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This paper deals with Los ríos profundos (1958) by José María Arguedas, Peruvian writer and anthropologist. This work is an autobiographical novel and a kind of Bildungsroman whose protagonist is Ernesto, a criollo boy. The main stage is Abancay, where the social structure of discrimination is solid in all spaces such as the school, the city and the hacienda, which is the origin of Ernesto's acute discord with the world. That social structure is revealed more clearly through los colonos, practically enslaved Indians. My opinion for a long time has been that the final part of the work is too utopian, in which, when typhus breaks out, los colonos of the hacienda go to the city without fears asking for mass despite the control of the soldiers. However, considering the reality of the deep Andes of that time, I changed it. Indeed, these colonos did not dare to speak or protest like the wretched of the earth despite so many inexorable exploitations. But with the typhus, they became those who know how to speak and act. According to the concepts of Nelson Maldonado-Torres, one of the important scholars of decolonialism, it can be said that the novel ends with the decolonial turn of los colonos, overcoming their condition of the coloniality of being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]