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The article emphasizes the importance of the public transport service to the country's economic and social environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel behavior affected by the COVID-19 pandemic has changed around the world. It is emphasized that an inefficiently managed service is one of the reasons for the decline in the mobility of several residents in the city. The conclusions provide guidance on transport policy-making for tailormade bus services that need to be promoted in a sustainable way after COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public transport system must be developed evenly, it must be equally accessible to all groups of the population, regardless of gender, age, financial situation, etc. In Lithuania public transport is organized differently. Access to public transport services in rural areas further away from the main transport routes is limited This leads to social and regional exclusion, which has a negative long-term impact on the communities life. In many rural areas, the population is scattered, therefore, public transport services in such areas are economically unviable. It is not beneficial for public transport operators to organize public transport routes to places where demand is lower. As a result, both public transport passengers flows and given financing are uneven. The aim of this article is to analyze the problem of inequality of public transport services in Lithuanian municipalities based on the collected data. To achieve this aim, the review analysis research method is used in this article. Research tasks: to present the problem of regional social exclusion, to present indicators describing the inequality of regional public transport services, to collect data of the indicators under consideration and to perform a review analysis of the collected data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public transport is recognized as a more environmentally friendly mode of transport than cars for the same number of passengers. Many countries are investing heavily in public transport to make it not only greener, but also more convenient, more attractive, faster, more competitive and more accessible. In order to promote a sustainable environment, private, public and non-motorizedtransport must functionally complement each other to form balanced integrated systems. There are currently two main forms of organizing public transport: a government-oriented service and a market-oriented service. Positive changes in the field of public transport are possible if in the process involves not only state and municipal institutions, but also infrastructure planners, passenger carriers and inhabitants. Public transport must be seen as a means of developing cities and regions. The aim of the article is to analyze the existing models of public transport organization and management, to compare them and submit a proposal, on the basis of which management model it would be possible to submit proposals for the improvement of the organization of Lithuanian public transport. Good foreign countries practice in the management and organization of public transport shows that in some countries public transport is already organized not by individual municipalities but by regions. Based on the achievements of foreign countries, municipalities are recommended to cooperate and share experience in creating a common public transport network. It is necessary to create a management scheme in Lithuania for the development of public transport services, which at the same time would reduce public costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Security & Public Order / Visuomenes Saugumas ir Viesoji Tvarka is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Security & Public Order / Visuomenes Saugumas ir Viesoji Tvarka is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Socialiniai Tyrimai is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Security & Public Order / Visuomenes Saugumas ir Viesoji Tvarka is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Security & Public Order / Visuomenes Saugumas ir Viesoji Tvarka is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama viešųjų pirkimų integravimo į elektroninę erdvę tema, išryškinant Lietuvos Respublikos viešųjų pirkimų teisinės bazės kūrimo dėsningumus bei Europos Sąjungos (ES) elektroninių viešųjų pirkimų institucinio pagrindo ypatumus. Teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių viešųjų pirkimų sritį, Iyginamoji analizė leidžia pastebėti pokyčius, įvykusius nuo Lietuvos įstojimo į ES. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas Lietuvos Respublikos viešojo pirkimo įstatymo kaitos tendencijoms, identifikuojant pirkimo būdus bei pirkimo proceso pokyčius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to reveal the features of consumers' satisfaction with public services, as consumers' satisfaction with services is one of the indicators of quality of services in organizations. It is very important to know the level of consumers' satisfaction, which may reflect the quality of services, organizational performance, the ability to meet specific customers' needs, and it might even determine citizens' trust in the public sector. Modern authors indicate that consumers' satisfaction with public services can reflect not only the quality of the services, but also some cognitive and personality factors of consumers. In Lithuania, this kind of research has not been carried out yet before, and this article presents survey (n = 465), which was conducted in Lithuania in 2013. The aim of this survey was to find out features of customers' satisfaction with public services as well as identify some psychological characteristics of consumers and evaluate the attitudes of public sector employees towards the causes of customers' satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The survey showed that 10 percent of consumers were not satisfied with the quality of public services, 9 percent of consumers were not satisfied with the terms of rendered public services; consumers' satisfaction with the services and consumers' satisfaction with the terms of rendered services are statistically significantly related (r = 0.611), consumer awareness characteristics are related to respondents' satisfaction with public services. Public sector employees noted some vulnerable factors that might affect consumers' dissatisfaction: too small a number of staff in public organizations, lack of financial resources, the total workload of specialists. Public sector employees have also proposed some intervention strategies: the less number of tasks assigned to for each employee, human resources training in communication with consumers, more efficient use of information technologies, education of the public service consumers about their rights and responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the 1st of January 2009 Kazakhstan introduced a new Budget Code, which includes the foundations of result oriented budgeting, covering all stages of the budgeting process. If the old Budget Code according to the "budgeting" concept involved planning, review, approval, implementation, verification, corrections, financial control, the new one contains procedures for fiscal accounting and reporting, budget monitoring and evaluation of the results. The release of the Budget Code can be treated as one more step forward in Kazakhstan development process. Independent government aimed to achieve transparent, efficient and stable budget, meeting the needs of the population and improving the quality of public services and functions as much as possible. Today, the main challenge of the budgeting process in the Republic of Kazakhstan is to develop techniques for effective monitoring and evaluation. Effective usage of budget funds can be achieved not only by fiscal measures, but also by improving logistics of budgeting process. One of the mechanisms that allow the government to carry out economic and social policies is a budgeting system. Through it financial resources are mobilized, then redistributed and used to solve economic and social problems. This process ensures that the government performs its functions properly and achieves its objectives. In order to reveal the basic trends of the current stage of Kazakhstan development is it purposeful to raise three main issues, which are the most relevant when considering the management of public finances in the Republic of Kazakhstan: 1. Fiscal discipline. Is the total amount of revenues, expenses, surplus or deficit and public debt amenable to current and anticipated economic conditions, government's ability to collect taxes and service needs of public institutions? 2. Distribution efficiency. Did the government choose appropriate priority to spend for territorial development, program objectives, budget commitments and approved programs? 3. Management efficiency. Is the government able to manage the budget institutions and at the same time ensure quality of public services? New system of the government planning allows budget formation based on the goals and objectives of state policy and allocation of the monetary resources between administrators of budget programs. The article is devoted to expose topical issues of the budgeting process improvement in the Republic of Kazakhstan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid development of the information technologies has a huge impact not only in everyday life. It changes government institutions as well: leads to the modernization of management processes, optimizes work and impacts traditional society and government relations. Information age demanded from the public institutions to transfer most of the information, communication and public services to the electronic systems. However, many of local governments are not ready to improve the quality of information technologies and transfer administration services to the electronic space. This phenomenon is particularly apparent in the small local government institutions which faces difficulties when transferring electronic services to electronic systems. This article is based on the literature studies and it analyzes the main features of the information technologies and their role in public administration processes. The authors also identify the concepts of electronic government and electronic services. This case analyzes the situation of the electronic services provision in Šakiai district municipality, affects the major problems of e-services in this institution and offers solutions to these problems. In order to move evenly with changing environment, public institutions need to understand that the attitudes of employees has to change first. Therefore collaboration of governmental institutions must be stimulated sharing the experience of the best practice. Such collaboration is necessary in order to increase the knowledge of employees and control information traffic. The article concludes, that the development of the electronic public services in local government institutions is inherent from availability of these services to the community. Because of that great attention should be paid to introduce local people with the main advantages of the electronic public services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do cities privatise? The top two reasons that the governments privatise are an internal effort to reduce costs (about 90% of the respondents) and external fiscal pressures (about 53%). In other words, governments privatise to save money. An identified infrastructure decay is another important reason; municipalities needed costly new or rehabilitated infrastructure and thus entered into public-private partnerships. Privatisation did provide the expected cost saving. This article describes some basic principles that guided the privatisation/competition effort: the key is competition - privatisation is only one of the possible outcomes; competition will be public and open to all qualified contestants; cross-functional evaluation terms will evaluate competitive responses; as far as practical, current employees will be encouraged to compete; accurate cost- accounting information is needed to compare proposals; when in doubt about possible savings, let the marketplace speak; contracts have to contain performance standards and provide economic incentives for good performance. Also, they should be managed effectively. The author describes the practice of water supply privatisation contracts in the USA municipalities. This experience is extremely valuable for other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public administration system has been restructured by agencification in many countries. The new or reorganized agencies have been established. These agencies rely more on business management methods pursuing to improve public services quality, increase people's confidence in government, public administration, reduce costs, etc. Using principal - agent theory paper gives theoretical justification and by investigation of the reasons, means and results of agencification paper reviews practical experience of agencification in countries: Great Britain, Ireland, Portugal, Germany, the United States of America, and Sweden. Despite the divergence in agencification (agencies types and structures, legal framework), general trends and key success factors -- political consensus and strategic reform management -- can be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement of human resource management functions and procedures in the public sector is an ongoing and constantly evolving process. Citizens and the society are requiring from state civil servants effectiveness by providing public services to residents. In the world, it is still appreciated that the public sector has lower efficiency compared with the private sector. A large part of the state and local government authorities and institutions depends on the efficiency of civil servant training, competence and skills. A significant impact on the operational efficiency of the institutions has effectiveness of the human resource management functions and procedures. For seeking purposeful results of human resource management, services are important in analysis and performance of the functions and procedures, their systematisation and looking for ways and methods of forming the appropriate assumptions to increase the efficiency of human resource management. The goal of the present article is to perform an analysis of the public sector human resource management departments' functions and the classificatio analysis and classify them in order to seek efficiency of administrative functions and procedures. Human resource management service functions achieved via classification of the concept could be described as human resources, administrative service functions performed by dividing into groups according to the significance of the effectiveness of enforcement, effectiveness of implementation, the need for more detailed regulation, the level of formalisation, the level of the simplification of an electronic personal file, facilitation of the implementation of a virtual environment, The technology used, and participation in the decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Technologies / Socialines Technologijos is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the current global business environment the importance of small and medium business for national economic and social development is undeniable. Namely, especially SMEs enterprises, confronting with business development problems, experience failures in the market. Increasing competitiveness and development of SME's enterprises, more and more attention is given for public services for the SME's business and to the aspects of safeguarding their quality. Services for business providing is concurrent part of the economic growth policies in any EU country, in which support for business and public services providing systems and instruments are very diverse. One from the forms of public services is business incubation. The idea of business incubation rests on the premise that start-up business require a lot of funds for the investments, whereas entrepreneurs do not have bail for the bank loan and do not has any knowledge about activity management, although has good idea or invention. Therefore, business incubation embrace the whole process from the establishment of enterprises, till they achieve such a stage when they are able independently manage all activities while the risk to be disrupted is minimally lessened. In this context it must be highlighted business incubation process which self-actualizes through services provided in the business incubators thus providing holistic mechanism for business support, embracing material, non material and financial services for business incubators. Business incubation process provide better results if services providers give more attention for non material services, thus supporting enterprises and accelerating their successful development and growth. Particular attention must be given for qualification improvement of business services providers and appropriate preparation for business enterprises consulting. It must be emphasized that providing of business services and their specifics distinguishes in the process of business incubation: some of them are more important in the business pre-incubation stage, others during the incubation or post-incubation stages. Furthermore, it must be mentioned, that the same suppliers of business incubation services, especially business incubators, moves through the stages of their activity development. Subject to the level of development of business incubator, the quality and quantity of provided services would be different. Accomplished analysis of incubated business enterprises demonstrate that more and more Lithuanian SME business enterprises are involved into business incubation process and further successfully develop their activities' thus creating new jobs and thus contributing to the economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politologija is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Information Sciences / Informacijos Mokslai is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The topic of customer participation in the provision of public services, paying special attention to customer and provider co-production of the service, is examined in the article. The concepts of customer participation in the delivery of public services and co-production of services are discussed in the article. It is aimed to reveal the relevance of co-production in the public sector; also the trends of research of the phenomenon are discussed. Since the co-production of services is in a sense active customer participation in public services, the concept of customer participation in public services, demonstrating the place of co-production in it, is discussed first. Further, co-production of services is analysed, different approaches towards it are presented, the main related dimensions: citizenship, individual and collective participation, long-term relationships with customers, produced value of services are analysed in the article as well. In conclusion the links between co-production of services and the modernisation of delivery of public services are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competitive contracting is the most common form of municipal privatization and has been growing in USA since the 1970s regardless of the political affiliation of elected officials. Between 1982 and 1992 contracting increased by 121 percent in the 596 cities where comparable data were available. The average common municipal service is contracted out by 27 percent of cities. Cities privatize first to save money and second to improve services. A summary of nine major, comprehensive studies covering every contract entered into by the reporting jurisdictions-- 7, 168 contracts in all -- showed average savings of 29,5 percent. Mayor Stephen Goldsmith gained national and international attention for his successful efforts in Indianapolis. He used public-private competition to bring about large improvements in street repairs, wastewater treatment, fleet management, solid-waste collection, airport management, golf courses. All in all he put eighty-six services out to bid, of which city employees won 43 percent -- but only by drastically improving their productivity. The number of employees declined by a third but no union member lost a job, and the city projected cumulative savings of $450 million. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Néra paprastų argumentų, kurie padêtų vienareikšmiškai apibrêžti, ką iš esmés keičia informacinés technologijos viešajame valdyme. Tai yra besivystanti sritis, todél jai dar Iabai trüksta nusistovéjusių terminų, anaIizês modelių. Straipsnyje siekiama prisidéti prie elektroninês valdžios temos konceptualizavimo: plétojama idéja, kad technologijos skatina sisteminius institucinius pokyčius. Daroma prielaida, kad sisteminių pokyčių terminas reiškia, jog formuojasi naujas viešojo valdymo modelis, kuris néra panašus nei į įprastą racionaliosios biurokratijos modelį, nei į naujajį viešajį valdymą. Be to, nagrinéjamas pokyčių mechanizmas, t. y. kokiomis sąlygomis informacinés technologijos gali veikti kaip naujo institucinio modelio atsiradimą lemiantis nepriklausomas veiksnys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of constant change the public administration system undergoes different types of reforms: amendment of interaction mechanisms among institutions representing different management levels, application of competence and qualification improvement methods in the public service, etc. By stressing the importance of improvement of public administration system on a wider general environment this article analyses theoretical and practical aspects of politization of the system in both Lithuania and other countries. Although in reality the separation of politics and administration is impossible, yet, by assuring a maximum protection of the public service system from political interests, it is possible to stabilize the process of state governance and to create a professional public service, which would be based on qualification, performance and merit results, but not on personal or party-based (political) interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insufficient attention towards the topic of public service motivation among Lithuanian scholars encouraged the author to choose the object for the paper. The paper starts with the analysis of various theories of motivation (starting with A.Maslow theory of needs hierarchy and analyzing more complex theories of F.Herzberg, K.Alderfer, D.McCleland, V.Vroom, J.Adams, E.Lawler, W.Porter). Similar theories can serve as the basis for future research in Lithuanian public sphere. Author states, that universal theory on motivation does not exist. This fact complicates applicability of various theories in practice as raises the question, which theory is the best one (qualitative dimension). After choosing the theory, another question is what we have to measure. Attitudes (satisfaction), behavior (involvement) or both these elements should be used trying to measure motivation. A wish to participate in public policy implementation, serving public, loyalty to government; commitment and benevolence are several specific motivators, which influence public servant's activity. It is shown that working conditions, work content, salary, work safety, challenges, and possibilities for a career in private and public sector lead to distinguish certain similarities and differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)