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According to changes in social environment, practicing regional psychological assistance should be extended to nationwide contribution for people’s mental health enhancement. In response to the changes, the author reports the details of the 2017 coursework "Studies School Mental Health" at graduate school. As the unique practice of this university, graduate students training for psychological experts at elementary and secondary school education cultivate practical skills for mental health literacy education with school teachers based on a theoretical framework.

小学生がどのような不安・ストレスを抱いているか知る目的で平成7年9月に西宮市において質問紙表によるアンケート調査を行った。また, この不安・ストレスに対する環境要因の及ぼしている作用を知るために, 同市内の阪神大震災の被災地と非被災地間での不安・ストレスの比較検討を行った。この不安・ストレスの量的な分布を男女別, 学年別, 被災地, 非被災地別に比較検討したが有意差は見られなかった。低学年では不安・ストレススコアで低値を示した生徒が多かったのに対し, 3年生以上では17点のスコアを示す生徒が最頻であった。また各項目で〇をつけた生徒がどれくらいいるかを示す項目別頻度についても同様に差異は見られなかった。被災地, 非被災地とも低学年では身体的不安, 親が自分のことを怒っていないかなどの不安を示す項目が上位となり, 高学年では他者との比較, 成績や将来への不安を示す項目や, 禁止された事をやった後悔の項目が上位となった。男子では将来や勉学への不安が高頻度だったが, 女子では周囲からの評価や暗やみや夜への不安が高頻度だった。高不安・ストレススコアを示す生徒 (高不安・ストレス群) については, 男女とも低学年では「人に言えない, 怖い事が沢山ある」が高頻度だった。これに対して3, 4年生男子では傷つき易さが, 女子では暗やみへの不安が高頻度であった。5, 6年生では男女とも将来や他者からの評価への不安が高頻度であった。各項目間の関連性を調べるため項目のクラスター分析を行った。男女とも低学年では身体症状に相当する項目がグループを作り, 高学年になるとより他者との関係に関する項目が優勢的にグループを形成していた。西宮市における小学生の不安・ストレスはその量, 種類とも, 被災地, 非被災地間で大きな差が認められなかったことから, この地域での小学生の不安・ストレスには大震災という環境要因は重要な規定要因ではなかったと結論した。 / There are few reports on mental stresses and anxieties in primary-school children, although they are known to be vulnerable to mental stresses. It is necesssary to assess the mental state in terms of anxieties and stresses of children in order to prevent them from getting mental disorders. In order to examine the nature of the stresses and anxieties of primary-school chidren, we sent mental stress and anxiety questionaires to 7751 primary-school children both in severely and slightly damaged ared of Nishinomiya-city in Hyogo prefecture, 8 months after the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. While we compared the answers of questionnare between male and female, severely and slightly damaged area, there were no significant differences. On analyzing the grequency of each item checked by children the following results emerged : in the lower grader, they mostly claim for suffering headache or stomachache, and worry about being separated from parent. On the other hand, there were many marks in the items such as worry about the relationship of their classmates, school scores in exam, unhappiness for tomorrow and unconscious comittement of fobidden acts in the higher grader. As a result of cluster analysis of all items, we could classify them into several groups : in the lower grader, the main group consists of physical feature, while in the higher the main group consists of the worry about relationships with oters. Because we could not find a visible differece between severely and slightly damaged area of the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Nishinomiya, we concluded that there was little effect on the stresses and anxieties of both frequency and quality by the disasater. On the contrary, the stresses and anxieties were all related with more inherent conditions of these primary-school children in Nishinomiya.

小学生がどのような不安・ストレスを抱いているか知る目的で平成7年9月に西宮市において質問紙表によるアンケート調査を行った。また, この不安・ストレスに対する環境要因の及ぼしている作用を知るために, 同市内の阪神大震災の被災地と非被災地間での不安・ストレスの比較検討を行った。この不安・ストレスの量的な分布を男女別, 学年別, 被災地, 非被災地別に比較検討したが有意差は見られなかった。低学年では不安・ストレススコアで低値を示した生徒が多かったのに対し, 3年生以上では17点のスコアを示す生徒が最頻であった。また各項目で〇をつけた生徒がどれくらいいるかを示す項目別頻度についても同様に差異は見られなかった。被災地, 非被災地とも低学年では身体的不安, 親が自分のことを怒っていないかなどの不安を示す項目が上位となり, 高学年では他者との比較, 成績や将来への不安を示す項目や, 禁止された事をやった後悔の項目が上位となった。男子では将来や勉学への不安が高頻度だったが, 女子では周囲からの評価や暗やみや夜への不安が高頻度だった。高不安・ストレススコアを示す生徒 (高不安・ストレス群) については, 男女とも低学年では「人に言えない, 怖い事が沢山ある」が高頻度だった。これに対して3, 4年生男子では傷つき易さが, 女子では暗やみへの不安が高頻度であった。5, 6年生では男女とも将来や他者からの評価への不安が高頻度であった。各項目間の関連性を調べるため項目のクラスター分析を行った。男女とも低学年では身体症状に相当する項目がグループを作り, 高学年になるとより他者との関係に関する項目が優勢的にグループを形成していた。西宮市における小学生の不安・ストレスはその量, 種類とも, 被災地, 非被災地間で大きな差が認められなかったことから, この地域での小学生の不安・ストレスには大震災という環境要因は重要な規定要因ではなかったと結論した。, There are few reports on mental stresses and anxieties in primary-school children, although they are known to be vulnerable to mental stresses. It is necesssary to assess the mental state in terms of anxieties and stresses of children in order to prevent them from getting mental disorders. In order to examine the nature of the stresses and anxieties of primary-school chidren, we sent mental stress and anxiety questionaires to 7751 primary-school children both in severely and slightly damaged ared of Nishinomiya-city in Hyogo prefecture, 8 months after the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. While we compared the answers of questionnare between male and female, severely and slightly damaged area, there were no significant differences. On analyzing the grequency of each item checked by children the following results emerged : in the lower grader, they mostly claim for suffering headache or stomachache, and worry about being separated from parent. On the other hand, there were many marks in the items such as worry about the relationship of their classmates, school scores in exam, unhappiness for tomorrow and unconscious comittement of fobidden acts in the higher grader. As a result of cluster analysis of all items, we could classify them into several groups : in the lower grader, the main group consists of physical feature, while in the higher the main group consists of the worry about relationships with oters. Because we could not find a visible differece between severely and slightly damaged area of the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Nishinomiya, we concluded that there was little effect on the stresses and anxieties of both frequency and quality by the disasater. On the contrary, the stresses and anxieties were all related with more inherent conditions of these primary-school children in Nishinomiya.

Since 1978 we have carried out our longitudinal study on the development and adjustment of the children on an isolated island in Okinawa which has a population of 1,200 people. We have adopted the following study methods : The university staff ( clinical psychologists ) visited the island 2 to 3 times a year and stayed there for a period of 3 to 5 days; administered psychological tests to the elementary and junior high school students ; offered mental health counseling, consultation services and mental health education to the people in need of it; and made follow-up studies of the cases and of all the junior high shool graduates. Through these activities we have observed and evaluated the development and adjustment of the children. We anticipate that the presentstudy will be carried on for a period of at least 12 years, during which time, we will pursue and clarify the causal mechanisms of the illnesses of the children and the 'so called U-turn phenomenon' of the high school graduates. We will continue this longitudinal study so as to investigate the development and adjustment of the children, particularly their personality development, and submit a prognosis of their clinical problems. Through our case studies on the island we have ascertained that the following are some of the common problems or aspects of problems that the children have experienced : 'a lack of concentration ability', 'violence', 'aggressive attitudes', 'isolation , learning retardation', 'urinary and excretal incontinence', 'poor physical condition', 'truancy from school', and 'delinquency'. The background that brought about these problems are found to be 'a lack of, absence or separation of the parents', 'the advanced age of the children's guardians', 'special family problems', 'poverty and large families', 'the low level of the guardians' intelligence' and 'the non-interference policy in bringing up the children'. The progress of the cases after counceling seem to show that nearly 60 percent of those counselled have solved their problems. However, it is rather difficult to judge whether the solution was brought about as the result of the services we and school teachers offered them, or whether it was a natural denouement., 論文