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Over the centuries, Francysk Skaryna's name has become an object of collective memory and research. The article explores the commemorative activities of Skaryna in Lithuania. The article is based on the approach of the Activity Theory of the commemorative activities of F. Skaryna, which allows conducting a complex analysis of the research topic. The aim of the article is to analyze the memorialization of Skaryna in terms of the conducted activity, while distinguishing its characteristic elements - goals, objects, entities, processes, means and results, with the main focus on the subjects and the means of the implemented activity. The object of the research is the activity of commemorating and remembrance of the memory of Skaryna in the period dating from 1990 to 2022. The analyzed data includes scientific publications related to the memorialization of F. Skaryna in Lithuania, official documents, internet resources, media reports, and publications on the websites of science and studies, educational and cultural institutions. The memorialization was achieved by means of monumental and symbolic measures. The remembrance measures fostered historical and cultural memory, developed intercultural dialogue, and supported humanistic ideas. Monumental and symbolic measures, scientific and artistic events, educational activities, creative projects, monographs and religious honoring have made it possible to remember and get to know the heterogeneous personality and activities of Francysk Skaryna. Most of the commemorative and remembrance measures have been devoted to the celebration of anniversaries of his life and activities. At the level of entities, the cohesion of scientists, artists, representatives of culture, education, public organizations and national as well as foreign institutions at various levels has been remarkable, which has contributed to the implementation of numerous measures of the memorialization of F. Skaryna denoted by cultural, artistic, scientific, social, and lasting value for the communication of memory. The analysis of Skaryna s memorialization activities has allowed us to draw up a generalized model which enables us to reveal and understand this activity as a social, cultural and scientific action and phenomenon through the totality of its elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In contemporary Western society, a jubilee means celebration of an anniversary of some event. However, in the distant past, in the Judaic tradition, it meant a certain period of universal time: a jubilee was a period of 49 years (The Book of Jubilees). How did the transition from a calendar time-measuring unit, a period (49 years), to the festivity commemorating an event measured according to the decimal system (20, 50, 100-year jubilees) occur? In order to explain this phenomenon from the philosophical perspective, four concepts of time are distinguished: mythical, physical, historical and soul/consciousness time. When discussing the concept of natural (physical) time, which took shape in the period of classical antiquity (Physics by Aristotle) and later was taken over by natural sciences, it is explained how it differs from the mythical-religious concept of time, which is understood by religious anthropologists with the help of Bergson's idea of duration; what is the difference between the measurement of time in natural sciences and the measurement of mythical time, as well as between the mythical and mathematical understanding of a number. The religious calendar establishing ritual practices regulates human actions and relates them to cosmic cycles, but it has no correlation to their consciousness. The formation of the practice of commemorating a certain event requires a different relation with time: mythical time has to be replaced with historical time, which makes necessary self-consciousness and the concept of irreversible passing of time. The passage of time is retained through memory. Commemoration of an event is one of the forms of historical memory, when a reminiscence is externalised by ritualising it, by turning it into a ceremony. Thus, through ritual and by conferring a symbolic meaning to a number (a unit of the decimal system), elements of mythical time appear in historical time. A jubilee, as a periodical, ritual commemoration of a certain event, finds itself in the midway between mythical and historical time: it is a kind of degraded mythical time in historical time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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