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Background: Opioids are effective analgesics for cancer pain and refractory non-cancer pain. Although they are essential medication, problematic issues on aberrant behavior and adverse events have rapidly emerged as social problems in Korea. This study aimed to describe the mechanisms, efficacy, and adverse events, especially how to deal with opioid dependency. Current Concepts: Opioid-induced aberrant behavior includes physical and psychological dependences (addiction), abuse, and diversion (giving prescribed opioids to another person). Most physicians are unfamiliar with how to handle patients presenting these problematic issues. Physical and psychological dependences develop through different pathophysiologic mechanisms, i.e., noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways, respectively. Motivational enhancement therapy, psychosocial support, substitution therapy with buprenorphine, and adjunctive medications, including alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, antidepressants, and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, are the mainstay of treatment for opioid dependency. Constipation, nausea/vomiting, drowsiness/sedation, delirium, itching sensation, voiding difficulty, dry mouth, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and respiratory depression are well-known physical side effects of opioid consumption. Discussion and Conclusion: Research on the development history, epidemiology of opioid dependency, and its treatment are warranted to avoid an opioid crisis in Korea. Above all, thorough knowledge for physicians and patients is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the symptoms and care needs of home-based cancer patients in Korea and to add to the scarce literature on this topic. Methods: Data were collected from patients who subscribed to home-based cancer care services in Jinju. Assessments were performed by nurses at the local public health center. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System with a numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to identify symptoms, and a four-point Likert scale was used to assess psychological, social, and spiritual needs. Results: Cross-sectional data were collected in October 2013. A total of 209 patients participated and their median age was 65 years (range, 17∼89 years). Most patients were diagnosed in the early stage of cancer (n=188); only 19 patients were diagnosed in the advanced stage. More than half the patients lived alone (n=115, 55.0%) and took care of themselves (n=128, 61.2%). Anorexia and fatigue were the most common symptoms (median NRS, 5 and 4, respectively). Patients needed economic support the most, whereas spiritual care was least needed (n=138 [67.3%] vs. n=128 [62.1%], respectively). Conclusion: Patients who signed up for home-based cancer care services in Jinju are struggling with a financial issue and physical symptoms. A customized approach is needed to improve the quality of the home-based care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new rice variety 'Jungmo1009ho' is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with lodging tolerance and resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV) and blight bacterial disease (BLB) and good eating quality. It is developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, National Institute Crop Science, RDA in 2009. This variety was derived from a cross between 'Iksan443' with good grain quality and 'Milyang165' with lodging tolerance conducted in 1999 summer season. A promising line, YR22207- 5-3-1-3, selected by pedigree breeding method was designated as 'Yeongdeog48' in 2006. After the local adaptability test was carried out at nine locations from 2007 to 2009, 'Yeongdeog48' was released as the name of 'Jungmo1009ho' in 2009. 'Jungmo1009ho' is very short culm length as 61cm and medium-late growth duration. This variety is resistant to races, K1, K2, and K3 of bacterial blight and stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease with durable resistance, and also has tolerance to unfavorable environment such as cold and dried wind. 'Jungmo1009ho' has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly rice, and good eating quality as a result of panel test. The yield potential of 'Jungmo1009ho' in milled rice is about 5.47 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to east-south coastal cold salty wind and south mid-mountainous area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new rice variety 'Dongbo' is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with good eating quality, lodging tolerance, and resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV) and blight bacterial disease (BB). It is developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, National Institute Crop Science, RDA in 2010. This variety derived from a cross between 'Yeongdeog19' with good grain quality and wind tolerance and 'Koshihikari' with good eating quality conducted in 1996 summer. A promising line, YR18320-21-1-1-2-2-2, selected by pedigree breeding method was designated as the name of 'Yeongdeog49' in 2007. After the local adaptability test was carried out at nine locations from 2008 to 2010, 'Yeongdeog49' was released as the name of 'Dongbo' in 2010. 'Dongbo' is short culm length as 71cm and medium-growth duration. This variety is resistant to races, K1, K2, and K3 of bacterial blight and stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease with durable resistance, and also has tolerance to unfavorable environment such as cold and dried wind. 'Dongbo' has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly rice, and good eating quality as a result of panel test. The yield potential of 'Dongbo' in milled rice is about 5.71 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to middle plain, mid-west costal area, and south mid-mountainous area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new rice variety 'Jinbo' is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with good eating quality, lodging tolerance, and resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV) and bacterial blight disease (BB). It was developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2009. This variety was derived from a cross between 'Yeongdeog26' with good grain quality and wind tolerance and 'Koshihikari' with good eating quality in 1998 summer season. A promising line, YR21324-56-1-1, selected by pedigree breeding method, was designated as the name of 'Yeongdeog45' in 2005. After the local adaptability test was carried out at nine locations from 2006 to 2008, 'Yeongdeog45' was released as the name of 'Jinbo' in 2009. 'Jinbo' has short culm length as 74 cm and medium maturating growth duration. This variety is resistant to K1, K2 and K3 races of bacterial blight and stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease with durable resistance, and also it has tolerance to unfavorable environments such as cold and dried wind. 'Jinbo' has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and white belly rice, and good eating quality as a result of panel test. The yield potential of 'Jinbo' in milled rice is about 5.65 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to middle plain, mid-west costal area, east-south coastal area, and south mid-mountainous area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new commercial rice variety "Chilbo" is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with resistance to rice stripe virus and high grain quality. It was developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was derived from a cross between "Yeongdeog 26" with wind tolerance and lodging resistance and "Koshihikari" with good grain quality. A promising line, YR21324-119-3-2 was selected by a pedigree breeding method and designated as "Yeongdeog 44" in 2004. Regional adaptation yield trials were carried out at eleven locations from 2005 to 2007. As a result, "Yeongdeog 44" was released as a high yielding rice variety with high grain qualilty and virus resistance with the name of "Chilbo". It is short 76cm in culm length and has medium-late growth duration. This variety is resistant to stripe virus and middle resistant to leaf blast disease. It is also tolerant to cold, dried wind. Milled rice kernel of "Chilbo" is translucent, clear in chalkiness. Panel test proved that and it has good eating quality. Head rice ratio of Chilbo is high compared to the check variety, Hwaseongbyeo. Yield potential of "Chilbo" in milled rice is about 5.57MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This variety would be adaptable to Yeongnam plain, south & east-south coastal, south mid-mountainous, middle plain area of Korean peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]