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アクチュエータやセンサに用いられる圧電バイモルフは，通常，薄く，かつ，電極やシム材といった導体が挿入されている．ゆえに，本研究では，導体層を有する薄い圧電バイモルフを対象とする．ソリッド要素は厚さ方向の任意の電位分布を表現することに適している．一方，シェル要素は薄い構造の解析に適している．ゆえに，ソリッド要素とシェル要素を，それぞれ，圧電解析と逆圧電解析に用い，それらを連成させるために，シェル要素とソリッド要素の間での変数変換を組み込んだブロックガウスザイデル法を用いる．導体層を有する圧電バイモルフを評価するために，逆圧電解析において，曲げ剛性と質量に対する材料の複合則を用い，圧電解析において，既存のプログラムを直接的に再利用可能な導体層の疑似圧電体評価法を提案する．構築した解析手法により，導体層を有する薄い圧電バイモルフのアクチュエータモード，および，センサーモードにおいて，従来の方法では困難な複雑な電位分布を正確に表現できて，従来の方法よりも効率的に解析できることを示す．, Piezoelectric bimorph for actuators and sensors is usually thin and includes conductor layers such as the electrode and the shim plate. Therefore, this study deals with the coupled piezoelectric and inverse-piezoelectric analysis of thin piezoelectric bimorph with the conductor layers. Solid elements can describe the various types of distributions of electric potential along the thickness, while shell elements are more appropriate to analyze the thin structures. Therefore, instead of using piezoelectric solid elements or piezoelectric shell elements for both the piezoelectric and inverse-piezoelectric analyses, the solid and shell elements are used to simulate the electrical and structural fields, respectively. The coupled algorithm is based on the block Gauss-Seidel method and the transformation method between the solid and shell variables. In the structural analysis, the rule of mixtures for the bending rigidity and the mass is used. A pseudo-piezoelectric evaluation method for the conductor is proposed in order to use the existing programs for the piezoelectric and inverse-piezoelectric analyses without any modification. Finally, it is demonstrated that the proposed method shows very accurate potential distributions in the actuator and sensor modes of the thin piezoelectric bimorph with the conductor layers.

現代の子供たちにとっては本物の自然物より人工的に作られた物の方が身近である場合が多い。そのような生き物の一つである「ウサギ」を手がかりに,子供たちが自然物の観察にどのような傾向を示し,学年上昇とともにどのような傾向を示すかについて分析し,造形教育方法の検証の試みとして位置づけようとした。大学と附属小・中学校との連携によって,複数学年にわたり同一の条件で同様の制作活動を実施し,出来上がった作品と対峙する中でいくつかの特徴的パターンを発見し分類を行った。立体造形に於ける造形能力の検証文献を参考としながらも,今回の検証事項を観察力の深まりや描写力の成長過程とせず,観察造形から読みとれる児童生徒と現実の形態との距離感を汲み取ることとし,キャラクターやマスコットに象徴される単純化された造形物の影響にも注目しながら,年齢の上昇・作品の変化の相関から傾向と問題点を絞り込もうとした。その結果学年進行とともに見られる2つの傾向に注目することとなった。

現代の子供たちにとっては本物の自然物より人工的に作られた物の方が身近である場合が多い。そのような生き物の一つである「ウサギ」を手がかりに,子供たちが自然物の観察にどのような傾向を示し,学年上昇とともにどのような傾向を示すかについて分析し,造形教育方法の検証の試みとして位置づけようとした。大学と附属小・中学校との連携によって,複数学年にわたり同一の条件で同様の制作活動を実施し,出来上がった作品と対峙する中でいくつかの特徴的パターンを発見し分類を行った。立体造形に於ける造形能力の検証文献を参考としながらも,今回の検証事項を観察力の深まりや描写力の成長過程とせず,観察造形から読みとれる児童生徒と現実の形態との距離感を汲み取ることとし,キャラクターやマスコットに象徴される単純化された造形物の影響にも注目しながら,年齢の上昇・作品の変化の相関から傾向と問題点を絞り込もうとした。その結果学年進行とともに見られる2つの傾向に注目することとなった。

An attempt was made to clarify Plato's view of soma by considering the fundamental characteristics of soma in Plato's philosophy. The concept of soma had extensive ramifications in classical Greek, denoting not only the human body but also the elemental bodies (fire, water, air, earth), the corpse, the cosmic body, the celestial body, the animal body and so on, and Plato's view of the human body also included many background factors. According to Laws, one of Plato's later works, soma had three common characteristics: spaciality, movability and sensibility, and it took on an aspect different from the present-day concept of the body. Firstly, the spaciality of soma is the likeness of Form, which is copied into chora (the place of plenum), and it is a solid, which is geometrically formed by following Form. Secondly, the movability of soma is originally motion by others or disorderly and dotted linear motion, which is necessarily caused by accidental collision between particles; however, in connection with Soul and Reason, it becomes autonomical and orderly circular motion. Thirdly, the sensibility of soma is pathema (accidental affection), which is based on multiplicity in the geometrical structures of particles. Pathema injures Soul and soma when it is left to Chance and Ignorance, but in the control of Reason it contributes to the realization of good and the restoration of order. Since soma, which has close connections to Soul, Reason and Form, is represented as such a subordinate and necessarily conditional existence in Plato's philosophy, the human body, which is also called soma, should be considered on the basis of the above-mentioned fundamental characteristics., 平成16年度日本体育学会奨励賞および第18回筑波大学河本体育科学研究奨励賞受賞論文, Japan J. Phys. Educ. Hlth. Sport Sci. 48: 555-572, September, 2003

An attempt was made to clarify Plato's view of soma by considering the fundamental characteristics of soma in Plato's philosophy. The concept of soma had extensive ramifications in classical Greek, denoting not only the human body but also the elemental bodies (fire, water, air, earth), the corpse, the cosmic body, the celestial body, the animal body and so on, and Plato's view of the human body also included many background factors. According to Laws, one of Plato's later works, soma had three common characteristics: spaciality, movability and sensibility, and it took on an aspect different from the present-day concept of the body. Firstly, the spaciality of soma is the likeness of Form, which is copied into chora (the place of plenum), and it is a solid, which is geometrically formed by following Form. Secondly, the movability of soma is originally motion by others or disorderly and dotted linear motion, which is necessarily caused by accidental collision between particles; however, in connection with Soul and Reason, it becomes autonomical and orderly circular motion. Thirdly, the sensibility of soma is pathema (accidental affection), which is based on multiplicity in the geometrical structures of particles. Pathema injures Soul and soma when it is left to Chance and Ignorance, but in the control of Reason it contributes to the realization of good and the restoration of order. Since soma, which has close connections to Soul, Reason and Form, is represented as such a subordinate and necessarily conditional existence in Plato's philosophy, the human body, which is also called soma, should be considered on the basis of the above-mentioned fundamental characteristics., 平成16年度日本体育学会奨励賞および第18回筑波大学河本体育科学研究奨励賞受賞論文, Japan J. Phys. Educ. Hlth. Sport Sci. 48: 555-572, September, 2003

資料番号: AA0045918013

Since solid 4He is grown from the superfluid, its growth rate becomes enormously high in the low temperatures. So the equilibrium crystal shape becomes very sensitive to the gravity in the low temperatures. The true shape can be obtained only under the microgravity. The physics, such as the roughening transition, should be studied under the microgravity. The present study is the ground-based research aimed at the experiment in the space. As the first step, we are planning to the experiment on the jet plane., 資料番号: AA0063706031

Since solid He-4 is grown in the superfluid, its growth rate becomes enormously high at low temperature. So the equilibrium crystal shape is sensitive to the gravity. The true shape or the physics should be studied under the microgravity environment. The present study is the basic research aimed at the experiment in the space. The main result presented here is the very fast growth rate of the c-face of solid He-4 studied by the acoustic wave. The new mechanism of the facet growth is applied to the experimental result of Helium., 資料番号: AA0063349065