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This study identifies the success factors of the Cuban health care system centered on the relationship between the clinic and the community, in terms of the primary health care system which is community-based health care. It has been recognized that the primary health care system could be a practical approach to develop a better structure and a more functional health care system through building the community capacity. In community-based health care, the responsibility and the direct participation of people is crucial because the community empowerment leads to better health care for the people of the community, since they can take more control of local issues like health care. In this paper, we describe and define the characteristics of the relationship between the family doctors-nurses and the community members, using the method of participant observation, which is an anthropological approach. Given that Cuban health care has so far been analyzed mainly from the macro-policy perspective, the understanding of Cuba’s health care system at the community level, where the family doctor and nurse are closely connected to the local people, is a meaningful task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]