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This study discusses methods for engaging diverse children in the classroom. In particular, we focus on the concept of voice in the sociocultural approach of Wertsch and examine the manner in which the voices of children in the classroom should be perceived. Scholars purport that the participation of children in class and classroom discourse is homogeneous, because children use the language specific to the school culture to participate. However, children who participate in the classroom experience individual learning through interaction with others. Thus, we examined aspects of the participation of children in class from the viewpoint of various voices in school education. Children learn the language specific to their school culture from their teachers and use that language to participate in class. The study reveals a process in which the words of the teacher and those of the children used in the school encounter one another and gradually become those of the children through their involvement with the teacher. The results point out that the precise reason is that many children spend time together in a class, where various voices are exchanged with others, such that a possibility exists that this exchange can lead to learning. Moreover, the study infers that the encounter among various voices exerted an impact on the learning of the children.

Understanding psychological test results is frequently difficult for those who receive feedback. However, sharing an index using the movement of the line of sight and intuitively using it in feedback are easy. For this reason, the index is considered useful. Therefore, this study organized the assessment tools and indices related to gaze movements, which are used in the field of developmental support. First, we screened for developmental disorders and confirmed the intellectual and developmental levels. The next stage denoted the implementation of diagnostic and evaluation assessments specialized for developmental disorders. In the future, examining how these tools can reflect difficulties in daily life and the role they may play when shared with individuals receiving support and the people around them will be necessary.

人口減少社会の到来により，特に地方において，適正規模での学校運営が難しい過小規模や極小規模の学校が増加傾向にある．このような小規模校では，きめ細やかな指導等が行える一方で，人間関係が固定化しがちであったり，多様な意見や考え方に触れることが少なくなったり等，教育上の課題を抱えている．その解決策の１つとして，複数校の児童生徒が1つの学校に集まって合同授業が実施されているが，時間的・金銭的な問題などから実施回数が制限されるケースが多い．この合同授業を補う形で，日進月歩の勢いで進歩しているICT技術を活用した遠隔合同授業の取組みが期待され，教育実践が進められてきている．そこで本研究では，小規模校・少人数学級における遠隔合同授業を対象にして，学習者の学習活動と教員の教授活動を支援するための遠隔合同授業支援環境を研究開発する．具体的には，学校のネットワークの問題や，対面遠隔の学習者を見とりながら遠隔合同授業を進める教員の負荷を踏まえて，ビデオコミュニケーション機能や遠隔合同授業をシームレスに支援する授業支援機能を有した「つながる授業アプリ」をアジャイル型開発手法によって実装した．さらに，「つながる授業アプリ」の操作・機能評価を行って修正事項を整理して，改善を行った事項について報告する．

This paper discusses aspects of affixes and clitics on separable particle in German. Separable particles are attached to verbs to form separable verbs, in which affixes and stem in the main clause normally separate without auxiliary verbs. Therefore, separable particles are often regarded as words. Meanwhile, this investigation shows that while separable particles can be treated as affixes, they also show properties of middle elements between affixes and clitics. For this investigation, we contrasted separable verbs in German and phrasal verbs in English. In addition, we contrast separable verbs with [N-suru]-verbs in Japanese and examine behavior of separable verbs and separable particles from the perspectives of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Middle elements between affixes and clitics have been reported in Amis in Taiwan and Polynesian languages. Similarly, separable particles in German can be regarded as middle elements between affixes and clitics based on several aspects of the behavior of separable particles.

2022年7 月の第14回核融合エネルギー連合講演会にて特別講演「データ駆動核融合科学」を行った。核融合研究におけるデータ駆動アプローチによる研究遂行の大きな可能性を述べたものであり、その内容を文章としてまとめておくのが本記事の主旨である。特に、リアルタイム制御や、そのための予測や判断が必要とされる課題への挑戦には重要な視点であると考えている。また、核融合の研究課題を、学問分野を超えて共有・協働する上で効果的な視点であり、核融合コミュニティの拡大、学問としての拡がりにも大いに寄与する．特に、統計数理分野との協働を意図して、“統計数理核融合学”（統計数理による核融合研究課題への取り組み）という言葉とともに問いたい。

論文, Articles

国立国語研究所, 電気通信大学, 統計数理研究所, National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, The University of Electro-Communication, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics

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In this study, I discussed the necessity for understanding the complex interactive “dialogue” of listening as an aspect of class participation and what teachers can do to support it. Revision of the Courses of Study initiated the common concept of “dialogue” as a discussion activity and promoted the widespread classroom practice of discussion activities among students in groups or pairs. In contrast, the interaction in the whole-class discussion, which is the main form of class, has been ignored. I pointed out the issues this creates in the evaluation of classroom “dialogue.” Guided by Bakhtin's theory of dialogue, I have examined how to understand class participation through listening. In the classroom’s one-to-many form of communication, dialogue is not only established between the teacher and the student who speaks but also with the students who participate by “listening.” We can grasp the “dialogue” by considering the teacher, the specific student speakers in the class, and the existence and interaction of the participating student listeners. To participate in “dialogue” as a listener, the teacher should understand and respond to the student’s posture toward class participation; this indicated the possibility of supporting the student’s participation in dialogue in the class by listening.

本論では，国際オリンピック委員会（International Olympic Committee：IOC）のレガシー政策の推移，東京2020が範としたロンドン大会におけるレガシーガバナンス，そして東京2020のレガシーガバナンスを整理し，比較検討した．その結果，レガシーガバナンスに不備があることと，その結果としてレガシーの評価主体や評価方法が曖昧であること，この2点が原因でレガシーそのものが国民に広く認知されない状況を作り出しているのではないかという結論に至った．, This paper compares and contrasts the IOC (International Olympic Committee) 's legacy policies, the legacy governance of London, which Tokyo 2020 followed as a model, and the legacy governance of Tokyo 2020. As a result, we have come to the conclusion that legacy governance is inadequate, and as a result, there is ambiguity about who and how to evaluate the legacy. These two factors may be creating a situation where the legacy itself is not widely recognized by the public., 原著(Original paper), 「組織の組織」における広報活動に着目した2020東京オリ・パラのレガシーの承継

有機薄膜太陽電池 (organic photovoltaics, OPV) は，低温で安価な塗布プロセスによって製造可能な次世代太陽電池として注目されている．OPVの発電層には一般的に二種類の有機半導体材料の混合膜を用いるが，これに吸収帯の異なる有機半導体材料を第三成分として加えることで，光吸収領域が拡大しエネルギー変換効率を向上させることができる．本稿では，p型材料として高結晶性ポリマー，n型材料としてフラーレン誘導体を用い，第三成分として非フラーレンn型材料を加えた三元系OPVについて紹介する．この三元系素子では，第三成分はホストとなるポリマーおよびフラーレン誘導体より含有量が非常に少ないものの，ポリマーと同様の外部量子収率を示すことで，ホスト二元系素子に比べて大幅に効率が向上した．これは，光干渉効果により第三成分の光吸収が増幅されることに起因する．第三成分を少量加えるだけで高効率化が可能であるため，今後のOPV開発において重要な手法として期待される．, Significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics has been made in the last decade. Ternary blend OPVs (organic photovoltaics), in which three organic semiconductors are blended to absorb wide range of the incident light, have shown to be an important strategy for improving the efficiency. Here, we show a ternary blend OPV system that used a high-crystalline polymer and a fullerene derivative as the host binary blend system and a nonfullerene n-type material as the third component. It was found that even with a small amount of the third component, optical absorption can be enhanced by the optical interference effect, which significantly boosted the efficiency of the ternary blend cell compared to the binary blend cell.

On jumping events of track and field, the run-up approach is one of the most important phases for determining a jumper’s performance. Among the jumping events, the high jump event has a unique approach that has no constraints regarding the take-off position and is combined with the straight and curved approach. Thus, the optimal way to regulate the run-up approach for high jumping is unclear. The aim of this research is to examine the variables which can quantitatively evaluate the high jump approach. The candidate variables were the footfall position, step length, and step direction. The variables regarding the footfall positions were defined based on the absolute coordinate referenced by the position of bar, and the relative coordinates referenced by the distribution of the trials. The variables for the step lengths were defined as the straight distance and curved distance between two footfall positions. The variables for the step directions were the absolute angle as the direction of steps against the bar and the relative angle as the direction of following step against a previous one. A total of 34 trials at six different heights of one high jump athlete were analyzed. The two-dimensional data for eight footfall positions in the run-up approach were extracted from the movie clips recorded by video camera by using the two-dimensional direct linear transformation method. The values of the mean and standard deviation among the trials on each height for each variable were calculated by using the data of the footfall position. A few possibilities were discovered for the proposed variables to evaluate the quantification of the high jump approach. First, the ratio between the standard deviations of the footfall positions of the two axis directions on the absolute coordinate might reveal the method for the regulation on the two-dimensional take-off position. Second, both the variables for the straight and curve step length might verify the regulation for the approach immediately before the take-off which has been suggested in a previous study about the long jump. Third, the value of the absolute angle might help evaluate the change of the approach angle against the bar right before the take-off, and the value of relative angle might help evaluate the beginning of the curved approach. The analysis of these variables has revealed that the trajectory of the run-up approach of the high jump has redundancy and that would include an ill-posed problem.

第5回観測ロケットシンポジウム(2023年2月28日-3月1日. オンライン開催), 5th Sounding Rocket Symposium(February 28-March 1, 2023. Online Meeting), 資料番号: SA6000185032, レポート番号: Ⅵ-4

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The patient was an 81-year-old man who visited a clinic for fever and lower abdominal pain. He was subsequently diagnosed with prostatitis based on computed tomography (CT) findings that showed swelling of the prostate. Despite treatment with antibacterial therapy, his symptoms did not improve significantly. Since the patient also had myelodysplastic syndrome, he was transferred to our hospital and subsequently diagnosed with prostate abscess based on findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The abscess had spread widely from the dorsal side of the trigone of the bladder to anterior wall of the rectum. Transperineal drainage was performed to preserve the urethral mucosa of the prostatic urethra. Considering the shape of the abscess cavity, one pigtail catheter was placed in the prostate and another was placed transperineally on the dorsal side of the trigone of the bladder. Cystostomy was performed at the same time. Culture of the abscess revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. As there was little exudate from the abscess 9 days after drainage, the pigtail catheter on the dorsal side of the trigone of the bladder was removed following an injection of minocycline into the abscess. CT showed shrinkage of the abscess 4 days later, and the remaining intraprostatic pigtail catheter was removed after an injection of minocycline. The cystostomy pigtail catheter was subsequently removed since the patient was able to urinate smoothly after clamping. MRI confirmed the disappearance of the abscess cavity 2 months later.