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The purpose of this study was to examine subjective sport socialization through classification of socializing reasons. Subjective sport socialization is important to get involvement activity. There are two socialization types. One is passive socialization, and the other is positive socialization. Authoer classified and compared the passive and the posive socialization. The data of this study were collected by a questionnaire mailed to 1276 children who belonged to junior yacht clubs in Japan from August to September in 1996. The main finding were as follows : 1) About 50% of the children had started yachting due to their parent's encouragement, and few children started yachting without any encouragement from others. 2) The family influences were stronger than the friend's to get started yaching. About 50% of resons to get started yachting were concerned with parents and about 20% were concerned with siblings, and 10% were concerned with friends. There are few reasons concerned about trial ride and yachting environment. 3) The children seemd to socialized passively were took a force from parents and there is no differencies among age and sex. 4) It is important reason to see the yachting for positive socialization. But there are few children motived by themself, so they started yachting through interaction with others., 7, KJ00004196710, 原著論文, Original Article

本研究は, 固形食と粉末食という食物形状の違いが, BATの熱産生に及ぼす影響を明らかにするために, 肩甲骨間BAT (IBAT) を用い, in vitro での酸素消費量等から検討した。実験には, 生後8週令のJ.c.1-SD系雄ラット36匹を用いた。ラットを平均体重がほぼ等しくなるように固形食群 (18匹) と粉末食群 (18匹) の2群に分けた。ラットはそれぞれ固形, 粉末の市販飼料 (CE-7) で, 1日2回の間欠給餌で飼育した。摂食時間は毎日08-10時, 20-22時とし自由に摂食させ, 3週間飼育した。測定項目は, 体重, 血清成分, IBATの重量及び酸素消費量とした。飼育期間中の各群の摂食量には差がみられなかった。最終体重は, 粉末食群が固形食群に比べて有意に低値を示した。IBAT総湿重量とグリコーゲン含量及び血清成分は, 両群間でいずれも有意な差が認められなかった。IBAT酸素消費量は, 総湿重量あたり, 100mg湿重量あたり, 10mgタンパクあたりの各表示で粉末食群に比べ固形食群は, 0分, 120分, 240分の各時点で, いずれも有意ではないが高値を示した。摂食に対する応答では, 両群ともに総湿重量あたり, 100mg湿重量あたりの各表示で0分時点に比べて120分時点で高値を示し, 摂食により酸素消費量が増加する傾向がみられた。特に10mgタンパクあたりの表示では, 固形食群は0分時点に比べて120分時点で有意に高値を示した。3時点の酸素消費量全てを平均した群全体の平均値は, 総湿重量あたりと10mgタンパクあたりの各表示で粉末食群に比べ固形食群が有意に高値を示した。以上のことより, 固形食と粉末食の摂取では, IBATの食後の内因性酸素消費量が固形食群で高く, DITが冗進し体重増加が抑制されることが明らかとなった。本稿を終わるにあたり, 動物の飼育及び実験に協力していただいた静岡大学卒業生の太田政子, 落合美加, 岩田良祐, 加藤義久, 田中和彦, 玉木言明, 山内浩嗣の各嬢各氏に深謝いたします。, We studied the effects of meal-form (pellet or powder) on the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) in Sprague-Dawley strain meal-fed rats. The rats were divided into two groups ; pellet-fed group (N=18) and powder-fed group (N=18). Rats were allowed to approach a standard diet twice a day (08-10 hour, 20-22 hour) for 3 weeks. The body weight, IBAT tissue weight, IBAT glycogen content and serum ingredients (glucose, free fatty acid, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol) were compared between groups at initiation of meal (0 min). Three experimental time points were set at 0, 120, and 240 min after meal initiation. Oxygen consumption of the IBAT was also compared between groups at the three experimental time points. There was no significant difference of food intake between the two groups. Body weight of the pellet-fed group was significantly lower than that of the powder-fed group. The wet weight of the IBAT and glycogen contents per wet weight were not influenced by the meal-form. Serum ingredients were also not influenced by the meal-form. The oxygen consumption of the IBAT in the pellet-fed group tended to be higher than that of the powder-fed group at 0 min. Oxygen consumption of the IBAT per 10mg protein in the pellet-fed group at 120 min after meal initiation was significantly higher than that at 0 min. The average oxygen consumption at the three experimental points in the IBAT of the pellet-fed group was significantly higher than that of the powder-fed group expressed per total wet weight and per 10mg of protein. These results indicated that heat production of the IBAT in the pellet-fed group was higher than that of the powder-fed group before and after meal initiation. Therefore, the meal-form may be one of the important factors related to body weight gain., 11, KJ00004196585, 原著論文, Original article

本研究では, 1日2食の時間制限食で飼育した生後5週令の雄ラットを用いて, 活動期初期の1回の摂食に対する体熱産生応答にBATがいかなる関与をしているかについて検討した。主な結果は以下のとうりである。1) IBAT総湿重量は, 0時点に対し摂食開始後の全ての時点で有意な差が認められなかった。摂食開始前180時点と0時点の比較ではIBAT総湿重量と体重100gあたりの湿重量ともに0時点が有意に軽かった。摂食群と欠食群で240分時点で欠食群が重かった。2) 1gあたりのIBATグリコーゲン含量は0時点に比べ摂食開始後90, 180分時点で有意に高値を示した。総グリコーゲン含量は0時点に比べ摂食開始後60, 90, 120, 180分時点で有意に高値を示した。摂食群と欠食群を比べると180, 240両時点で摂食群が有意に高値を示した。IBATの蛋白質濃度は摂食に伴う経時的変化はみられなかった。3) IBAT酸素消費量は10mgタンパク質あたり, 100mg湿重量あたりおよび総湿重量あたりの全ての表示で0時点に比べ摂食開始後の全時点で有意な差は認められなかった。摂食開始前180分と0時点を比べると, 0時点が180時点に比べ全ての表示で有意に高値を示した。摂食群と欠食群の比較では欠食群が高値を示す傾向にあった。4) 10mgタンパクあたりのIBAT酸素消費量と他の項目との相関についてみると, 体重とグリコーゲン含量に対しては有意な弱い正の相関がみられ, 組織重量とタンパク質含量に対しては有意な弱い負の相関がみられた。以上, 1日2食の Meal-feeding で飼育したラットの摂食に対するIBATの応答がこれまでの報告と一部異なることから, 摂食様式の違いによるDITに対するBATの関与も異なることが示唆された。また, IBATの酸素消費量が摂食開始前に比べ開始時にすでに高まっていたことから, Meal-feeding によりIBATは摂食に対して予知的に応答することが示唆された。, The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the major site of heat production in mammalian ther-mogenesis. We investigated the time course of metabolic response in the interscapular BAT (IBAT) to a single time-restricted meal in Wistar strain meal-fed rats. Rats (N=69) were allowed to approach a standard diet twice a day (08-09 hour, 20-21 hour) for 14 days. Eight experimental time points were set : 180 min before meal initiation, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min after meal initiation. Meal-deprived groups were prepared 180 and 240 min after meal initiation. Wet weight of the IBAT was not influenced by the meal. This weight at the initiation of meal was less than that of 180 min before meal. The IBAT glycogen contents per 1g wet weight measured 90, 180 min after meal initiation were higher than those at the initiation of meal. The IBAT total glycogen contents measured 60, 90, 120, 180 min after meal initiation were higher than those at the initiation of meal. The glycogen content of the IBAT in meal-fed group was higher than that of meal-deprived group measured 180 and 240 min after meal initiation. No change was observed in the IBAT protein content. Oxygen consumption of the IBAT was not influenced by the meal on the time course after the meal. This oxygen consumption at the initiation of meal was higher than that 180 min before meal. The correlations of oxygen consumption of the IBAT per 10mg protein to other items were observed (positive to body weight and glycogen content, negative to tissue weight and protein content). These results were slightly different from previous studies. Participation of the IBAT to diet-induced thermogenesis was influenced by meal-feeding pattern. In addition, heat production of the IBAT in meal-fed rats was responded expectantly to the meal., 17, KJ00004196508, 原著論文