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本研究は、今後、保育現場における熱中症対策の基礎資料を得ることを目的として、暑熱環境下での保育活動について、暑さ指数（Wet Bulb Globe TemperatureWBGT）だけでなく輻射熱を考慮した活動の判断が必要であると考え、モノの表面温度に着目して観測を行った。その結果、WBGTと運動指針から導き出された判定が運動可能な判定であったとしても、実際のモノの表面温度は80℃を上回っていることが明らかとなり、暑熱環境下の屋外での活動については慎重にかつ複数の指標から総合的に検討していくことが求められる。

The surface temperature of the inner wall of Hall thruster has been studied by the theoretical model. The equation for the time evolution of the surface temperature is presented. The model includes the plasma irradiation, the energy radiation loss and the energy diffusion by the thermal conductivity. It is also considered the dependence on the temperature for the thermal conductivity. The time evolution of the surface temperature for Hall thruster is calculated by Runge-Kutta method, and the effect of the temperature dependence for the thermal conductivity is investigated.

令和3年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム（2022年1月13日-14日. オンライン開催), Space Transportation Symposium FY2021 (January 13-14, 2022. Online Meeting), 著者人数: 16名, 資料番号: SA6000173015, STCP-2021-015

In this study, the surface temperature of the eye was measured by radiation thermometer and the behavior of blink was recorded by video camera for two subjects. As the results, it was shown that the surface temperature of the eyeball decreased during opening eyes, and that the decrease reached 0.5 to 1.0 ºC. In addition, it was found that the time of closing eyes during a blink became longer when the interval of blinking was assigned to 5 or 3 seconds, which was longer than her/his natural blink interval. At the same time, the temperature of upper eyelid during closing eyes was shown to be higher than that of the eyeball, and thus the heat exchange between the eyeball and the eyelid during blink accounts for this. These results can be a basis for the quantitative evaluation of evaporation and accumulation of tears and for clarifying the indoor thermal environmental condition to prevent the sensation of dryness at the eye., 本研究では、眼の表面温度を放射温度計により非接触で測定し、ビデオ画像として記録された瞬きとの対応関係を検討した。測定は、自然な状態、瞬きを行う時間間隔を5 秒あるいは3 秒と指定する場合、眼を閉じた場合について、2 名の被験者に対して行った。実験の結果、開眼中に眼球表面温度が低下すること、その温度低下は0.5～1.0℃に達すること、閉眼時の上瞼外側表面温度が開眼時の眼球表面温度より高いこと、したがって、瞬きにより眼球が加温されていることが明らかになった。また、自然な状態より長い時間間隔で瞬きをするように指定した場合、瞬き時に眼を閉じる時間が長くなることが見出され、瞬き時の閉眼時間が、瞬き回数に加えて、眼の状態を把握する指標となり得ることを示唆した。これらの実験結果は、涙の蒸発量や蓄積量を評価し、眼の乾燥感が生じない室内温熱環境条件を明らかにする目的に活用できるものと考えられる。

Humidity controlled warm air treatment is a method to disinfest insects in wood and other organic materials used for historical buildings and/or art works.The infested object is warmed with humidity controlled air until its temperature reaches higher than 55°C and kept in this condition for several hours. In the present study,a 300 mm cube block of keyaki (Zelkova serrata),one side surface of which is uncovered and the others covered with Japanese lacquer ”urushi”layer was treated according to a pre-set program of the warm air treatment in an environmental chamber. Temperature and strain on the surfaces with and without urushi layer were measured using thermocouples and strain gauges,respectively.The measured strains were compared with theoretically calculated strains,based on the linear coefficient of expansion and the shrinkage rate for a change in moisture content for wood. Tensile or compression strains were observed perpendicular or parallel to wood grain, respectively. Absolute values of measured strains increased with increase in temperature and diminished as temperature decreased.Maximum tensile strains were 1200-1600 μεfor both wood and urushi surfaces, and these values were four or five times larger than the maximum absolute values of compression strains. These maximum strains were approximately one-third of annual strain changes measured on parts in traditional wooden buildings.The measured strain was divided into two components caused by temperature change and by moisture content change.The former was the value of strain gauge attached on the surface and covered with aluminum foil for moisture isolation.The latter was obtained by substituting the temperature-caused strain from the strain without foil. The temperaturecaused strain was as similar as the theoretically calculated strain.The MC change-caused strain was significantly smaller than the theoretically calculated strain,even if the humidity condition was set to change the MC of 1.5%.The study suggests that the strain caused by MC change could be kept at smaller levels for both surfaces when temperature and humidity are controlled appropriately.

Many methods for dental treatment using heat produced by laser irradiation have been developed. It is necessary to determine the surface temperature of the laser-irradiated area to elucidate the mechanism of enamel removal by laser irradiation. In this study, the surface temperature of human enamel during CO2 laser irradiation was measured by two-color pyrometry. In addition, acoustic emission occurring inside the tooth during laser irradiation was also measured. The results indicated that the surface temperature increased with increasing laser energy. In addition, acoustic emission occurred when the enamel surface was removed, and the removal volume increased with increasing number of acoustic emission signals. 歯科医療の分野では，主にレーザ照射に起因して生じる熱を利用して歯質除去などの治療が行われる．そのため，レーザ照射による歯質の除去メカ二ズムを解明する上で，照射部の温度は重要な要素である．本研究では，ファイバ導光型赤外線輻射温度計を用いて，CO2レーザ照射中のエナメル質表面温度を測定した．また，エナメル質内部に発生するAE波を同時に測定し，温度と併せてエナメル質の除去機構を検討した．その結果，エナメル質表面の温度はレーザエネルギの増加にともない上昇した．また，エナメル質の除去に対応してAE波が発生し，AE波の発生回数が増えると除去体積が線形的に増加することがわかった．

application/pdf, Illuminated intensity, amount of electric consumption and surface temperature for fluorescent lights of LED were measured. The experimental apparatus was set up in a darkroom of KAIT. Comparing results of usual lights and LED, the average of illuminated intensity for LED was brighter than that for usual, and the amount of electric consumption was less than that of usual. Furthermore, for the comparison of the surface temperature, LED was lower than usual. These results enable that LED is useful to saving air-conditioning electric energy in cooling.

Investigation of mechanisms in nucleate boiling under microgravity condition is essential for the development of high efficiency thermal management systems in space. A transparent heating surface with multiple arrays of 88 thin film temperature sensors and mini-heaters was developed for the clarification of boiling heat transfer mechanisms in microgravity through the investigation of the relation between local heat transfer coefficients and behaviors of liquid microlayer underneath vapor bubbles. Pool boiling experiments in microgravity by ESA parabolic flight campaign are planned using the heating surface developed. A description of the experimental setup, methods, conditions and the expected results in the aircraft experiments are presented., 資料番号: AA0063706050

In this research, relationship between albedo and surface temperature of outdoor sport surfaces in Biwako Seikei Sport College were basically investigated. The artificial turf, the natural turf, the all weather track, the clay track, and the artificial sand turf were selected as the outdoor sport surfaces. The relative standard deviations of repetition（n=5）in measuring albedo, were 1.0%, 0.2%. 0.2%, 0.2%, and 0.2% for the above outdoor sport surfaces, respectively. The relative standard deviations of different sites（n=5）in measuring albedo at the same outdoor sport surface, were 5.8%, 1.2%. 0.7%, 1.4%, and 1.2% for the above outdoor sport surfaces, respectively. The large value of ５.８% for the artificial turf seems to be due to less uniformity compared to the other outdoor sport surfaces. There was negative correlation between the albedos and the surface temperatures of the outdoor sport surfaces. The correlation coefficient was -0.775. In the case of the all weather track painted with different colors, the correlation coefficient was -0.985. According to the above results, the surface temperatures among different color surfaces of the same material would be forecasted in high precision by the albedo.

Fundamental studies have been initiated to develop the experimental system to investigate the effects of space environment on vegetative and reproductive growth of plants in their life cycles. In this study, thermal situation of plant reproductive organs as affected by illumination and air movement was accessed on the earth. Thermal images of reproductive organs of rice and strawberry were captured using infrared thermography at air temperatures of 10 to 11 C. Temperatures of petals, stigmata and anthers of strawberry increased by 24, 22 and 14 C, respectively, after lighting at an irradiance of 40 W/sq m under incandescent lamps. Temperatures of reproductive organs and leaves of strawberry were significantly higher than those of rice. The temperatures in petals, stigmata, anthers and leaves of strawberry decreased by 12.8, 11.9, 13.1 and 14.1 C, respectively, when the air velocity increased from 0.1 to 1.0 m/s. Air movement was essential to reduce the temperatures of plant reproductive organs in closed plant growth facilities., 資料番号: AA0063349109

This paper reports on the results of summertime thermal/luminous environmental measure ments of a glass construction, Onish Multipurpose Hall Chapter 2 reports on the outline of thermal environmental measurement and PMV calculation of the gymnasium and the multipurpose hall during summer. The gym and the hall are laid half-underground, the ceiling height of the gym is 7340-8200 mm, and that of the hall is 5780-6333 mm. In the gym, room temperature difference between the floor and ceiling was 6℃, and in the multipurpose hall it was 12-13℃ when the air-conditioner was used. Due to its height heat was collected in the vicinity of its ceiling. PMV was 2 to 3 degrees in the gym. In the multipurpose hall the comfort was kept with PMV 0 to 1 degree when the air conditioner was used. When the amount of clothing changed 0 to 1 clo, PMV in the gym was around 1 degree at 0.25 clo. Therefrom the PMV value showed little difference as the amount of clothing increased. The multipurpose hall was found to be comparatively comfortable regardless of the amount of clothing when air-conditioned. Chapter 3 reports on the air-conditioning system and the field test of thermal/luminous environment mainly for the foyer. It is a social hall mainly for adults, placed in the northwest corner of this building. It has playing equipment for elementary school and kindergarten children and is also used by neighboring children. Chapter 4 mainly summarizes the luminous environment of this building during summer. The floor of the gymnasium is laid underground but the accompanying gallery which is the viewing space is on the first floor level. With single plate glass for all the walls of this gallery, natural lighting is effectively used. The optical environment referring both to illumination and luminosity was evaluated. Further measurement results during winter will be reported on.

An integrated numerical method to obtain thermal response of ablator under aerodynamic heating environment is briefly described. In this method, a two-dimensional thermal response analysis code, namely SCMA2, is loosely coupled with a thermochemical nonequilibrium CFD code. The method is applied to reproduce the thermal response of ablator obtained by the heating tests conducted in the 1 MW arc-jet wind tunnel facility at ISAS/JAXA. Surface temperature, heat flux variation and surface shape change of the ablative test piece under arc-jet flow condition are calculated by the integrated code. These obtained results are compared with those given by one-dimensional SCMA code, and also with the experimental data for the purpose of validation. As to the comparison of calculated surface temperature with experimental data, quantitative agreement is yet to be accomplished because of the uncertainties in freestream conditions and material surface conditions. However, obtained results show that the present coupled approach is still available to predict the thickness of ablator required for space vehicles in future missions., 資料番号: AA0049212014, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-05-017

臨床や家庭で多く使用されている3種類の湯たんぽ(ゴム製、プラスチック製、金属製湯たんぽ)について、湯温の違いによる湯たんぽの表面温度の経時的変化から安全性の検討を行った。その結果、ゴム製湯たんぽは、ネルカバーを掛けた場合には湯温50℃で、パスタオルで3層に巻いた場合には湯温55℃で安全性が確認された。蓋付きのプラスチック製湯たんぽは、湯温60℃で安全であると思われたが、80℃の湯温では低温熱傷を起こす可能性が示唆された。市販のネルカバーで覆った金属製湯たんぽは容量が2000cc、湯温60℃の場合でも低温熱傷を生じる危険性が高く、3種類の湯たんぽのなかで使用に際しては最も注意が必要である。, This experimental study was performed to examine the safety of three types of hot-water bottles commonly used in hospitals and at home: rubber, plastic, and metal hot-water bottles in relation to temperature changes of the water. As a result of this study, the rubber hot-water bottle was confirmed to be safe when covered with flannel and the temperature of hot water was 50℃, or when it was wrapped in three bath towels, one over the other, with the temperature of hot water at 55℃. The capped plastic hot-water bottle was considered to be safe at 60℃, but there was apossibility that a moderate temperature burn might be caused at 80℃. The commercial, flannel covered, metal hot-water bottle with a capacity of 2,OOOcc was at great risk of a moderate temperature burn even at 60oC. It was found that the metal hot-water bottle was the most dangerous of the three types of hot-water bottles.

イタリアに建設された世界最大のアーク加熱風洞SCIROCCOを用いて再突入実験機HYFLEXのノーズ部分の形状模型を用い、気流特性、加熱特性を把握するため種々の条件で加熱試験を行った。実機はカーボンカーボン製であるが、本試験の供試体の耐熱材にはセラミックタイルを用いた。底面直径80cmの供試体に対して、ほぼ予定通りの加熱が実施でき、気流条件、表面圧力、表面温度などのデータをほぼ正常に取得できた。本稿では、これらの試験結果について報告し、SCIROCCO風洞を用いた大型部品のアーク風洞試験について実施上の留意点について検討する。, 資料番号: AA0047118033

Transition mechanism to oscillatory thermocapillary flow of high Prandtl number fluid, which still remains open, has been studied in a liquid bridge configuration. In this proposal, dynamic surface deformation (DSD) effects in the transition are focused on and some experiments are conducted using large liquid bridges in which a long duration microgravity environment is indispensable for doing them. Amplitude of DSD, critical temperature difference, surface temperature field, and flow field will be precisely measured near the onset point. The obtained data will be compared with prediction by a physical model of the oscillation mechanism including DSD and validity of the model will be clearly shown., 資料番号: AA0046917052

NOAA/AVHRRを用いて地表面温度を算出する赤外スプリットウィンドウ法をGMS/VISSRに適用し，チベット高原上の地表面温度を算出した．地表面温度の算出に必要な大気の透過率は放射伝達モデルを用いて，可降水量は水蒸気チャンネルの輝度温度からそれぞれ回帰的に求めた．正確な地表面温度の算出には雲領域を適確に除去する必要がある．赤外チャンネルの輝度温度を用いた変動閾値法により，従来の固定閾値法に比べて効果的に雲領域を検出することができた．その結果，地上観測値との相関係数が0.8以上，平均誤差10Kで地表面温度を算出することができた．, GMS/VISSR images have been used to estimate the land surface temperature distribution over the TibetanPlateau. The infrared split-window algorithm is used with some modifications to obtain surface temperaturesfrom NOAA/AVHRR measurements. Radiative transfer simulations are carried out to obtain the atmospherictransmittances and the difference temperatures that are involved in the internal coefficients of the split-windowalgorithm. Precipitable water distribution that is required by this algorithm is estimated from 6.7 m brightnesstemperature utilizing spectral characteristics of GMS water vapor channel.Cloud removal has an important part to play in surface temperature retrieval process. To identify convectivecloud activity, many researchers use satellite infrared measurements with the fixed threshold technique. But inthis study, it is necessary to remove not only convective clouds but also all kind of clouds. For this purpose, thevariable threshold technique is proposed. The threshold varies dependently on both seasonal and diurnal, and itsvalue is determined on the basis of surface observation. As a result of adoption this technique, it becomes possibleto remove relatively warmer clouds in summer and detect colder ground surface in winter nighttime.The results of comparing estimated surface temperature from GMS data using this algorithm with in-situ surfacemeasurements shows high correlation coefficient, it is nearly 0.8 or over.

資料番号: AA0045913032

Micrometeorological observations including turbulent fluxes and canopy surface temperatures were made in paddy in the summer of 1997. The sensible and latent heat fluxes were estimated by the gradient method under the assumption of similarity between the turbulent exchange coefficient for momentum and that for heat and water vapor. The surface temperatures measured by a thermal imager and water vapor pressures estimated from surface temperatures and relative humidity were used for temperature and water vapor at the height(d+z0) of U=0, where d is the displacement height, z0 the roughness length and U the mean wind velocity. The sensible and latent heat fluxes estimated by the gradient method depicted typical diurnal varietions. The turbulent fluxes by the present method and eddy correlation method showed fairly good agreement, especially for latent heat fluxes. These results confirmed that this method is a promising one., 1997年夏季にイネ群落で、微細気象観測とともに、イネ群落の表面温度の測定を行った。得られた観測資料とイネ群落表面温度を用いてイネ群落上の乱流輸送量の推定を行った。結果は以下のように要約される。イネ群落上では、ほぼ全期間に亘って中立に近い安定な温度成層を形成し、日中には顕熱輸送量に比較して潜熱輸送量が格段に大きかった。熱映像温度計で測定されたイネ群落の表面温度から、群落上の顕熱輸送量と、植物の蒸散量と密接に関係する群落上の潜熱輸送量の推定を試みた。渦相関法で計算された顕熱輸送量とイネ群落表面温度から計算された顕熱輸送量と比較した。データのばらつきは大きいが、相関係数（R）の値は、0.79で、ほぼ1対1に対応していることが分かった。またイネ群落の表面で、水蒸気圧が飽和していると仮定し、イネ群落表面温度から、潜熱輸送量を推定すると、渦相関法で計算された潜熱輸送量よりも日中に2倍以上も過大評価されることが分かった。イネ群落直上で実測された水蒸気圧から、イネ群落表面の位置に相当する比湿を推定し、傾度法を用いて計算された潜熱輸送量が、渦相関法で得られた潜熱輸送量に、ほぼ1対1の対応をすることが分かった。また両者の間には、0.98と非常に高い相関関係が得られた。ここで行った計算には、尚幾つかの仮定が含まれているが、イネ群落の表面温度を用いて、顕熱、潜熱輸送量を推定する新たな評価法の一つとして今後利用できると期待される。

We focus on the dynamic Particle Accumulation Structure (PAS) due to thermocapillary effect in a half-zone liquid bridge. In present study, we analyzed effects of liquid-bridge shape described by its volume ratio upon shape of the PAS itself and motion of particle on the PAS by tracking particles in the liquid bridge and by measuring temperature on the free surface. It is found that the variation of the liquid-bridge volume ratio leads to a significant variation of the temperature gradient on the free surface, which results in difference of the shape of the PAS. By considering the particle motion as simply modeled motion, we explained that the variation of the PAS shape is determined by drastic change of the axial velocity of the particle., 資料番号: AA0063706037

航空宇宙技術研究所 12-13 Jun. 1997 東京 日本, National Aerospace Laboratory 12-13 Jun. 1997 Tokyo Japan, 1996年2月12日、HYFLEX(極超音速飛行実験)を首尾よく実施した。空気動力学、熱防護システムなどに関する種々の極超音速打上飛行データを、飛行中に取得した。本報告は、HYFLEX再突入飛行での熱空力環境をより完全にシミュレートするために、ナビエ・ストークスCFD(数値流体力学)コードとFEM(有限要素法)熱応答解析とを組み合わせた。数値計算を飛行軌道に沿って行った。この数値シミュレーション結果を表面圧力および温度測定の飛行データと比較した。この組み合わせシミュレーション法により、空力特性と空力加熱の飛行データが良くシミュレートされることを立証した。, HYFLEX (Hypersonic Flight Experiment) was successfully conducted on Feb. 12, 1996. Various hypersonic lifting flight data on aerodynamics, thermal protection system etc., were acquired during the flight. In this paper, Navier-Stokes CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code and FEM (Finite Element Method) thermal response analysis are coupled in order to simulate more completely the aerothermal environments of HYFLEX re-entry flight. Numerical computations are made along the flight trajectory. The results of the present numerical simulation are compared with the flight data of surface pressure and temperature measurements. It is demonstrated that the flight data of aerodynamic characteristics and aerothermodynamic heating can be well simulated by the present coupling simulation technique., 資料番号: AA0001433018, レポート番号: NAL SP-37

航空宇宙技術研究所 12-13 Jun. 1997 東京 日本, National Aerospace Laboratory 12-13 Jun. 1997 Tokyo Japan, HYFLEX(極超音速飛行実験)機のセラミックタイル領域における空力加熱を測定し、風洞試験結果と比較した。地上ランプ加熱試験で作成した熱モデルを仮定して、セラミックタイルの表面温度履歴から、飛行中の空力加熱率を推算した。境界層遷移を風上側で観測すると、遷移位置が数秒間でx/L(位置/機体長)の約30%前方に移動した。主流のレイノルズ数がほとんど一定であるにも拘わらず、遷移域点で再層流化が観測されるのは興味深い。Pollの判定基準による遷移付近の局所流れ条件を比較し、表面粗さを考慮すれば条件が妥当なことを示した。また、遷移前および再層流化後の加熱率は、比較的低いレイノルズ数での風洞試験データと一致した。, Aerodynamic heating in the ceramic tile region of HYFLEX (Hypersonic Flight Experiment) is measured for comparison with wind tunnel test results. Aerodynamic heating rate in the flight were reduced from time history of surface temperature of ceramic tile assuming thermal model constructed from ground lamp heating test. Boundary layer transition was observed in windward side and the position of transition moves forward within several seconds to about 30 percent of x/L. It is interesting that re-laminarization were observed at point of the transited area in spite of almost constant free stream Reynolds number. Comparison of local flow condition around the transition with Poll's criterion were made and the results showed that the condition is reasonable considering surface roughness. Also, heating rate before transition and after re-laminarization agrees with the data from wind tunnel test at relatively low Reynolds number., 資料番号: AA0001433017, レポート番号: NAL SP-37

本研究は寒冷期と通常期に3種類の初転圧用ローラーを用いた場合におけるアスファルト舗装の温度と空げき率について検討を行ったものである。また，施工面を加熱した場合と常温切削した場合についても同様の検討を加えた。実験の結果，空げき率は施工面の温度に著しく依存し，寒冷期施工のアスファルト混合物は通常期のそれと比較して空げき率が大きいこと，また転圧機械の種類，施工面の凹凸形状，施工厚さや配合によっても空げき率とその深さ方向の分布は異なることが明らかにされた。, This paper describes temperatures and void ratios of asphaltic layers constructed using three roller types in cold and ordinary seasons, and the effects of heating and cold cutting of the surfaces in lower layers. The following conclusions were obtained: The void ratios of asphaltic layers constructed in cold season were larger than those of layers constructed in ordinary season due to the effect of temperatures in the lower layers. The void ratios and their vertical distributions of asphaltic mixtures were influenced by roller types, roughness of the surfaces in the lower layers, gradation and thickness of the mixtures.

JAXA1.27m極超音速風洞では赤外線サーモグラフィーを用いて空力加熱率分布の測定を行っている。AGEMA社製LW900型の赤外線カメラを3台使用し、模型全体の加熱率分布を同時に計測できる技術を確立した。赤外線サーモグラフィー法の測定精度を確認するため、半球標準模型試験および平板ランプ模型試験を行った。半球標準模型試験は、半径0.05mの半球模型を用い、よどみ点の加熱率をSagnierらの推定値と比較し±5％程度の誤差で測定できた。模型の大きさによる測定誤差を調べるため、半径0.04m、0.03m、0.02m、0.01m、0.005mの半球模型と半径0.0075m、0.005m、0.0025mの鈍頭平板模型を用い、曲率半径の影響を調べた。半球模型で0.01m、鈍頭平板模型で0.005mまでは上記推定値と比較して±10％程度の誤差で測定できた。平板ランプ模型試験では同軸熱電対法と赤外線サーモグラフィー法を同形状の模型で実施し、両測定法の相違を測定した。模型先端部の曲率の変化によりランプ部の加熱率が大きく変化するが、両者による測定結果はよく一致していることを確認した。赤外線サーモグラフィー法の測定誤差要因を項目ごとに整理し誤差を見積もった。その結果、曲率半径の小さな部位や角は除き、総合的な測定精度として±10％以内の誤差で測定できることがわかった。, In the 1.27 m hypersonic wind tunnel, we have developed an Infrared (IR) thermography technology to measure heat transfer distribution on a model using three IR cameras of AGEMA LW900. In order to verify the technology we conducted two wind tunnel tests: a hemisphere standard model test and a flat plate ramp model test. In the hemisphere standard model test, we confirmed that the heat transfer at a stagnation on a hemisphere of 0.05 m in radius can be measured within an error of 5 percent by comparing the result with the Sagnier estimate. We investigated the effect of model size on measurement accuracy by testing several sizes of hemisphere and blunt-edge models, and confirmed that the models of hemisphere radius of more than 0.01 m and the blunt-edge radius of more than 0.005 m can be measured within an error of 10 percent. In the flat plate ramp model test, we compared the IR thermography method with a method of using co-axial thermocouples. The results of the two methods agreed very well. We analyzed error sources that affect the IR thermography and confirmed that the accuracy within +/- 10 percent is retained except regions of sharp corners., 資料番号: AA0063460000, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-06-026

タービン翼の冷却研究目的で、フィルム冷却、インピンジメント冷却の基礎実験、および、それら組み合わせた複合冷却の実験を実施した。実験は673Kの燃焼ガスに対し室温の冷却空気を使用し、試験体表面の温度計測は赤外線カメラによって行った。これら、基礎的な実験データはCFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)などの解析へ利用することを念頭においており、本報告では、基本的な各冷却構造の試験結果、各冷却構造を組み合わせた複合冷却の基礎試験結果を述べる。さらに、簡単な熱伝導解析を行い、実験結果による冷却性能の予測改善を行った。, Experimental study of film cooling, impingement cooling and integrated cooling were carried out with the aim of applying them to turbine cooling. The experiments were conducted with 673 K hot gas flow and room temperature cooling air. Test plate surface temperature distributions were measured with an infrared camera. This report presents fundamental research data on cooling performance of the test plates for the validation of numerical simulation. Moreover, simplify heat transfer calculations were executed and were evaluated by the experimental measurements., 資料番号: AA0063461000, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-06-027

1.27m極超音速風洞の気流品質確認の一環としてマッハ数校正試験と並行して気流傾角分布測定試験を1999年6月から2000年7月にかけて実施した。表面4点に圧力孔を有し、差圧を検出することで縦横の気流傾角を同時に測定できる円錐プローブ7個を持つ気流傾角レークを適用して試験を効率的に行った。風洞よどみ点温度は800度Cとし、風洞よどみ点圧力は2.5MPa、4MPa、6MPaの3点で試験を実施した。測定範囲については、水平面および鉛直面分布は風洞軸を中心とする幅0.72mをノズル出口から下流0.9mまでを、気流断面分布は風洞軸を中心とする幅0.72m×高さ0.6mを気流方向3箇所で測定した。試験は、気流傾角プローブの校正、傾角プローブ支持部熱変形補正量の取得を行った後、気流傾角分布測定を行った。その結果、風洞中心軸上では、平均して0.05度程度の右下から吹き上がりぎみの気流傾角を持ち、一様流コア全域の気流傾角は最大絶対値で0.2度、平均値で±0.02度以内、95％不確かさ値は±0.13〜0.20度程度であることがわかった。高圧高温配管の熱膨張による気流方向の変動は微小であった。, A series of wind tunnel tests were conducted from June 1999 to July 2000 in the JAXA 1.27 m hypersonic wind tunnel to measure flow angle distribution in the core region. To measure the flow angle, a rake equipped with seven cone-shape probes was used. The probes, which has four circumferentially, equally spaced pressure orifices on the surface, are able to measure flow angles in the vertical and horizontal planes simultaneously. The tests were conducted at a stagnation temperature of 800 C and stagnation pressures of 2.5, 4, and 6 MPa. First, sensitivities for the probe sensors and the deformation effect on the rake caused by aerodynamic heating were investigated. Then, flow distributions were obtained on the horizontal and vertical planes, 0.72 m wide and 0.9 m in length. Cross-sectional distributions 0.72 m wide and 0.6 m high were obtained at three stream-wise positions. The average flow angle in the core region is less than 0.02 degrees and the uncertainty with a 95 percent confidence level is 0.13-0.2 degrees. Effect on the flow angle variation by extension of the high-pressure-high-temperature tube was not significant., 資料番号: AA0063453000, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-06-006

A fundamental study was conducted to develop the experimental system to investigate the effects of space environment on vegetative and reproductive growth of plants in their life cycles. In this study, the thermal situation of the plant reproductive organs as affected by gravity levels was determined. Effects of gravity levels of 0.01, 1.0 and 2.0 g for 20 seconds each during parabolic airplane flights was investigated in order to make an estimation of temperature increases in the reproductive organs in closed plant growth facilities under microgravity in space., 資料番号: AA0063706086

VI-11, ノート

近年における野生動物自動撮影カメラの大部分は,焦電型センサーを用いており,背景温度と対象動物の体表温度との温度差を検知して作動する。本研究の目的は,背景温度と動物体表温度が動物の検知率に与える影響を明らかにすることである。実験には3機種のカメラ(FieldNote Duo,LtlAcorn5210およびTrophyCam Basic Model)を用い,表面温度38℃の被写体の検知率をさまざまな背景温度のもとで調べるとともに,数種類の鳥獣の体表温度を異なる気温条件で調べた。センサーカメラの検知率は,対象動物と背景温度の差が6℃以下になると低下しはじめた。背景温度としての地温が高くなる夏季の昼間には,野外でこのような状況が生じる可能性がある。動物の体表温度は顔面部分では高い値を示したが,胴体部分では毛皮や羽毛の断熱効果によって背景温度と変わらぬ低い値を示すことも多かった。そのため,撮影範囲に胴体部分しか写らないような状況では,夏季以外の季節にも動物を検知できない場合があると予想される。, Detection rates of pyroelectric-sensor-type trail cameras (FieldNote Duo, LtlAcorn5210 and TrophyCam Basic Model) were measured under the different background temperatures. Surface temperatures of some mammals and birds were also measured. Detection rates started to drop when the difference between background and object surface temperatures became 6℃ or less. In the fields of Japan, such situations are foreseen during the summer daytime when background ground temperature becomes high. Because of insulation effects of bodily furs and feathers, body trunk surface temperatures were sometimes as low as ambient temperatures. But face surface temperatures were not much different from deep body temperature. This suggests that, even in other seasons, trail cameras may fail to operate in such cases when animals came into the field without showing their faces.