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Purpose This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between callosal microbleeds and anoxic brain injury. Materials and Methods Twenty-seven patients with anoxic brain injuries were analyzed and retrospectively compared to the control group of patients without a history of anoxic brain injury using Fisher’s exact test regarding comorbidities and cerebral microbleeds. The patient group was subdivided according to the presence of callosal microbleeds. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the presence of typical MRI findings of anoxic brain injury, use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and prognosis. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the interval between the occurrence of anoxic brain injury to MRI acquisition. Results The prevalence of cerebral microbleeds in the patient group was 29.6%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group at 3.7% (p = 0.012). All cerebral microbleeds in the patient group were in the corpus callosum. Compared with the callosal microbleed-absent group, the callosal microbleed-present group showed a tendency of good prognosis (6/8 vs. 11/19), fewer typical MRI findings of anoxic brain injury (2/8 vs. 10/19), and more cardiopulmonary resuscitation (6/8 vs. 12/19), although these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.35, p = 0.19, and p = 0.45, respectively). Conclusion Callosal microbleeds may be an adjunctive MRI marker for anoxic brain injury.

A 27-year-old female presented with repeated seizures. As the left frontal lobe volume was enlarged in comparison with the right frontal lobe, hemimegalencephaly was suggested. Abnormal white matter fiber tracts running from the left frontal lobe to the fornix and hippocampus were found on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We performed quantitative measurements of brain volume and confirmed hemimegalencephaly. DTI and MRI-based volumetry techniques could be useful to objectively diagnose hemimegalencephaly.

Purpose: There is a relatively higher risk of peri-procedural stroke following elective stenting of patients with basilar artery (BA) occlusion compared with stenting of intracranial arteries. We sought to diagnose stroke risks in patients with BA steno-occlusive disease by describing their clinicoradiological features and by demonstrating that appropriate treatment would lead to favorable outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 92 patients who were treated from 2004 to 2016 for severe stenosis or occlusion of BA based on MR or CT angiography were enrolled in the study. We assessed clinical features, radiologic findings, and other clinical outcomes such as the degree of disability as determined by the modified Rankin Scale. Results: A total of 49 of the 92 patients (53.3%) had no relevant symptoms. The risk of a recurrent or new infarct in the relevant area was 4.59%/year. Following treatment, more than 50% of the 92 patients had favorable outcomes. A recurrent or new infarct was found in 9 (20.5%) of the 44 patients who had a poor prognosis. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to compromised circulation; however, the initial infarct (16 of 48 and 29 of 44, p = 0.002) was statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusion: Atherosclerotic BA steno-occlusion disease is associated with a relatively low risk of a recurrent or new infarct and with favorable clinical outcomes following appropriate medical treatment.

A 31-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with fever, headache, seizures and mental status changes. Brain MRI showed T2 hyperintense lesions in the cerebellum and frontal white matter and a lesion in the cerebellum exhibited hemorrhagic changes and peripheral ring enhancement. The MRI features of listerial encephalitis are difficult to differentiate from those of neuropsychiatric SLE and various other diseases. Here, we report a case of hemorrhagic listerial encephalitis in a patient with SLE.

Vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage may alter intracranial hemodynamics. We report a case which showed significant size reduction of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm after resolution of vasospasm. This case may suggest that aneurysm size can be affected by vasospasm, which is presumably related to changes in hemodynamics or spontaneous thrombosis.

Purpose To determine the normal values of the anterior atlantodental interval (AADI) and posterior atlantodental interval (PADI) on plain radiography, multidetector CT (MDCT) and MRI, as well as the dural sac width and spinal cord diameter at the atlantoaxial joint level on MRI. Materials and Methods In total, 60 subjects underwent plain radiography, MRI and MDCT. We obtained values for AADI and PADI on plain radiography, MDCT, and MRI, and for dural sac width and spinal cord diameter on MRI. Two radiologists independently measured each value and a consensus was reached. Results The average AADI was 1.5 ± 0.5 mm on plain radiography, 1.4 ± 0.3 mm on MDCT, and 1.6 ± 0.5 mm on MRI. The average PADI was 20.6 ± 2.4 mm on plain radiography, 18.0 ± 2.1 mm on MDCT, and 17.7 ± 1.9 mm on MRI. The dural sac width was 13.7 ± 1.8 mm, and the spinal cord diameter was 7.8 ± 0.7 mm. Interobserver agreement was 0.701-0.927 and intraobserver agreement was 0.681-0.937. Conclusion AADI values obtained on MDCT are significantly lower than those obtained on plain radiography or MRI. PADI values obtained on plain radiography are significantly higher than those obtained on MDCT or MRI. The dural sac width is most closely correlated with PADI values on MDCT. PADI seems to be easier to measure, more relevant, and clinically useful than AADI.

Spinal capillary hemangiomas in the epidural space are extremely rare; however, a preoperative radiological diagnosis is very important because of the risk of massive intraoperative hemorrhage. We report a case of a spinal capillary hemangioma involving the lumbar epidural and paraspinal spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]