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本研究は，質問紙調査から，教職員の負担感及び市町村教育委員会の多忙化対策の現状を明らかにすることが目的である。調査の結果，独自の勤務実態調査を実施した市町村は４７.４％であり，そのうち６６.７％が公表していない。教職員の負担感が大きい項目は，保護者の苦情対応及び児童の問題行動への対応であり，負担感が小さい項目は，朝学習の指導及び清掃指導である。平日の勤務時間外に多い仕事は，部活動の指導，教材研究及び保護者対応であり，休日で多い仕事は，部活動の指導，成績処理及び学校行事の準備である。多忙化解消検討委員会の設置及び多忙化解消プラン策定については，殆どの市町村で未定である。また，市町村教育委員会が考えている教職員の多忙化の原因は，部活動の指導，保護者対応及び生徒指導であり，多忙化解消支援策は，部活動休養日の設定，学校完全閉庁日の設定及び時間外勤務に対する意識の啓発であることが分かった。, The purpose of this study is to clarify the current situation of the hardship of school teachers and countermeasures for balancing work/life of them by the municipal board of education through the questionnaire survey. As a result of the survey, 47.4% of the municipalities conducted their own work/life balance surveys, but 66.7% of which were not publicized. The major burdens for teachers are responding to complaints of parents and responding to problematic behaviors of children. The less burdensome items are the instructions for early-morning study and for cleaning. Most of the weekday excess works are supporting/instructing club activities, preparing teaching materials, and meeting with parents. On holidays, most duties are supporting/instructing club activities, scoring grades and preparing for school events. The establishment of the busyness elimination review committee and the creation of a busyness elimination plan are undecided in most municipalities. In addition, the causes of the busyness of teachers considered by the municipal board of education are supporting/instructing club activities, meeting parents, and guidance for children. The measures to eliminate such busyness are setting a day of no club activities, setting a school closed day, and raising awareness of overtime work.

In Japan, overwork has often been reported and criticized by the media as well as the public. Jobs are, however, often regarded as giving workers a sense of fulfilment and enjoyment, leading to their willingness to work extra hours. Based on the findings of Kim et al. (2020), we conducted two studies to investigate whether poor treatment of a worker can be legitimated when he/she is passionate about his/her work. In line with previous research, we found that a passionate worker was perceived to be volunteering to do extra jobs without compensation if given the chance and to regard the work as a reward in and of itself. However, unlike Kim et al., we did not find any mediating effects of these two perceptions on legitimating poor treatment of passionate workers. The reason why we failed to replicate the findings of Kim et al. are discussed in terms of Japanese people’s awareness of the hardship and unfairness of overwork., 本論文は，2020年度に広島大学教育学部で開講された心理学実験において，第1著者の指導により第2著者から第5著者が実施した研究をもとに執筆したものである。また，本研究はJSPS科研費JP18K03007の助成を受けた。