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Objective With advancements in cardiac surgical interventions during infancy and childhood, the incidence of maternal congenital heart disease (CHD) is increasing. This retrospective study compared fetal and cardiac outcomes in women with and without CHD, along with a sub-analysis between cyanotic versus non-cyanotic defects and operated versus non-operated cases. Methods A 10-year data were retrospectively collected from pregnant women with CHD and a 1:1 ratio of pregnant women without any heart disease. Adverse fetal and cardiac outcomes were noted in both groups. Statistical significance was set at P

Objective To determine the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer (EH/EC) in low-risk premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) undergoing endometrial biopsy and to build a predictive model that includes clinical variables for predicting EH/EC in these women. Methods This retrospective study was conducted between January 2015 and March 2020. All premenopausal women aged 25 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 4.4705), age >40 years (OR, 1.14), endometrial thickness (ET) >13 mm (OR, 2.59), and hypothyroidism (OR, 1.35) were significantly associated with EH/ EC. Considering the pretest probability for an EH/EC of 4.7%, this prediction model with a likelihood ratio of 14.2% demonstrated a post-test probability of 41% in the presence of the above-mentioned variables. Conclusion The risk of EH/EC was lower in low-risk premenopausal women with AUB. However, premenopausal women with IMB aged >40 years, hypothyroidism, BMI >25 kg/m2, and thickened endometrium (ET >13 mm) are at high risk of EH/EC; therefore, endometrial biopsy should be considered early in their management plan.

Background and Objectives Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a well-established strategy for the treatment of rhinosinusitis. However, some patients do not respond to primary surgery and may require revision surgery. Anatomic alterations due to prior sinus surgery, scarring and adhesions as well as associated chronic mucosal inflammation can make revision procedures challenging. In order to shed more light on the difficulties faced by surgeons performing revision FESS, a study was performed to identify areas of recurrent disease on computed tomography in patients undergoing revision surgery, as well as to evaluate intraoperative findings during revision FESS. Materials and Method A hospital-based, interventional, non-randomized study was undertaken in 40 patients who underwent revision FESS. Multiple clinical parameters were recorded including number and type of previous surgeries, latest CT scans of the nose and paranasal sinuses, as well as intraoperative findings. Results Our findings demonstrated the diffuse nature of mucosal disease on CT in our patient population. Fibrosis and adhesion formation were the most common intraoperative findings on revision sinus surgery along with residual air cells, polypoid mucosal regrowth, and middle meatal antrostomy stenosis. Conclusion A careful evaluation of the patient is needed while contemplating revision surgery. A recent high-resolution CT scan is of paramount importance. The most common areas of disease recurrence are the ostiomeatal complex and residual ethmoids, and these areas should be given careful attention.