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The manpower shortage has become increasingly problematic in the elderly care sector in Japan due to further aging of society. The subject of elderly care is increasingly added into home economics education in Japan as a result of this issue.In this paper, we suggest a home economics lesson plan in cooperation with Jinseikai Akatombo Medical Corporation（the name means “red dragonfly”）, the aim of which is to promote networking medical and nursing care rooted in the community.Medical Corporation Jinseikai Akatombo offers an elderly care program incorporating ICT, AI and nursing care robots, along with a team of multi-professional medical personnel, the purpose of which is to support family care and respond to each elderly person’s needs. It also includes worship services, social welfare classes, and junior volunteers to facilitate communication with and between students and the elderly.We also managed a junior high school curriculum, linking home economics lessons with other subjects and designing home economics lesson plans, to include Jinseikai Akatombo Medical Corporation.

令和5(2023)年11月15日以降に本文を公開する予定です。

Recently, the concept of performance-based assessment stands out as one of the methods used to evaluate students’ learning with respect to thinking, judgment, presentations, etc.The objective of this paper is to introduce the task of performance-based assessment into home economics classes on housing in Japanese junior high schools, and to examine the potentialities and effects of it.To achieve this objective, we developed an effective task of performance-based assessment as pertains to housing and associated guidelines for use in junior high schools. We analyzed and assessed descriptions from the 11 students in the Faculty of Education, Kumamoto University, as a substitute for junior high school students, during the Covid-19 pandemic.Our results were as follows: 1) We developed a task and associated guidelines as pertains to performance-based assessment involving the problem-solving aspect of learning. 2) As seen in the grades for the task and the questionnaire after the task, over 90% of students worked on the task, eagerly and excitedly. 3) However, some students felt the task slightly difficult for them because they hadn’t sufficiently learned about housing enough to solve the task, or they were not able to acquire sufficient information literacy using a tablet. 4) We were able to improve the lesson plan and associated guidelines in light of these issues.

Given the background of fewer children born in Japan and the decreasing population in local areas, many regional public corporations have taken steps to create a more comfortable working environment.The objective of this paper is to examine the impact and issues of the Good Boss registration system, which has been promoted by the Kumamoto Prefectural Government with a view to rendering companies easier to work for, regardless of gender.To achieve this objective, we analyzed the declarations made by companies when they register with the Good Boss system. We also conducted interviews with ten companies registered with the system.Our results were as follows: 1） Many companies registered with the Good Boss system described their work-life-balance and any original aspects of their company’s working style. 2） According to the interview survey, several companies or bosses have found the Good Boss registration system significant. 3） With some companies, we identified an issue where the Good Boss registration system and associated declarations/descriptions were not made known to all employees.

異なる脳機能イメージング法であるfMRIとPETで撮像画像に共通する成分はあるのだろうか。共通する成分を抽出できれば、それを利用しfMRI画像とPET画像を相互に変換することが可能となる。本研究では、共通成分の抽出・相互変換を試みるため、深層学習により拡張した正順相関分析法を実装した。本発表において、シミュレーションデータに適応した予備結果を報告し、実データ適用に向けた課題・拡張について議論する。, 量子生命科学会 第4回大会

Although the Act on Promotion of Womenʼs Participation and Advancement in the Workplace was established in2016, the progress of companies in Kumamoto has been slow. The objectives of this paper are to assess current conditions on womenʼs participation and advancement in theworkplace, and to consider relevant problems in Kumamoto prefecture. To achieve these objectives and promote participation and advancement by women, we analyzed the action plansof two companies certified under the Act and seven that were not, conducing interview surveys over the period ofOctober 23 to December 7, 2018. Our results were as follows: 1) The percentages of women in managerial positions stood at 44.8% and 2.4% for two companies certified underthe Act. Their action plans included work reform, reduction of overtime work, initiatives designed to increase the rateof female workers in managerial positions, etc. Both companies accomplished each of their goals. 2) For seven companies not certified under the Act, the percentages of women in managerial position was low, at0-6%. This was the case regardless of the fact that most of them included initiatives to increase the percentage ofwomen in managerial positions. Two uncertified companies were unaware of the certification system. 3) The percentage of women in managerial position at the Kumamoto Prefectural Office and Kumamoto CityOffice stood at 7.5% and 6.9% respectively. They set their goals high, for example, with a view to increasing thepercentage of women in managerial positions, men taking childcare leave, and so on. They did not accomplish thesegoals, however. 4) According to the Kumamoto Labor Office, only a small number of companies apply for certification inKumamoto, because Kumamoto-based companies tend to lack interest in certification and the Act on Promotion ofWomenʼs Participation and Advancement in the Workplace.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used statistical tool for extracting low-dimensional structures underlying multivariate data. However, its application to high-dimensional data is limited due to its large computational time. While the conventional PCA algorithm requires polynomial time, using a quantum-inspired algorithm as a subroutine, we have implemented an algorithm that approximates it with computational time proportional to the logarithm of the input dimensionality. The computational efficiency and performance of the implemented algorithm, quantum-inspired PCA, are experimentally evaluated on synthetic and real datasets., 第31回 日本神経回路学会 全国大会（JNNS2021）

量研では、新しい学術領域「量子生命科学」の確立を目指した活動を、国内外の研究者と共に精力的に進めている。量子生命科学とは、最先端の量子技術と量子科学の知見を総合的に利用し、従来不可能であった極微の空間・時間スケールあるいは超高感度での生体内部の観測や生体分子の計測、生命機能のモデリングなどを実現することにより、量子論・量子力学を基盤とした視点から生命全般の根本原理を明らかにすることを目標とし、その原理の産業応用も視野に入れた分野である。本稿では、平成 31 年 4 月に量研内に発足した「量子生命科学領域」におけるアプローチを紹介する。

近年，磁気共鳴画像などの神経画像に機械学習を適用することで，精神疾患に特異的な脳形態ないし脳活動パターンをデータ駆動で同定し，これに基づき一個人が「特定の疾患状態か否か」を予測する判別器作成の試みが盛んに行われている。以前は見逃されがちであった過学習や攪乱変数などに関わる技術的問題も意識されるようになり，判別器開発用とは独立したサンプルにおける精度も検討されるようになってきている。本稿では，当該分野で最近までに報告された成果をいくつか紹介すると共に，臨床応用を含む今後の展望について述べる。

熱重量-示差走査熱-高感度飛行時間型質量複合分析(TG-DSC-HRTOFMS)を用いて，アンモニウムジニトラミド(ADN)，モノメチルアンモニウム硝酸塩(MMAN)，尿素(urea)から構成される高エネルギーイオン液体推進剤の熱-生成ガス同時分析を行った．本手法は，熱挙動と同時に生成ガスの精密質量を測定することができる．ADN/MMANおよびADN/MMAN/ureaの両組成からは，H2O, HCN, CO, N2, CH2O, CH3NH2, HNCO, CO2, N2O，およびHNO3に分解することがわかり，その反応機構を考察した．またureaの吸熱分解によって推進剤の総発熱量は低下することもわかった．, Thermal and evolved gas analyses were carried out to assess the thermal decomposition of high-energetic ionic liquid propellant consisting ammonium dinitramide (ADN), monomethyl ammonium nitrate (MMAN), and urea, using thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry (TGDSC- HRTOFMS). This technique simultaneously assesses the thermal and evolved gas behavior and is able to distinguish between products having similar mass-to-charge ratios, based on accurate mass determinations. ADN/MMAN and ADN/MMAN/urea mixtures were found to decompose to form NH3, H2O, HCN, CO, N2, CH2O, CH3NH2, HNCO, CO2, N2O and HNO3, and possible reaction pathways for the decomposition processes were developed. The presence of urea reduces the net exothermic heat of reaction due to the endothermic pyrolysis reaction of urea., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA1830031003, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-18-006

The objectives of this paper are to analyze and consider special aspects of gender equality administration in the city of Kitakyushu and the Gender Equality Center of Kitakyushu by comparisons with Kumamoto City, and to offer home economics lesson plans applying the information and events offered by the Gender Equality Center in Kitakyushu.

主成分分析は多変量データから重要な低次元成分を抽出する統計手法である．しかし，主成分分析のアルゴリズムは特異値分解に基づくため，次元数（変量の数）が数百万を超えるデータには，計算時間の問題からしばしば適用が困難となる．我々は近年発案された「量子インスパイアアルゴリズム」を用い，計算時間を次元数の対数オーダーに抑えつつ，主成分分析を近似するアルゴリズムを計算機実装した．本報告において，複数の人工データ・実データを用いてその計算時間と性能を評価した結果を紹介する．, 第44回量子情報技術研究会（QIT44）

精神神経疾患の神経メカニズムについて理解を深めたり、新規の診断・治療法を開発するうえで、神経画像の重要性が高まっている。特に近年は、機能的MRI（fMRI）によって、安静状態の脳活動に疾患特異的な同期パターン（機能的結合）を見いだし、これを疾患バイオマーカーとして臨床応用する可能性に関心が集まっている。再現性・信頼性のある知見を得るには十分なサンプル数が必要であるため、複数施設が連携して画像データや付随の臨床情報を多数例集積し、大規模な画像研究を推進する機運が国内外で見られる。fMRIに基づく機能的結合指標は、撮像装置の諸元や撮像条件の設定方法に加え、被験者への教示内容や撮像時の被験者の状態にも左右されることが知られている。これらの共変量（攪乱変数）の影響を低減させるためには、参画機関間でデータ取得のプロトコルを事前に統一すると共に、データ解析時に共変量を適切にモデル化する必要がある。本口演では、演者がこれまでに携わった多施設連携によるヒトおよび動物fMRI研究で行われたこれらの取り組みについて述べる。ヒト研究では、国内複数施設の安静時fMRIデータセットを用いて発達障害や気分障害など各精神疾患に特異的に関わる機能的結合を特定しこれを用いて健常対照群との自動判別を行う試み、および同一被験者が複数施設を巡回することで得られた安静時fMRIデータ（トラベリングサブジェクトデータ）を用いて機能的結合の施設間差を低減させる試み（ハーモナイゼーション）について触れる。また動物研究としては、国内外複数施設のマウス安静時fMRIデータセット（17セット）をもとに、デフォルトモードネットワークなどネットワーク構造の再現性を検討した国際連携研究を紹介する。本研究の一部はAMED国際脳 (JP20dm0307007, JP20dm0307008)、JST ERATO (JPMJER1801)の支援を受けた。, 第48回日本磁気共鳴医学会大会

Recently, “performance-based assessment” stands out as one of the methods used toevaluate studentsʼ learning with respect to thinking, judgment, presentation, etc.The objective of this paper is to introduce “performance-based assessment” into homeeconomics classes on consumer life and behavior in Japanese junior high schools, and to examine the process of introducing this assessment method and the potentialities and/or actual tasks conducted in conjunction with it. To achieve this objective, we gave lessons on consumer life and behavior to Japanese junior high school students, introducing performance-based assessment with the last lesson.After these lessons, we analyzed and assessed descriptions from the students.The results were as follows : 1) We developed a task for “performance-basedassessment” involving buying T-shirts through internet shopping. 2) We developed therubric for “performance-based assessment” from the viewpoint of buying objects,pigeonholing and analyzing the information on buying, their reasoning, and performance. 3)Over 70% of students could clear the standard point in the task to select the appropriateT-shirt by analyzing information on the T-shirts. According to the questionnaires after the lessons, many students found the “performance-based assessment” task to be easy and interesting. 4) However, only 50% could give a logical explanation for selecting their T-shirt. Our analysis showed that students had difficulty with logical thinking and descriptions.

After the Law for Measures to Support the Development of the Next Generation (2003), more and more companies intend to establish nurseries within their workplaces in Japan. Yahata-Taniguchi and Ito had surveyed the condition of 14 nurseries within workplace in Kumamoto City in 2005 and considered the problems of those nurseries. The purposes of this paper are to examine the present condition and problems of the nurseries within workplaces, to compare those results with the Yahata-Taniguchi and Ito's survey in 2005 and to examine the support activities implemented by the nurseries for child-rearing after the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016, through questionnaires and interviews in Kumamoto City. To achieve this, we distributed questionnaires on conditions of labor and child-rearing, the reasons for choosing nurseries within the workplaces, evaluation of the nurseries, etc., to the users of 10 nurseries within workplaces in Kumamoto City. We distributed 135 questionnaires between July 4 to October 13, 2016 and received 108 completed questionnaires (80.0% completion rate). We also conducted interviews on conditions of support for child-rearing, etc. after the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. The results are as follows: 1) More users request the nurseries within workplaces to enrich the educational function, for example, children can learn English, use a personal computer, play an instrument, swim, and so on, than those of the 2005 survey. 2) Some nurseries within workplaces established after 2009 became authorized nurseries by Kumamoto City and aimed to contribute to the company employees and local residents. 3) Just after the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, although many general nurseries closed, almost all nurseries within workplaces were open due to the related company reopening their business, and looked after infants and pupils, both registered with that nursery and from other nurseries.

A 66-year-old man presented with a chief complaint of glans penis pain, induration, and discharge of pus. He was prescribed a course of antibiotics, but the condition persisted despite treatment. Thus, we differrentially diagnosed the patient with penile tuberculosis and pyoderma gangrenosum, and performed a biopsy of the penis. The biopsy result was thickening of the horny layer epidermis with only a foreign body granuloma composed of inflammatory cells, and did not lead to a definitive diagnosis. Thoraca-abdominal computed tomography revealed axillary lymphadenopathy with necrosis. Suspecting tuberculosis lymphadenitis, we performed T-spot and QuantiFERONtests. The result was T-spot negative and QuantiFERONpositive, so we diagnosed the patient with penile tuberculosis, and started antituberculosis medication. In about half a year after the start of treatment the symptoms subsided, and lymphadenopathy showed reduction.

In this paper, we analyze and consider the effects and problems of the adoption of the designated administrator system in the Gender Equality Center in Kumamoto City, by comparison with other Japanese Gender Equality Centers in Kumamoto Prefecture, Fukuoka Prefecture and Fukuoka City.The results are as follows:106 Gender Equality Centers (of total 383 Gender Equality Centers in Japan) adopt the designated administrator system. In many of those Gender Equality Centers adopting the designated administrator system, designated companies administrate only a part of activities or works of the Gender Equality Centers, for example, administrationof center buildings or a part of initiatives. It is worth noting that the designated companies of the Gender Equality Center in Kumamoto City manage all activities or works of the Center-from the administration of buildings and the car parking to the planning and the implementation of initiatives-under the consultation of the administrationcommittee. Under the designated administrator system, the Gender Equality Center in Kumamoto City succeeds in development of original and friendly enterprises on gender equality for Kumamoto citizens.On the other hand, there are concerns some fear whether the Center staff can develop their professional capabilities enough during only five years, while they contract the work of the Gender Equality Center in Kumamoto City as the designated administrator.

本稿では、シャルル・ペギーの『クリオ 歴史と異教の魂の対話』という著作における歴史の哲学について論じる。ペギーはこの作品で、「老い」という概念を中心とする独特な歴史の理論を展開している。まず、ペギーがこの老いの概念についてどのような説明をあたえているかを確認する。かれによれば、老いとは、「不可逆性」を特徴とする「消耗」の運動である。老いのなかでは、あらゆるものが失われていき、そしてなにもとりもどすことができない。ペギーは、このような老いの概念を中心に、かれ特有の歴史哲学を構築する。つづいて、ペギーのこの老いの歴史と、メルロ＝ポンティの制度の歴史を比較的に考察する。メルロ＝ポンティは、ドゥルーズとならんで20世紀におけるペギーの重要な読者のひとりだが、両者のあいだには、歴史の思想をめぐって決定的な隔たりが存在する。この隔たりの意味と、そしてそれを生む原因となったメルロ＝ポンティの誤解を明らかにする。最後に、以上をふまえてペギーにおける「出来事」の概念について論じる。ペギーは、ドゥルーズをはじめとして、ときに出来事の思想家とみなされるが、かれの思想における出来事の意味は、一般に理解されるそれとは異なる。つまりペギーにとって、出来事はいっさい特異性をもたない。そして、そのような特異的でない出来事がもつ「老い」を利用して、その出来事を内部からさかのぼるというのが、『クリオ』におけるペギーの試みであり、ここでは、それを反-特異的な出来事の歴史学と名づける。, Nous nous proposons ici de traiter de la philosophie de l’histoire dans l’ouvrage de Charles Péguy intitulé Clio, Dialogue de l’histoire et de l’âme païenne. Péguy y développe une théorie originale de l’histoire à partir de sa réfl exion personnelle sur la notion de « vieillissement ». D’après Péguy, ce terme désigne un mouvement « irréversible » d’« usure » que nous présenterons dans le premier temps de notre étude : dans ce mouvement, tout se perd peu à peu et on ne reprend rien. Cette compréhension spécifique du vieillissement peut être rapprochée de la notion d’« institution » chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty, ce dernier ayant été – de même que Gilles Deleuze – un des lecteurs importants de l’oeuvre de Péguy au vingtième siècle. Cependant, il semble y avoir un écart fondamental entre Péguy et Merleau-Ponty au niveau de leur conception de l’histoire. Nous nous attacherons à mettre en évidence cet écart et le malentendu d’où il provient dans la seconde partie de notre article. Dans la conclusion de celui-ci, nous examinerons fi nalement la notion péguyenne d’« événement ». Si Péguy est souvent considéré comme un penseur de l’événement (par Deleuze par exemple), le sens que possède ce terme chez lui est en fait très différent comparé aux autres philosophes. En effet, pour Péguy, l’événement n’a aucune singularité, celle-ci le caractérisant pourtant en général. Et, remonter à l’intérieur de cet événement sans singularité, en ayant recours au vieillissement qu’il manifeste en tant qu’il n’a pas de singularité, c’est exactement la tentative de Péguy dans son Clio, que nous nommons ici l’histoire de l’événement anti-singulier.

Home science education in India is not well known in Japan. Ms. Ota, one of the authors of this paper, obtained the home science textbook Home Science, used by high school students in India. The purpose of this paper is to help understand the status of home science education in India, by using the textbook Home Science (Janaki Kameswaran et al. (2004-2005) higher secondary first year, higher secondary second year, Tamilnadu Textbook Corporation). For this purpose, we translate the textbook written in English into Japanese, analyze the contents, and understand the status, goal and method of home science education in India. From its Unit 1 : Concept of Home Science, the beginning of Home Science, we obtained some information about the history, roles, extension education, etc. of home science in India. We understood that home science education in India started as an aspect of agriculture education, and developed not only in formal education, but also in extension education for women and girls.

In Japan, it has been just announced that “a period for moral education” since 1958 will be changed into a “special subject” in 2018. On the other hand, in Korea, moral education as an independent subject was established in 1973 and has been reformed continuously. The aim of this paper is to make a survey of moral education in both countries and clarify similarities and differences between them.

In this study, we will consider how the denim fashions seen within Japanese street fashion have changed from the postwar period to the present, with the goal of making clear how the meaning and significance of denim have transformed. When considering fashion phenomena, it is useful to grasp how, as an item of clothing is adopted and eras pass, the meaning of that item changes. This is useful because fashion itself is not the only thing that changes ; it is necessary to pick up on the ways in which, in each period, the various frameworks surrounding fashion, such as the values and technology of society and the people who enjoy fashion, also change. In order to consider such issues, we have endeavored to delineate who has worn what kinds of denim items, and when and how they wore them, all while taking into account the historical background of each era.It is well known that jeans, which are made of the material denim, were a kind of practical clothing worn by laborers and cowboys. However, they were adopted by certain specific groups of young people ― the rockers of the 1950s, mods of the 1960s, hippies of the 1970s, and others ― as a means of expressing their own stance as rebels who rejected adults and society. Nevertheless, since the 1990s, denim has become something worn by everyone regardless of age or gender, and it is now synonymous with casual fashion. On the other hand, denim's function of signifying the attributes of the people who wear it, and the identities associated with wearing it, have faded. It has become difficult to judge the values and positions of the wearer by their denim alone. The expression "so-and-so's denim," whether it refers to, among others, "the laborer's denim," "the hippy's denim," "the young person's denim," is no longer applicable to present-day denim fashions. And, in 2015, there has been a denim boom like never before in Japanese street fashion. Not wishing to stand out, everyone is wearing denim, resulting in this unprecedented boom. The cautious attitude of the youth aside, the way in which the meaning originally carried by denim has transformed is a decidedly unusual one.

In Harajuku, Tokyo's leading fashion district, we took a series of photographs, using as subjects young men ranging in age from their teens to their twenties. On the basis of the data collected, we selected 829 subjects adopting sporty fashions in an effort to develop a quantitative understanding of items such as shirts and pants and their fits, bags and shoes, and other clothing and miscellaneous goods including hats. The period of study was about four years, from January 2012 to October 2015.We have just carried out a study of the results from two points of view : changes caused by the season, and those caused by trends. Tops and bottoms were clearly influenced by changes in season, with changes in item type, materials, and length observed. Among accessories and miscellaneous goods, there was no obvious seasonal variation. From the point of view of trendinfluenced changes, within the aforementioned period of study, it became evident that there was a growth in fairly wide, natural fits, representing a move away from skinny jeans and other slim fits. Also, colored patterns were appearing with decreasing frequency, and there was a distinct increase in plain, monochromatic items. Overall, there is an increasing tendency to prefer simple styles. We were able to gain a qualitative understanding of one aspect of the fashion sense of present-day young men, who seek to incorporate just enough of the latest fad into their style.

Recently, "performance-based assessment" is remarkable as one of the methods to evaluate studentsʼ learning status of thinking, judgment, presentation, etc.. The objective of this paper is to introduce performance-based assessment into home economics classes on consumer life and behavior in Japanese elementary schools, and to examine the process of introducing performance-based assessment and the potentialities and/or actual tasks conducted in conjunction with it. To achieve this objective, we gave lessons on consumer life and behavior to fifth grade students of Japanese elementary schools, introducing performance-based assessment with the last lesson. After these lessons, we analyzed and assessed studentsʼ descriptions. The results were as follows : 1) We developed the task for "performance-based assessment" of buying a travel bag, a raincoat and a pair of working gloves, because these were necessary goods for students because of the training camp, a few months later. 2) We made the rubric for "performance-based assessment" on the viewpoint of the buying objective, the reasoning and the performance. 3) As the result that we analyzed studentʼs descriptions and assess them according to the rubric, the assessment score sometimes varied among three scorers. 4) We could devise better teaching methods with reference to the results of "performance-based assessment."

本論では，先ず第1章に於いて満洲国建国までの概観を述べ，建国以前の中国東北地域がどのような状況であったのか歴史的事実に即しながらみる。また第2章では満洲国の人口の推移ついて表を挙げる。これは満洲国の発展の様子及び，動きというものを人の動きと照らしてみる際の一つの指標となり得るものである。第3章も満洲国の発展の様子をうかがえるものの一つとして，面積についてみる。章末の地図は面積をみる際の便宜の為，満洲国の地図として一般的な昭和15年版『満洲現勢図解』を参考に，筆者が適宜地名並びに面積を加筆，修正したものである。

The aim of this paper is to examine what charakteristic R. M. Hare's ‘two level theory’and its recent revision have in relation to the power of judgment. The results are as follows : Hare’s main line of thought in Moral Thinking (1980) hardly seems to have any close relationship with the power of judgment or the narrative thoey. And yet it is suggestive that he counted ‘those common to particular roles’ and ‘those personal to individuals’ in subcategories of the moral principles of intuitive level and mentioned that ‘there are many more ways than one of being a saint, or even a moderately good man’. On the other hand, a recent revision of the two level theory called ‘unsettled-domain utilitarianism’ is worth notice in that it is obviously connected with the power of judgment in Kant's sense that can works both determinatively (when proper rules are given) and reflexively (when rules are to be found).

The purpose of this paper is to examine the subject of the life course choices made by graduates of the Domestic Science Department, Faculty of Education at Kumamoto University, as well as career advancement amongst female teachers. For this purpose, we distributed questionnaires by mail to a total of 185 graduates (1967-1982 graduation) of the Domestic Science Department, Faculty of Education at Kumamoto University, over the period of February 4 to March 1, 2013. We achieved a recovery rate of 51.4%. We then compared the life course choices of graduates of the Domestic Science Department (1967-1982 graduation) with those of graduates of the Living Science Department(1951-1966 graduation), and analyzed reasons behind differences between them. The results were as follows: 1) The percentage of those engaged in long-term continuous work for more than 15 years was 66.3%. The reasons why these individuals could work more than 15 years continuously were: they were elementary school teachers (not junior high or high school teachers) ; their husbands were also teachers (not businessmen) ; and the fact that many of them lived with their parents after marriage. 2) The percentage of those engaged in continuous work for more than 15 years amongst 1951-1966 graduates was higher than that of the 1967-1981 graduates. We surmise that the reasons for the differences were varying levels of attachment to family life or work, also in accordance with stage of life.

The subject of day-to-day life issues and practices was made part of the revised course of study in Japanese junior high school level home economics education as of 2008. The objectives of this paper are : 1) analyze the studentʼs reports on day-to-day life issues and practices, specifically on clothes washing, and examine the state of their abilities to solve problems related to clothes washing, and 2) present the problems and teaching methods that we should consider and improve upon when we provide instructions on the subject. The results were as follows : 1) the targets that students recognized as problem solving related to clothes washing were taken up in the form of various topics, for examples : soiled socks ; ring around the collar ; cleaning materials ; bleaching and washing methods by hand or using washing machines ; drying, ironing, etc., 2) the most popular method that students introduced in order to make their dirty clothing cleaner was washing by hand with cleaning materials before using the washing machine, 3) we observed that students introduced scientific and objective results in order to solve their problems by methods of comparison, experimentation, and investigation. 4) we should devise a list of specific items in regards to day-to-day life issues and practices, in this instance specifically on clothes washing, in order for both students and teachers to easily assess studentʼs thinking processes and/or reasoning on problem solving.

Yahata-Taniguchi et al have devised the teaching materials called, “Card Game: Family Finance” for home economics education in both Japanese junior high and high schools, based on All My Money: A Financial Management Curriculum for Persons Working with Limited-Resource Audiences, initially devised by the University of Illinois in the United States. The purposes of this paper were: 1） Review the reworking of the teaching material for home economics education for Japanese public elementary school use in Kumamoto city, and 2） Examine the effects of the lesson for public elementary school students in the actual class. For these purposes, 1） we distributed a questionnaire of conceptualization and living skills for family finance, before and after the actual lesson in home economics classes in the public elementary school in Kumamoto city, and 2） analyzed their results from students, comparing before and after the class. The results were as follows: 1） According to descriptions from the students, we could observe the conceptualization on scientific recognition for life, value recognition, and living skills of how to adjust a family budget and using money for family. 2） Analyzing the scores of public elementary school students’ self-estimates from the seven measures of evaluation, scores were high（over 70%） for all measures. 3） We confirmed the goodeffects of our teaching materials introduced into the public elementary school: that students could plan to use their pocket money without wasting their money. As a result, this demonstrates that it is possible to introduce our new teaching material into home economics classes for Japanese public elementary schools.

看護師が行う食事時の見守りは，患者の自立に向け，観察やモニタリング機能を担う重要な行為であ る。看護師は，見守りする中でフィジカルアセスメントに基づき食事に関する直接的ケアを提供しているが，このような援助内容について具体的に検討した先行研究はない。そこで，本研究では嚥下障害の ある患者に対する食事時の見守りが，どのような看護技術内容で構成されているのかを明らかにするこ とを目的とした。Ａ病院の神経内科・外科病棟で収集したデータは10事例であった。その結果，以下の点が明らかになった。 １．嚥下障害のある患者の食事時の見守りは，視診，問診，聴診，およびコミュニケーション技術を用いて，安全性を確保しながら行われていた。 ２．看護師は，食事の見守りの際，視診によって多くの情報を得ているが，視診による見守りは，第三 者が確認しにくいことが明らかになった。 ３．見守りにおける視診等は，姿勢を整えるなどの直接的ケアと並行して実施されていた。