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Lateral ligament insufficiency of the ankle (LLIA)caused by inversion sprain is the most frequent injury in athletes. Kinetic analysis was conducted to determine the influence of LLIA on kinetics of the adjacent joint(knee) for thirty collegiate athletes with experience of ankle inversion sprain. The athletes were divided into three groups according to their instability: negative group, positive group, and severe group. The severe group showed increased knee varus moment and decreased subtalar valgus moment. The sum of the values of these two moments was similar between groups, and two moments negatively correlated with each other. It is suggested that LLIA results in increase of the knee varus moment, and management for the knee should be considered for those athletes with LLIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Curved intertrochanteric varus osteotomy is osteotomized between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter which is curved so as to place the femoral head in a varus position by rotating it in the coronal plane. After mean follow-up of 5.4 years of 57 joints, approximately 98% of joints were preserved and 90% of joints were protected from the progression of disease. Curved intertrochanteric varus osteotomy can be used to preserve the hip joint in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

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In the present experiment an attempt was made to investigate dynamic mechanical properties of the knee in varus-valgus direction in vivo. Twelve adult cats with the knees which consist of medial collateral, lateral collateral, anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate ligaments were used. A measuring device, which was developed for this investigation, consisted of a fixation unit, a driving unit and strain and force transducers. Non-linearity of these transducers were 0.5% F.S. and 1% F.S. respectively. Both static and dynamic measurement could be performed with the measuring device. The femur of the cat was firmly clumped with the fixation unit. Care was taken to avoid crushing the skin and muscles by splitting small part of the skin and underlying muscles. Operation and measurement were carried out under general anesthesia and a muscle relaxant was given at regular intervals. Sinusoidal bending strain (bending oscillation) of 0.3, 1.0, 1.6, 3.3, 5.0, 8.6 and 10.0 Hz in varus-valgus direction was transmitted to the knee-leg complex under each pre-bending strain, which was given to varus or valgus direction prior to the initiation of the test, and bending moment was measured. Bending strain could be regarded as generated in the knee because bending strain in the femur and tibia may be ignored. Frequency, amplitude and phase of bending strain-bending moment response were analysed after passing through amplifiers and low-pass filters, and dynamic mechanical properties of the knee-leg complex was given as a complex bending elastic coefficient. Overall error of the present investigation was within 5%. Dynamic mechanical properties of the knee-leg complex resembled those of the Kelvin model on condition that pre-bending strain and amplitude of bending oscillation were constant. Corner frequency was approximately 5 Hz. It suggested that bending elastic and bending dumping coefficients of the knee were calculated by the least square method. Bending elastic and bending dumping coefficients of the knee were under the influence of pre-bending strain and amplitude of bending oscillation. As the pre-bending strain, which was loaded in the step-loading method, increased on condition of constant amplitude, bending elastic coefficient increased linearly, while bending dumping coefficient increased although the rate of increase decreased gradually. As amplitude increased sequentially from small to large on condition of constant pre-bending strain, both bending elastic and bending dumping coefficients decreased monotonously. However, dumping-elastic ratio (D/K) of the knee was approximately constant in spite of variation of those parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of gait in patients with hallux valgus and the effects on the joints of the lower extremities (hip, knee and ankle). [Subjects] The patient was a 69-year-old female diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) including hallux valgus. The patient had a chief complaint of pain on the medial side of the right hallux in gait. [Methods] Gait analyses, using the VICON-MX systems were performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months. [Results] The postoperative valgus of knee moments decreased, and valgus of ankle moments had increased on the operated side. The varus of knee moments on the non-operated side was higher than on the operated side. [Conclusion] The results revealed instability in the lateral direction of the lower extremity with deformity of the foot. Hallux valgus associated with valgus knee deformity on the operated and varus on the non-operated side is a potential cause of osteoarthritis of the knee. We should be careful not only to prevent the recurrence of hallux valgus on the operated side but also osteoarthritis of the knee on the opposite side. These results are useful indicators for rehabilitation management of hallux valgus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose] We investigated the relationship between locus of the center of foot pressure (COP) and the position of the rear part of the foot, and considered the functions of the foot parts in the movement of bringing the feet together. [Subjects] The subjects were 13 healthy adults: 8 males, 5 females, average age 21.6±2.5 years. [Method] We measured the locus of COP during movement of one leg in bringing the feet together from standing with the legs apart. In addition, we divided the subjects into those who ended the movement with the stepping leg in varus or valgus and compared the two groups. [Results] We found a significant correlation between the left-right value of COP in the step-off period and the left-right and anterior-posterior values of COP just after the movement to the stance foot was completed in the transfer phase. We also found significant differences between the varus and valgus groups in the left-right component in the step-off phase and the anterior-posterior and left-right components in the transfer phase. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the landing position of the foot influences the locus of the center of foot pressure in the movement of bringing the feet together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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OBJECTIVES This study was to examine the effect of the 12-week video-based non-contact corrective exercise continuum (CEC) program on the forward head posture, central asymmetry, varus and valgus knees for men and women with postural imbalance. METHODS Subjects were recruited openly by the Internet community and measured their posture with a 3D whole body scanner (Medicube WS-210, Korea), and then classified into exercise group (n=32, EG) and control group (n=32, CG). Total subjects were classified into forward head posture exercise group (n=8), central asymmetry exercise group (n=8), varus exercise group (n=8), valgus exercise group and each control group (n=8). For the non-contact home training, 12 weeks of 30 minutes/day, 3 times/week, corrective exercise continuum were conducted. The CEC program is an effective treatment to correct the anatomical alignment of the extremities as suggested by the National Academy of Sports Medicine. RESULTS As a result, the distance between the centers according to the forward head posture CEC program in EG, the angle of spinal inclination of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae, and central asymmetry were lowered (p

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Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Japanese Journal of Clinical Sports Medicine / Nihon Rinsho Supotsu is the property of Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are concepts of medial and lateral bandaging to fixing joints of limbs. Medial bandaging means bandaging toward the midline of the trunk, and lateral bandaging means bandaging away from the midline of the trunk. In inversion sprain of the ankle, medial bandaging is usually applied to induce a valgus position. In this study, difference in the varus control effect between medial and lateral bandaging of the cotton bandage was evaluated according to the talar tilt angle (TTA). The subjects were 8 male college soccer players (12 feet) with chronic mechanical instability of the ankle. Spica bandage was applied by medial and lateral bandaging in a random order using 7.5 cm wide and 6 m long cotton bandage to the ankle at neutral plantar/dorsal flexion. Plain varus stress radiography was performed with a load of 15 kg under 3 conditions, i.e., before bandaging, with medial bandaging, and with lateral bandaging. The TTA was measured in the images obtained. The images were classified into 2 groups according to the TTA before bandaging, and the difference in the TTA before and after bandaging as an index of the varus control effect was compared between medial and lateral bandaging. The varus control effect was 4.8±3.0° by medial bandaging and 3.8±2.4° by lateral bandaging with a significant difference (p<0.05) when the TTA before bandaging was 9.1° or greater. When the TTA before bandaging was less than 9.1° however, the varus control effect was 3.1±1.3° and 3.1±1.2° , respectively, with no significant difference. The results of this study suggest that both medial and lateral bandaging provides a sufficient varus control effect in mild inversion sprain of the ankle, but that the effect of lateral bandaging is insufficient when the instability is greater. The ability to apply cotton bandage is considered to vary widely among individuals depending on experience, but medial bandaging should be selected for markedly unstable ankles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We encountered two cases of ankle dislocation without fracture. Case 1 was a 27 year old woman, who was injured when playing volleyball. There was no contributory past history, but her BMI was 29 (≥25). Her ankle joint showed varus deformity, and dislocation without fracture on a roentgenogram. We reduced the dislocated ankle immediately and examined the laxity with inversion stress roentgenography under anesthesia. The talar tilt angle of her ankle showed 40-degree instability. We repaired the disrupted lateral ligaments. Thereafter, her ankle was immobilized with no weight bearing for 4 weeks. Japanese orthopaedic association score(JOA score) was 95 points 30 months post operatively. Currently, works full time. Case 2 was a 36-year-old man, who was injured playing softball. He had been healthy, but had an ankle sprain injury 3 month earlier. His ankle joint showed severe varus and inversion deformity, and dislocation without accompanying fracture on a roentgenogram. We also recognized an open 8cm wound on the ankle exposing the lateral malleolus. We performed emergency surgery to repair both the anterior talo-fibular ligament and calcaneo-fibular ligament after debridement. A below-knee cast was applied for 4 weeks before starting weight bearing. JOA score was 92 points 6 months post operatively. He enjoys playing softball at present. Dislocation of the ankle without accompanying malleolar fracture is a rare lesion. A dislocated ankle remains very unstable even after reduction. We considered it necessary to repair the ligaments of the dislocated ankle anatomically, and operated on both of these of cases. The results were satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of a heel-arch pad on anterior pelvis and knee joint acceleration and timing of the "foot flat" (FF) phase during walking. [Subjects] The subjects were 43 legs of 28 healthy adults, 22 male legs and 21 female legs. [Method] Subjects were allocated to the Early group or Delayed group according to the timing of the incidence of FF, early or delayed. Using an accelerometer, we investigated the differences in acceleration rates between the two groups and the changes in acceleration rates after fixation of the heel-arch pad. [Results] In the Early group, anterior acceleration of the knee joint increased just before FF, and just after FF anterior acceleration of the knee joint decreased. In the Delayed group, anterior acceleration of the knee and pelvis just before FF were significantly decreased by fixation of the heel-arch pad, and just after FF, anterior acceleration of the pelvis was significantly decreased by fixation of the heel-arch pad, revealing the mutual interaction of pad height and the timing of FF. [Conclusion] The results suggest the timing of FF and heel-arch pad influence anterior acceleration of the pelvis and knee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several traditional methods to fix sprained ankles that involve wrapping the joint with nonelastic cotton bandages, such as BAKUSUI (spica) and KIKKO (fan shaped), and splinting. On the basis of the talar tilt angle (TTA), we evaluated the fixed effects of a combination of BAKUSUI, SANSETSU (heel lock), and KIKKO wrapping (hereafter referred to as the study method) and those of the Judo therapy clinic (JTC) method, which is a rightward KIKKO wrapping method. The subjects were 8 male collegiate soccer players (12 feet) with chronic mechanical ankle instability. They were randomly treated with the study and JTC methods; in both methods, a 7.5-cm-wide and 6-m-long cotton bandage was wrapped around the ankle, with the joint in neutral plantar/dorsal flexion. Plain varus stress radiography was performed with a load of 150 N under 3 conditions, namely, before wrapping, after wrapping according to the study method, and after wrapping according to the JTC method. The TTAs were measured using the obtained images, and the fixed effects were compared between the right and left feet, and before and after wrapping. As a result of non-elastic cotton bandage fixation, the TTA without wrapping, after treatment with the study method, and after treatment with the JTC method were 8.6° ± 3.4° ±, 7.3° ± 3.8°, and 6.5° ± 3.8°, respectively. A significant difference was noted between the TTAs without wrapping and after treatment with the JTC method (p < 0.05). The TTAs of the right feet were 7.8° ± 3.5° before wrapping, 6.5° ± 3.3° after treatment with the study method, and 6.0° ± 3.9° after treatment with the JTC method. The corresponding values for the left feet were 9.1° ± 3.3°, 8.2° ± 3.8°, and 7.0° ± 3.2° The TTAs without wrapping and after treatment with the JTC method significantly differed for both the right and left feet (p < 0.05). The study method, which is a combination of BAKUSUI, SANSETSU, and KIKKO wrapping, does not provide adequate fixed effects. In contrast, the JTC method, which is the method only involving rightward KIKKO wrapping, provided sufficient fixed effects for both the right and left foot. These results suggest that when using the same length of a cotton bandage, increase repetition of single KIKKO wrapping has superior fixed effect than combination of BAKUSUI, SANSETSU, and KIKKO methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)