Eglė Jankauskaitė
- Subjects
Filosofai / Philosophers ,Language standardization ,Galia ,Power relations ,Language editors ,Editing ,Michel Foucault ,Redagavimas ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Power ,Philosophers ,Galios santykiai ,Kalbos redaktoriai ,Pierre Bourdieu ,Kalbos standartizavimas - Abstract
Šiame straipsnyje tiriama, kaip veikia galios santykiai kalbos standartizavimo lauke. Pasitelkiant Michelio Foucault ir Pierre’o Bourdieu teorijas apie galią, analizuojama, kokie galios santykiai ryškėja teoriniuose sociolingvistų veikaluose apie kalbos standartizavimą ir analizuojami interviu su lietuvių kalbos redaktoriais. Tyrimas parodo, kad, kitaip nei randama angliškai kalbančių šalių tyrimuose, kur galiai įgyti reikia tiek išsilavinimo apskritai, tiek specifinių su kalba susijusių žinių ir įgūdžių, Lietuvoje galią kurti žinojimą, kokia kalba yra „gera“, užtikrina tik aukštasis lingvistinis išsilavinimas ir priklausymas kalbos institucijai. This paper aims to investigate how power relationships operate in the language standardization field. To do this, a theoretical framework based on Michel Foucault’s and Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of power is applied to determine what power relationships are evident in the works on standardization abroad (as opposed to Lithuania) and the same framework is used to analyze qualitative interviews with Lithuanian copy editors in order to find out what position they occupy in the Lithuanian field of language standardization. It appears that whereas both higher education in general and specific linguistic expertise are required to gain power in the language standardization fields of the English-speaking countries, in Lithuania it is specifically the linguistic education and belonging to the state language committee that gives access to the power to generate knowledge and thus standardize language.
- Published
- 2021
44. Transformation of the time-image in the Soviet Lithuanian cinema
- Author
-
Edgaras Bolšakovas
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Minor cinema ,Movement-image ,Time-image ,General Arts and Humanities ,Philosophers ,Vaizdinys-laikas ,Kinas. Filmai / Cinema. Movies ,Soviet era ,Žilis Delezas (Gilles Deleuze) ,Filosofija / Philosophy - Abstract
Straipsnyje įrodinėjama, kad šiuolaikiniuose kino filosofijos tyrimuose atsirandanti tendencija politizuoti Gilleso Deleuze’o kinui skirtus konceptus – vaizdinį-judėjimą ir vaizdinį-laiką, dažnai remiasi nereflektuota prielaida apie du skirtingus politinius tapatumus ir iš jų konfrontacijos atsirandantį politinį žinojimą. Ginama tezė, jog vaizdinio-laiko kinas gali steigti politinį žinojimą. Tačiau eksplicitiškai nesuderinus bet kokį tapatumą neigiančių vaizdinio-laiko klastojimo galių ir tuo pačiu metu steigiamo politinio žinojimo, tyrimai, rekonstruojantys vaizdinio-laiko kine esantį politiškumą, prieštarauja Deleuze’o filosofijos visumai. Tezė argumentuojama kritiškai pateikiant vaizdinio-laiko politizavimo prielaidas, sintezuojant vaizdinį-laiką su vaizdiniu-judėjimu ir pasiūlant naują vaizdinio-laiko rūšį – vaizdinį-kairos. Galiausiai vaizdinio-kairos funkcionavimas lokalizuojamas filme "Vienos dienos kronika" (1963), taip prieštaraujant pastaruoju metu Lietuvoje populiarėjantiems teiginiams, kad sovietmečio menininkų kūryboje absoliučiai nebūta politinės rezistencijos. This paper explores a new trend in the contemporary philosophy of cinema – the politicization of Gilles Deleuze’s famous film concepts – the time-image and the movement image. This kind of approach usually stands assumes two or more confronting political identities and the political knowledge proceeding from it. This paper argues that this confrontation needs to explain how such knowledge is produced. This approach requires a new hybrid-image. It is argued that this kind of attempt to politicize the time-image contradicts the political philosophy proposed by Deleuze. This thesis is advanced by analysing the assumptions on politicizing the time-image. The impasse is answered by combining the time-image and the movement-image and proposing a new type of the time-image – the kairos-image. Finally it is shown how the kairos-image functions in the Soviet Lithuanian film "One-Day Chronicle" (1963). This functioning negates the now popular arguments of the non-existent political resistance in the art of Soviet Lithuanian artists.
- Published
- 2021
45. Image of the sea in Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis's and Vydūnas's artistic program of the creation of the world
- Author
-
Martišiūtė-Linartienė, Aušra
- Subjects
Prometėjo mitas ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Vaizdiniai ,Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis ,Public figures ,Vydūnas (Wilhelm Storost ,Vilhelmas Storostas, Storosta) ,Painters ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Rašytojai / Writers ,Philosophers ,Images ,Dailininkai ,Mitai. Legendos. Padavimai / Myths. Legends. Stories ,Visuomenės veikėjai / Public leaders ,Composers ,Cultural figures ,Kultūros veikėjai ,Vizijos ,Visions ,Kompozitoriai - Abstract
Tyrimą inspiravo amžininkų ir vėlesnių tyrinėtojų pačiais bendriausiais bruožais aptarta Mikalojaus Konstantino Čiurlionio (1875–1911) ir Vydūno (Vilhelmo Storostos, 1868–1953) meninių pasaulių giminystė. Dėmesį sutelkus į konkrečius Čiurlionio ir Vydūno kūrinius, straipsnyje sukonkretinami meninės programos ypatumai ir jų raiška jūros vaizdinyje (Čiurlionio poema proza „Jūra“, simfoninė poema „Jūra“, paveikslai „Jūros sonata“, „Andante“ ir kt., Vydūno „Jūrų varpai“ ir kt.), legendos apie Jūratę ir Kastytį interpretacijoje (Čiurlionių opera „Jūratė“, Čiurlionio laiškai operos tema, Vydūno libretas operai „Jūraitė“). Dėmesys sutelkiamas į Čiurlionio laiškuose, Vydūno librete išryškėjusius pokyčius interpretuojant žmogaus ir deivės meilę, dievų reakciją į ją, aliuzijų į mito kaitą nuo „prikaltojo“ iki išlaisvintojo Prometėjo. Lyginamajam tyrimui pasirinkta Čiurlionio žodžio kūryba, laiškai, muzikos, dailės kūriniai, Vydūno dramos, tekstai apie Čiurlionio kūrybą. The article illustrates the creative connections between the composer and painter Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (1875-1911) and the playwright and philosopher Vydūnas (Vilhelmas Storostas, 1868-1953) observed and described by their contemporaries and later, by scholars in a very general way. The article discusses the following elements of Čiurlionis’s and Vydūnas’s creative program: a work of art as a vision, the creative act as the creation of one’s own world, the principle of combining abstract and specific, and the positivity of worldview expressed in the direction of ascent. The image of the sea, which has become the main object of the work, expresses the creative world. In the interpretations of the legend about Jūratė and Kastytis, the significance of love between the human and the goddess alters from human humility and mutual feeling of love to the meanings of co-creation revealed by Čiurlionis and Vydūnas, depicting the reaction of the gods to the love of the goddess and man—from the punishment to blessing (Vydūnas’s Jūraitė). Interpretations of the legend vary from the “bound” Prometheus—the image of Kastytis bound to a rock to the meanings of the liberated Prometheus (looking at the corpus of Čiurlionis’s works, the painting “Rex,” the finale of Vydūnas’s Jūrų varpai and Jūraitė assert the liberation of the human-creator). Both artists affirm the strengthening of the inner powers of the individual. They consolidate the unmatched value of the power of human creativity.
- Published
- 2021
46. In the path of Vydūnas: moral values and social engineering as the tool for the welfare state creation
- Author
-
Rimkus, Edvardas
- Subjects
Technology ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Ideologija. Pasaulėžiūra / Ideology. Worldviews ,Technocracy ,Science ,Technologijos / Technologies ,Moral values ,Valstybė / State ,Vydūnas (Wilhelm Storost ,Vilhelmas Storostas, Storosta) ,Technokratija ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Philosophers ,Social engineering ,Welfare state ,Socialinė inžinerija - Abstract
Straipsnyje remiantis Vydūno požiūriu į moralinių vertybių vaidmenį valstybėje analizuojamas demokratijos ir technokratijos santykis. Nagrinėjant į gerovės valstybės sukūrimą nukreiptus projektus svarstoma, kiek jų vykdymas yra paremtas tik technokratinėmis siaurąja prasme kompetencijomis – gamtos, technologinių, ekonomikos ir kitų mokslų ekspertinių žinių pritaikymu ir kokį vaidmenį tokiuose projektuose atlieka moralinės vertybės. Skiriami dviejų tipų – siaurąja ir plačiąja prasmėmis – technokratiniai projektai. Pastarieji yra interdisciplinine diskusija paremta socialinė inžinerija, jiems svarbiausi yra vertybinių klausimų sprendimai. Teigiama, kad demokratija ir technokratija neturi būti supriešinami kaip valstybės valdymo metodai; kad technokratija negali pakeisti demokratijos kaip individo laisvę ginančios socialinės sistemos. Moraliniai idealai (laisvė, lygybė, teisingumas, bendrojo gėrio siekimas) yra pagrindiniai vertybiniai orientyrai socialinei inžinerijai, nukreiptai į gerovės valstybės kūrybą. The article analyses the relationship between democracy and technocracy invoking Lithuanian philosopher Vydūnas’ view on the role of moral values playing in the state. Investigating projects directed to the welfare state creation the author asks how much these projects are technocratic in the narrow sense – performing with the help of knowledge of nature sciences, engineering, economics and other, and what role in these projects moral values play. The author distinguishes two types of projects – technocracy in the narrow and in the wide sense. The latter is defined as social engineering based on the interdisciplinary discussion of experts on the questions linked with moral values. The main theses defended are the following: democracy ant technocracy as the methods of governance should not be contrasted; technocracy could not replace democracy which is the system defending freedom of the individual person; moral ideals (freedom, equality, justice, seeking of common good) are the basic guide in the sphere of values for the social engineering directed to the creation of welfare state.
- Published
- 2021
47. Problem of integrity of the integral democracy project
- Author
-
Peluritis, Laurynas
- Subjects
History of Lithuanian philosophy ,Political thought ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Antanas Maceina ,Philosophers ,Filosofija / Philosophy ,Organic State ,Integral Democracy - Abstract
Straipsnio tema – Stasio Šalkauskio, Antano Maceinos ir kitų Lietuvos tarpukario ir išeivijos katalikų intelektualų kurtos pilnutinės demokratijos koncepcijos svarbiausieji principai. Nagrinėjama pilnutinės demokratijos idėjų genezė ir raida tarpukario Lietuvoje, Antrojo pasaulinio karo, okupacijų, totalitarinių režimų bei išeivijos patirties įtaka šiai koncepcijai. Pilnutinės demokratijos, organiškos valstybės ir nepasaulėžiūrinės politikos projektai apžvelgiami istoriniame ir intelektualiniame savojo laiko kontekste, pradedant nuo idėjos ištakų ir organiškosios valstybės koncepcijos konteksto. Antrojoje straipsnio dalyje apžvelgiamos svarbiausios prielaidos ir idėjos, apimančios visą projektą nuo 1936 m. organiškos valstybės koncepcijos iki 1954–1955 m. paskelbtų pilnutinės demokratijos idėjų. Galiausiai žiūrint į šių dviejų koncepcijų esminius skirtumus ryškinama pilnutinės demokratijos projekto esmė ir svarbiausieji bruožai. The topic of this paper is the most important principles of the concept of integral democracy created by Stasys Šalkauskis, Antanas Maceina and other Lithuanian interwar and post-war exodus intellectuals. The genesis and development of the ideas of integral democracy in interwar Lithuania are analyzed, also the influence of the experiences of World War II, occupations, totalitarian regimes and living in exodus on this concept. The projects of integral democracy, organic state and non-worldview politics are reviewed in their historical and intellectual context of Lithuania and the Lithuanian diaspora in exodus, starting from the origins of the idea and the concept of the organic state, also the most important criticism of it. The second part of the paper reviews the most important assumptions and ideas that unite the whole project from the 1936 concept of the organic state to the 1954–1955 ideas of integral democracy. Finally, looking at the fundamental differences between the two concepts the essence and key features of the project of full democracy are highlighted.
- Published
- 2021
48. Immanuelis Kantas ir politikos tikrumo klausimas
- Author
-
Jokubaitis, Alvydas
- Subjects
Descartes ,Kant ,morality ,politics ,certainty ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Imanuelis Kantas (Immanuel Kant) ,Renė Dekartas (Rene Descartes ,Renatus Cartesius) ,Philosophers ,Politics ,Moralė ,Certainty ,Filosofija / Philosophy ,Morality - Abstract
Kanto politinės filosofijos tyrinėtojai be dėmesio paliko politikos tikrumo klausimą, kuris neatskiriamas nuo fenomeno ir noumeno perskyros. Praktinio proto pirmenybė reiškia moralės iškėlimą pirmiau pažinimo. Tai svarbi Kanto filosofijos prielaida. Tačiau moralės sureikšminimo kontekste iškyla politikos tikrumo klausimas. Pripažinus moralės pirmenybę, politika tarytum praranda noumenų srities tikrumą. Susidaro įspūdis, jog praktinio proto teorijoje atsiranda nauja fenomeno ir noumeno perskyra, kurios neturėtų būti. Moralės dėsnio atžvilgiu politika atrodo paradoksaliai – kaip noumenų srities fenomenas. Straipsnyje siekiama įrodyti, kad vieninteliu politikos tikrumo pagrindu Kantas suvokė moralę. Jo nuomone, tik ryšiai su kategoriniu imperatyvu leidžia kalbėti apie politikos tikrumą. Tačiau Kanto politikos tikrumo sampratai būdingas ribotumas. Politika priklauso ne tik nuo jo išryškintos moralės ontologijos, bet ir tarpasmeninių santykių formuojamo tikrumo. Kantas nepastebėjo šio už visuotinio moralės dėsnio likusio aspekto. Researchers of Kant’s political philosophy have not paid enough attention to the problem of certainty in politics which is inseparable from the distinction between phenomenon and noumenon. The primacy of practical reason means that morality has a higher value than knowledge. This is a fundamental presupposition of Kant’s philosophy. However, this emphasis on the importance of morality leads to the problematic question of certainty in politics. The recognition of the primacy of morality seems to lead to a situation where politics loses the certainty that belongs to the sphere of noumenon. Such a situation seems to lead to an impossible situation when the distinction between phenomenon and noumenon reappears in the theory of practical reason. The paper puts forward a thesis that for Kant morality is the only ground that allows speaking about the certainty of politics. However, his understanding of certainty in politics has its drawbacks. Politics is dependent not only on the ontology of morality that was emphasized by Kant, but it is also dependent on the kind of certainty that one finds in the sphere of interpersonal relationships. Kant did not pay enough attention to this aspect which remains outside the sphere of the universal law of morality.
- Published
- 2021
49. Problem of consciousness and its origin in Vasily Sesemann’s manuscripts
- Author
-
Jonkus, Dalius
- Subjects
Consciousness ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Fenomenologija ,Objectification ,Filosofija / Philosophy ,Sąmonė ,Savimonė ,Objektyvacija ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Philosophers ,Phenomenology ,Self-consciousness ,Vasily Seseman ,Vosylius Sezemanas ,Intuition ,Intuicija - Abstract
Straipsnyje analizuojama sąmonės koncepcija Vosyliaus Sezemano rankraščiuose. Sezemanas tyrinėjo sąmonę aprašydamas intencionalius išgyvenimus ir atmesdamas natūralistinius jų paaiškinimus. Jis siekė parodyti gyvybės neredukuojamumą į fiziologinius ar cheminius procesus ir kartu atmetė dvasios ir materijos, sielos ir kūno dualistinį supriešinimą. Rankraštiniame tekste „Savęs pažinimas, savimonė ir objektyvacija“ filosofas nagrinėjo sąmonės sąryšį su savimone ir pasąmone bei įvairias sąmonės objektyvacijos formas. Šį rankraštį galima priskirti grupei išlikusių rankraštinių tekstų, kuriuose aptariama sąmonės kilmė ir metafizinis materijos ir dvasios sąryšis. Straipsnyje pirmiausia aptariamas Sezemano sąmonės sampratos ir gamtos filosofijos sąryšis. Antra, nagrinėjama, kaip Sezemanas supranta sąmonės ir savimonės santykį bei sąmonės objektyvacijas. Trečia, analizuojama, kaip filosofas supranta sąmonės sąryšį su emocine intuicija ir pasąmone. Autorius teigia, kad Sezemano požiūris yra fenomenologinis. The purpose of this article is to analyse the concept of consciousness in Vasily Sesemann’s manuscripts. Sesemann studied consciousness, describing it as an intentional experience and rejecting its naturalistic explanations. Sesemann revealed the irreducibility of life to physiological or chemical processes and at the same time rejected the dualistic opposition of spirit and matter, soul and body. In the manuscript text “Self-knowledge, self-consciousness and objectification” the philosopher explores the relationship of consciousness with self-consciousness and the subconscious, as well as various forms of objectification of consciousness. This manuscript can be attributed to a group of manuscript texts that discuss the origin of consciousness and the metaphysical relationship between matter and spirit. In the article, I will first discuss the relationship between Sesemann’s concept of consciousness and the philosophy of nature. Second, I will examine how Sesemann understands the relationship between consciousness and self-consciousness and the objectifications of consciousness. Third, I will analyze how the philosopher understands emotional intuition and subconsciousness. I argue that Sesemann’s approach is phenomenological.
- Published
- 2021
50. From a political animal to an inner person: two periods of Alvydas Jokubaitis's works and their anthropological premises
- Author
-
Bartninkas, Vilius
- Subjects
Self-actualization ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Filosofai / Philosophers ,Political philosophy ,Etika / Ethics ,Savirealizacija ,Philosophers ,Moralė ,Alvydas Jokubaitis ,Filosofija / Philosophy ,Morality - Abstract
This article examines the anthropological premises of Alvydas Jokubaitis’s philosophy. His earlier works are based on the conception of humans as political animals, an anthropological theory according to which humans are naturally social beings inclined to act in the public space. His latest book, Politinis idiotas (A Political Idiot), is based on a new anthropological theory, according to which humans are apolitical (or idiotic) animals, who cannot reveal their personalities in the public space and in social roles. This article explains the turn from the earlier anthropological optimism to the later anthropological pessimism as a theoretical answer to a particular issue concerning the nature of unsuccessful practical actions. However, the article also argues that this turn also marks a new tension in Jokubaitis’s philosophy, since the two anthropologies establish different visions of morality and the political. The former vision follows the classical conception of morality and the Schmittian distinction between friends and enemies, while the latter vision develops a personalist view of ethics and prioritises the category of the enemy. This tension cannot be resolved in Jokubaitis’s current works and thus the two different conceptions of the human nature allow us to classify his works into the earlier period and the later period.
- Published
- 2021
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