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Scientific papers on the history of psychiatric diagnosis presented at the 16th International Taniguchi Symposium for Comparative History of Medicine-East and West which was held in 1991 in Japan were briefly reviewed and discussions and comments interchanged in this meeting were introuduced with some personal appreciation that the meeting was excellently organized and enormously successful. Particularly, the papers of medical historians and the expert in specific area like Indian medicine from North America and Europe were highly instructive. The informal gathering in the evening had offered a fascinating original report such as an old documentary film about Imu, a Japanese culture bound syndrome. One very important point was raised in this review that the comparisons between the Medicine-East and the West, particularly the translation of the Eastern medical descriptions of mental illness into the modern Western pschiatric terms should be very cautiously carried out, because by the crude identification of one medical system with the other system the uniqueness of the illness in a specific time and in a specific place might easily be overlooked. For both Japanese and Korean traditional medicine share with Chinese traditional medicine and yet they preserve their uniqueness, a small group study for comparative East Asian medicine was suggested for the more elaborated clarification of medical terms.

Background: Recently, it was revealed that Jong-Ha Kim was the first self-employed Korean physician in Daejeon city of South Korea during the Japanese colonial period. However, little is known about him. In this paper, the author aimed to search for historical records of his activities as the first Korean physician in Daejeon city. Current Concepts: Kim's clinic in Daejeon city was called Chung-Ang Clinic. This is all that has ever been confirmed about Jong-Ha Kim. The author has been searching for his medical record for the last year. Kim's medical records were collected from journal papers on the modern history of Korea, National Institute of Korean History database, Naver news library archive, official gazette of the Japanese government-general of Korea, database of Seoul National University alumni, and a resume of a professor at the Hamhung Medical School. The results are as follows. He was born in Shinchang-ri Hamheung city Hamgyeongnam-do on August 9, 1900. He graduated from the missionary school established by Canadian missionaries and was admitted to Kyungseong (Keijo) Medical School in 1918. It was recently discovered that he participated in the Independence movement on March 1, 1919. His picture, an old leaflet for his clinic which he had used, and his resume as a professor at the Hamhung Medical School were discovered for the first time. Discussion and Conclusion: The historical records of Jong-Ha Kim's life provide insight into the lives of contemporary doctors in modern Korea. During the period of 1900 to 1950, which encompasses his historical records, significant events took place in Korean history, and he actively participated in these events. Despite facing numerous difficulties as a doctor in modern Korea, Jong-Ha Kim made decisions that had a great impact. He was a great doctor who served as a good role model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratories - whether they exist in the form of castles, university buildings, industrial factories, or cross-national structures, have attracted much attention from historians as the site of knowledge production and its material culture. What, then, can we read from architecture beyond the laboratory spaces? This paper examines how the biological concept of metabolism was adopted by a group of young Japanese architects in the 1960s, who proposed the design of a flexible and changeable building in response to the fear and anxiety as well as technological optimism and utopian rhetoric in post-World War II Japan. This paper shows that this Metabolist movement provides an insight into how to survive apocalypse and regenerate the city whilst embracing mass destruction and existential anxiety. Recently, after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake that led to the Fukushima disaster, the ideas of metabolism have surfaced with renewed urgency in the language of resilience. This paper argues that, from survival architecture promoted by the Metabolists and their followers in decades later, we can see the cultural adoption of scientific concepts in coping with existential disasters - man-made or natural - especially in the era that is now called the Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Japan introduced a system in which performance tests on all electrical characteristics can be omitted in the periodic in- spections of base stations for mobile communication. This paper analyzes the background of introducing a simplified system that enables the omission of electrical measurements and the reasons why performance tests are omitted in the periodic inspection of base stations for mobile communication in Japan. In addition, based on this analysis, the current status and problems of periodic inspections in Korea are reviewed to provide a basis for policy data for future introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan introduced the establishment fee system for specified base stations of mobile communication according to the amendment of the Radio Act(2019) and reviewed the method for evaluating the economic value of frequency in calculating standard fees for the establishment fee system. The purpose of the standard fees is to provide a standard for estimating the economic value of frequencies to assist applicants' predictability and calculating reasonable values for the assignment of frequencies(the establishment fee system for specified base stations). In this paper, contents and implications of the method for setting standard fees proposed in Japan are discussed, and the basic directions for applying the plan for the introduction of the system in Korea are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural background of users utilizing image search engines has a significant impact on the satisfaction of the search results. Therefore, it is important to analyze and understand the cultural context of images for more accurate image search. In this paper, we investigate how the cultural context of images can affect the performance of image classification. To this end, we first collected various types of images (e.g,. food, temple, etc.) with various cultural contexts (e.g., Korea, Japan, etc.) from web search engines. Afterwards, a deep transfer learning approach using VGG19 and MobileNetV2 pre-trained with ImageNet was adopted to learn the cultural features of the collected images. Through various experiments we show the performance of image classification can be differently affected according to the cultural context of images [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recently, mobile communication providers have begun to rollout nationwide 5G services in Japan. In addition to these services, the MIC(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) of Japan has reviewed and introduced the basic concepts of a local 5G service, frequency allocation, basic policy direction, and technical regulations for licensing, which can be flexibly constructed and used by various entities, according to the needs of local services and various industries. At present, the introduction of a local 5G system is under review in Korea, in response to industry demands. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a persuasive policy for planning the introduction of a 5G system in Korea by analyzing the local 5G policy directions in Japan and Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore the history of the relationships between Japan and the Pacific Island Nations in the context of its ocean policy, and to survey the current situation. Particularly, this paper inquires into how Japan's maritime policy, nuclear policy, and official development assistance policy have affected relationships with countries in this region. Firstly, this paper gives a brief overview of the socio-political situations of Pacific Island Nations. Secondly, the history of the 'Southward Advance Theory' adopted as national policy by Japan in the Meiji era is summarized. Thirdly, how Japan successfully re-entered this region despite conflicts surrounding the nuclear issue after the Second World War is explored. Lastly, this paper investigates how official development assistance and PALM (Pacific Island Leaders Meeting) helped to develop relations between Japan and the Pacific Island Nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the diplomatic strategies of Japan in engagement with two Southeast Asian nations in response to China's Foreign Policy on the Belt and Road Initiative. In particular, this paper examines how Vietnam and Myanmar, which are transition countries, utilize Chinese aid and Japan's Official Development Assistance, focusing on changes in domestic politics. We thus explore questions as to whether Vietnam and Myanmar are intensively investing in sectors directly linked to economic growth, or distributing foreign aid to the political sector necessary to build democratic institutions. We will track these developments across a timescale divided into before and after the respective transitions of economy and/or politics in both countries. This is diachronic approach enables us track differentiation in where and the ways in which foreign aid is used. As a result, Vietnam has been utilizing foreign aid toward objectives economic growth without introducing any change to the political system. Both Myanmar and Vietnam, moreover, are actively embracing foreign policy competition between China and Japan to their own respective advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]