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本研究は，以下２つの研究助成のもと実施したものである。 ①中国四国教育学会・2022 2023 年度課題研究助成「『歴史的な見方・考え方』の指導を重視した若手歴史教師の変容的発達に関する実証的研究」（研究代表者：玉井慎也） ②広島大学創発的次世代研究者育成・支援プログラム・2021-2022 年度研究助成「市民性教育化する歴史教育の国際的な新潮流」（研究代表者：玉井慎也）

有機薄膜太陽電池 (organic photovoltaics, OPV) は，低温で安価な塗布プロセスによって製造可能な次世代太陽電池として注目されている．OPVの発電層には一般的に二種類の有機半導体材料の混合膜を用いるが，これに吸収帯の異なる有機半導体材料を第三成分として加えることで，光吸収領域が拡大しエネルギー変換効率を向上させることができる．本稿では，p型材料として高結晶性ポリマー，n型材料としてフラーレン誘導体を用い，第三成分として非フラーレンn型材料を加えた三元系OPVについて紹介する．この三元系素子では，第三成分はホストとなるポリマーおよびフラーレン誘導体より含有量が非常に少ないものの，ポリマーと同様の外部量子収率を示すことで，ホスト二元系素子に比べて大幅に効率が向上した．これは，光干渉効果により第三成分の光吸収が増幅されることに起因する．第三成分を少量加えるだけで高効率化が可能であるため，今後のOPV開発において重要な手法として期待される．, Significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics has been made in the last decade. Ternary blend OPVs (organic photovoltaics), in which three organic semiconductors are blended to absorb wide range of the incident light, have shown to be an important strategy for improving the efficiency. Here, we show a ternary blend OPV system that used a high-crystalline polymer and a fullerene derivative as the host binary blend system and a nonfullerene n-type material as the third component. It was found that even with a small amount of the third component, optical absorption can be enhanced by the optical interference effect, which significantly boosted the efficiency of the ternary blend cell compared to the binary blend cell.

現行の教育改革において、特別支援教育と教科教育の視点を統合できる教師の専門性開発が求められている。本稿の目的は、こうした教科の教師の専門性開発を進める上での基礎資料を提供することである。 そこで、自閉症・情緒障害特別支援学級で勤務する社会科教師（第一著者）を事例に、どのような実践を行ったか（技術的省察）、なぜそのような実践を行ったか（実践的省察）、実践を通してどのような葛藤を感じ、そこから何を学んだか（批判的省察）について説明した。このように、実践に埋め込まれた暗黙知を形式知化することで、次の２点を専門性開発のための基礎資料として提供した。（１）多様な役割葛藤を抱えているという構造的要因によって、特別支援教育と教科教育の視点を統合するゲートキーピングに困難性が生じること。（２）自らの障害観の特性や課題を「社会モデル」概念からふり返ることで、特別支援教育と教科教育の視点を統合するゲートキーピングに変化をもたらす可能性が生じること。 本稿の事例を踏まえ、どのように特別支援教育と教科教育の視点を統合していくかについて省察する方法も今後さらなる検討が求められる。, The current educational reform requires the professional development of teachers who can integrate the perspectives of special needs education and subject education. This paper aims to provide a foundation for the reform of the professional development of subject teachers. Specifically, we use a case study of a social studies junior high school teacher working at a special-needs classroom to explain the process of reflection on how he practiced, what ambivalences he faced, and what he learned through his review. There are three stages of the reflection process: technical, practical reflection, and critical reflection. The following two points are the results of reflection, which verbalized the tacit knowledge embedded in the practice and provided it as explicit knowledge. (1) Difficulties in gatekeeping to integrate the perspectives of special support education and academic education arise due to the structural factors of having various role conflicts. (2) Reflecting on the characteristics and challenges of one’s own view of disability from the concept of the “social model” may bring about a change in gatekeeping that integrates the perspectives of special support education and subject education. The reflection presented in the case study in this paper could be helpful information to improve the professional devolvement of subject teachers.

論文(Article)

In this paper, we present the results of the development of thirty digital contents in “NONTA Classroom”, for deepening regional understanding. We propose the pedagogical foundations for implementing them in the curriculum of elementary school education. We conceived of an online local study for elementary school social studies, in which the Board of Education mediates between Educational Vison Research Institute (EVRI) of Hiroshima University and elementary schools in Higashi-Hiroshima City. Future research will examine how children’s citizenship and teachers’ curriculum design are improved in the context of actual practice.

2018年度から開始した「非核化達成のための要因分析と技術的プロセスに関する研究」の一環で、南アフリカの核開発及び非核化の事例を調査し、それらを7つの非核化要因((1)核開発の動機、(2)非核化決断時の内外情勢、(3)核開発の進捗度、(4)制裁の効果、(5)非核化のインセンティブ、(6)非核化の国際的枠組、(7)非核化の方法及び非核化の検証)から分析すると共に、同国の非核化の特徴及び非核化からの教訓を導いた。南アフリカは、1970年代にその原子力活動を、「平和的核爆発」の研究開発から、「限定的な核抑止力」の開発へ、さらに「運搬可能な核兵器」の製造に移行させ、1980年代後半までに自主開発・生産した高濃縮ウランを使用し6つの核爆発装置を完成させた。しかし1989年にアパルトヘイト政策の撤廃と共に非核化を決断し、自ら核爆発装置及び関連施設等を廃棄し、核兵器不拡散条約に加入して国際原子力機関(IAEA)と包括的保障措置協定(CSA)を締結・発効させ、IAEAの検証を受け、その後、核開発のペナルティを受けることなく非核兵器国として国際社会に復帰した。以降、南アフリカは現在に至るまで原子力の平和的利用を継続している稀有な国であり、特にその自主的な非核化は今後必要とされ得る非核化の参考例になると思われる。南アフリカが非核化を決断した主な要因は、冷戦緩和に伴う南部アフリカ地域の安全保障環境の改善であり、それに加え、同国のデ・クラーク大統領が、主にアパルトヘイト政策に起因する制裁等により余儀なくされていた国際的な孤立状態の改善と、国内の政治・経済の疲弊状態からの脱却が必要であるとの強い意志を抱いていたことである。そしてデ・クラーク大統領がその意志を貫くには、アパルトヘイト制度の撤廃と共に非核化の完遂が必要不可欠であった。今後必要とされ得る非核化の検証の観点からの教訓としては、検証の正確性及び完全性の向上を図る上で、核兵器等の廃棄と同時並行的に検証活動を行う必要があること、また非核化対象国による核物質等の隠蔽(未申告)を防止するために、非核化対象国が検証前にIAEAとCSAに加え追加議定書を締結することが望ましい。さらに非核化の方法について、核兵器(核爆発装置を含む)及び関連資機材や施設の廃棄等の他に、核活動に携わった技術者や科学者が有する核関連の技術やノウハウの拡散を防ぐ手段が必要とされることが挙げられる。, As part of the "Research on Factor Analysis and Technical Processes for Achieving Denuclearization" South Africa's nuclear development and denuclearization cases were investigated then analyzed from seven denuclearization factors namely (1) motivation for nuclear development, (2) internal and external situations at the time of denuclearization decision, (3) progress of nuclear development, (4) effects of sanctions, (5) incentives for denuclearization, (6) international framework for denuclearization, (7) denuclearization and verification methods. At the same time, characteristics of its denuclearization and lessons learned from the denuclearization were also analyzed. South Africa shifted its nuclear activities from research and development of "peaceful nuclear detonation" in the 1970s to developing "limited nuclear deterrence" and finally to manufacturing "transportable nuclear weapons" in the late 1980s. By then, it had completed producing six nuclear explosive devices using highly enriched uranium. However, in 1989, along with the abolition of the apartheid policy, South Africa decided denuclearization and dismantled its nuclear explosive devices and related facilities. Upon completion of dismantlement, it joined the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and concluded a Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA) with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The South Africa has remained one of the rare countries that has continued to the peaceful use nuclear energy, and its voluntary denuclearization is considered as a good example of denuclearization in the future.

This paper examines how pre-service social studies teachers handle controversial issues in their practice. Based on the results, suggestions for improving the social studies teacher training curriculum are obtained. Previous social studies suggested that teacher training programs must be reformed in order to enhance the practice of controversial issues learning, but the specifics of the reforms have not been clarified. This is partly because, although previous studies focus on in-service teachers, there has been little research to clarify the perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding teaching about controversial issues. In this paper, we examined the selection and handling of controversial issues by prospective social studies teachers based on questionnaires and interviews with Japanese prospective social studies teachers. The results suggest the following two points. First, there is a need to visualize and verbalize the prospective teachers’ concerns and gatekeeping process with regard to the teacher training curriculum. Second, for teacher education research, there is a need to strengthen cooperation with outside social studies and to expand the role of teachers., 本研究はJSPS科研費19K14239の助成を受けたものである。

2018年度から開始した「非核化達成のための要因分析と技術的プロセスに関する研究」の一環として、イラクの原子力・核開発及び非核化の事例を調査し、併せて非核化の特徴を分析すると共に、イラクの非核化からから導き出し得る教訓について考察した。イラクは、1974年のインド核実験を契機として秘密裏の核開発に乗り出し、当初は自国でのプルトニウム生産、後に高濃縮ウラン生産に焦点を当てTuwaitha原子力研究所を中心に、ウラン濃縮施設(電磁同位体分離法及び遠心分離法施設)や核兵器研究開発施設等を建設した。イラクの非核化は、1991年の湾岸戦争での敗北により、同年の国際連合安全保障理事会決議第687号(1991)を受入れざるを得なかったことから始まる。同決議は、イラクの非核化を含む大量破壊兵器(WMD)廃棄の枠組みを規定しており、うち非核化に係り、国際原子力機関(IAEA)は、国際連合大量破壊兵器廃棄特別委員会(UNSCOM)の支援と協力を得て、イラクの過去の核活動の検証及びイラクによる核物質や核関連施設及び設備・機器等の廃棄、撤去、無害化等の監視・検証を行い、1997年後半までにイラクの核開発の全体像を明らかにした。イラクの非核化の特徴としては、イラクが非核化を受入れざるを得なかったこと、検証を行うIAEAに対して、後にIAEA保障措置協定追加議定書(AP)として結実した未申告の核活動を探知することが可能な査察手段や方法を実施する権限が付与されたこと、イラクのWMD廃棄を促進させるための経済制裁がそれほど功を奏しなかったこと、さらにイラクの非核化とその後のイラク戦争によるフセイン体制の崩壊が、リビア、北朝鮮及びイランの非核化に影響を与えたこと等が挙げられる。またイラクの非核化の教訓としては、APの普遍化や、不正利用されることがなく本来目的に適う経済制裁の必要性、外交交渉等の努力による非核化対象国にも非核化のインセンティブを段階的に与えられるような、かつ明確なロードマップを伴った非核化の枠組みや措置の必要性等が挙げられる。, As part of the "Research on Factor Analysis and Technical Processes for Achieving Denuclearization" started in 2018, comprehensive survey of nuclear development and denuclearization of Iraq was conducted, together with analysis of the characteristics and lessons learned from the denuclearization. Iraq's clandestine nuclear weapon related activities were initially focused on plutonium production, but it then switched its focus on producing highly enriched uranium, and built various facilities, including electromagnetic isotope separation (EMIS) and centrifuge uranium enrichment facilities. Denuclearization of Iraq began with the defeat in the 1991 Gulf War, which forced Iraq to accept United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) that year. The Resolution set out a framework for destruction, removal, or rendering harmless of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs. Within the framework, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), with the support and cooperation of the newly established United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM), had verified Iraq's past nuclear activities and denuclearization. Characteristics of Iraq's denuclearization include that 1) Iraq had no choice but to accept denuclearization, 2) IAEA was empowered to implement detectable inspection measures and methods, which later came to fruition as the IAEA Safeguards Agreement Additional Protocol (AP), 3) economic sanctions for the purpose of promoting denuclearization of Iraq were not very successful, and 4) denuclearization of Iraq and subsequent Iraq war, together with collapse of the Hussein regime, has affected the denuclearization of Libya, North Korea and Iraq. Furthermore, the lessons learned from the denuclearization are 1) the need for universalization of AP, and necessities for 2) economic sanctions that are suitable for the original purposes without being abused, 3) the need for diplomatic efforts including denuclearization frameworks and measures with a clear roadmap

第一部同志社大学学習支援・教育開発センター活動報告(1)ラーニング・コモンズ活動報告

The aim of this study is to design the peace education unit, which support the students to achieve the two goals: (1) to reconstruct their own notions of peace, and (2) to acquire interdisciplinary concepts and apply them to find and describe the (non-)peaceful situations in our usual life. Therefore, we developed and implemented a concept based inquiry unit (18 class hours) at Hiroshima Global Academy (HiGA) middle school by contextualize the previous unit plan into the integrated learning program on “Global Justice.” As a result, we could choose the six concepts explaining a nonviolent but threatening the peaceful governance, human relation, and agency, demonstrate the social examples to apply them, and set a controversy defining the criteria of peace. The first outcome of this study is that we show the curricular-instructional gatekeeping adjusting to the school context of HiGA. The second is to find the relations between the students' learning of peace concepts and the reconstruction of peace notion.

On June 28, 2019, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry（METI）released the “Fair M&A Guidelines”（“Guidelines”）. The Guideline proposes various practical measures, called “Fairness Ensuring Measures,” which are intended to ensure the substantive fairness of MBOs by encouraging parties to MBOs to adopt them and ensuring that MBOs are conducted through fair procedures. In the case of MBOs, the most important measure proposed by the Guidelines is the market check, because the effectiveness of ensuring the fairness of MBOs may vary greatly depending on how the market check is conducted. The Guidelines classify market checks into three categories: pre-signing market checks, post-signing go-shops, and post-signing indirect markets. In the case of MBOs, post-signing market checks are ineffective because the MBO acquirer is in a structurally advantageous position. Since pre-signing market checks are theoretically superior as a method of legal discipline for MBOs and are the most effective in ensuring fairness in MBOs, the implementation of pre-signing market checks should be encouraged. To this end, when examining whether or not an MBO is procedurally fair, the court should, in principle, consider that the MBO is not conducted through fair procedures if the pre-signing market check is not effectively conducted.

【目的】 本研究は，自身や家族が進行がんであると想定したときの大学生の進行がん告知の認識と終末期ケアの教育の受講経験との関連を明らかにすることを目的とする。 【方法】 大学生を対象に無記名質問紙調査を実施した。自身および家族が進行がんであると想定した場合の「病名」「予後」「積極的治療中止」に関する告知の認識を，リッカート尺度で評価した。進行がん告知の認識との関連要因はロジスティック回帰分析を行った。 【結果】 ２大学419名のから回答が得られた（有効回答率78.3％）。内訳は看護系205名（48.9％），看護系以外214名（51.1％）であり，終末期ケアの教育を受講した経験がある者は212名（50.6％）であった。自身が進行がんであると想定した場合，病名，予後，積極的治療中止において告知を希望する者は約９割であり，一方，家族が進行がんと想定した場合，病名告知では約７割，予後および積極的治療中止の告知では約６割であった。進行がん告知の認識と終末期ケアの教育の受講経験との関係は，家族が進行がんであると想定した場合のみ病名（OR:2.66, p=0.003），予後（OR=2.02, p=0.015），積極的治療中止（OR=2.18, p=0.007）の告知の認識との間に有意な関連が認められた。 【結論】家族が進行がんと想定した場合の大学生の告知の認識と終末期ケアの教育の経験には有意な関連があった。, 【Purpose】The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between recognition of notification of advanced cancer and experience in receiving end-of-life care education in university students. 【Method 】An anonymous questionnaire survey targeting 419 students from two universities was carried out （effective response ratio: 78.3%）. Under the presumption that one of their family members has advanced cancer, the students were questioned regarding whether they wanted notification at the time of “disease name,” “prognosis,” and “discontinuation of positive treatment,” using a Likert scale. Regarding recognition of notification of advanced cancer and related factors, logistic regression analysis was performed. 【Results】The subjects were 212 persons （50.6%） who had experience in receiving end-of-life care education. Assuming the respondents had progressive cancer, about 90% of the respondents wanted to be notified in all three situations. But 327 persons wanted notification to the family of disease name （78.0%）, 281 persons wanted notification of prognosis （67.1%）, and 283 persons wanted notification of discontinuation of aggressive treatment （67.5%）. Regarding recognition of notification to the family and its related factors, there was a significant correlation between recognition of notification and “experience in receiving education on end-of-life care,” [disease name: OR=2.66, p=0.003; prognosis: OR=2.02, p=0.015; discontinuation of aggressive treatment: OR=2.18, p=0.007]. 【Conclusion】Under the presumption that a family member has advanced cancer, recognition of notification of advanced cancer was found to be related to the experience of receiving end-of-life care education.

赤外光レーザーを人工内耳に応用することで、外科手術を必要としない新たな聴覚補助具を開発できる。本研究の目的は、赤外光レーザー人工内耳に用いる最適な音声エンコード法を、模擬音声を用いて確立することである．模擬音として老人聴覚モデル音（AHLsim）と赤外光レーザー模擬音（CMS）を用いた．結果としてAHSsimにCMSを加え聴取すると正答率が上昇した．これは赤外光レーザーで老人の音声聴取を支援できる可能性を示唆している．, Cochlear implants are widely used to compensate for the hearing loss, but the devices require surgery to insert the electrodes into the cochlea. Stimulating the auditory nerves with an infrared laser may produce hearing without the surgery. The purpose of this study was to establish the speech encoding scheme for an auditory prosthesis with an infrared laser, and evaluate its efficacy for age-related hearing loss (AHL). We synthesized Click-modulated sound (CMS) as simulation sounds for the laser auditory prosthesis, and age-related hearing loss simulation sounds (AHLsim). Six native Japanese speakers with normal hearing participated in the experiment, and AHLsim, CMS, or AHLsim and CMS simultaneously (AHLsim+CMS) were presented. They reported their perceptions of each stimulus. As a result, the correct answer rate of AHLsim+CMS was significantly higher than that of AHLsim, especially for consonants in the high frequency area (i.e. K, S, H). Our data suggest that irradiating the high-frequency region with an infrared laser may support speech recognition of elderly people.

Currently, there is a growing policy interest in learning about controversial issue as part of voting learning against a backdrop of social change. However, the study of controversial issues in social studies education began already in the 1970s, and a certain amount of research has been accumulated up to the present. This paper examines the previous studies related to ‘learning about controversial issues’ from the perspective of “educational borrowing” in order to the characteristics of Japanese educational research. A literature search of CiNii and Google scholar database was conducted, using the following key words: Ronsomondai (Controversial Issues), Gakushu (Learning), Syakaika (social studies), Jugyo (Lesson). The findings reveal that these studies have been reflected by Japanese context around academic, policy and practical context. Learning about controversial issues could support existing social studies theories, but it also gives questions existing social studies practice.

On June 28, 2019, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry（METI）formulated the “Fair M&A Guidelines : Enhancing Corporate Value and Securing Shareholders’ Interests”（“Guidelines”）. The substantive law in Japan applied to freezeout transactions does not sufficiently protect the interests of the minority shareholders of the target corporations. The Guidelines are formulated to improve their interests in freezeout transactions by supplementing the deficiencies of Japanese substantive law in the freezeout context with various practical and procedural measures, which are called “Practical Specific Measures（Measures to Ensure Transaction Fairness）” and voluntarily adopted by the parties of the transactions. The measures proposed by the Guidelines would not be sufficient to secure substantive fairness of the transactions, because their measures are designed to solve controlling shareholders’ conflict of interests in that context by resorting to the efforts of independent outside directors of the target corporations and special committees composed of them, not restricting the controlling power of controlling shareholders. The proposal of the Guidelines has structural difficulties and the productive outcome could hardly be expected. Judicial and/or legislative restrictions on controlling shareholders, including fiduciary duty of controlling shareholders, should be required to ensure substantive fairness of freezeout transactions.

This study proposes the Japanese history lesson aiming for promoting deeper understanding diversity because the previous studies in relation to historical inquiry in Japan did not mention about connection with diversity. After conducting the lessons, we found that students mentioned the differences of people’s value between past and present based on the social structure and notions. At the end of study we suggested the reform of history education have more possibilities to develop democratic citizenship.

論文(Article)

将来的に期待される非核化を成功裏に、また効果的かつ効率的に導く方策を見いだすため、2018年度から「非核化達成のための要因分析と技術的プロセスに関する研究」を実施している。本報告書はこのうち、前半部分の非核化のための要因分析」に係り、非核化の事例調査と要因分析の結果を取り纏めたものである。まず非核化対象国として、南アフリカ、イラク、リビア、ウクライナ、カザフスタン、ベラルーシ、北朝鮮、イラン、シリアを選び、各々の国の核開発及び非核化の経緯やその特徴を調査・分析した。次に国際社会が非核化対象国の非核化を導く方策を考察する上で、鍵となる主に8つの非核化要因((1)核開発の動機、(2)非核化決断時点の内外情勢、(3)核開発の進捗度、(4)制裁等の効果、(5)非核化の国際的枠組み等、(6)非核化の対価(インセンティブ)、(7)非核化の方法、(8)非核化の検証方法・検証者)を導いた。最後に、上記の対象国のうちシリアを除く8か国の非核化事例における(1)$\sim$(8)の非核化要因の内容を抽出した。そして各々が非核化に有効であったか、そうでなかった場合その理由は何か、さらに非核化を成功裏に、また効果的かつ効率的に導くには、これらの要因について何をどのようになすべきか等も併せて考察した。このような結果は、今後の非核化の技術的プロセスに関する研究のベースとなると共に、まだ非核化が達成されていない国の非核化をどのように導いていくかを考察する上で、一助となると思われる。, In order to find ways to lead the denuclearization successfully, effectively, and efficiently in the future, "Research on factor analysis and technical process for achieving denuclearization" has been conducted since 2018. This report covers the first half of the research, namely "Factor analysis for denuclearization", summarizing the results of the case study and factor analysis of denuclearization. First, South Africa, Iraq, Libya, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, North Korea, Iran and Syria were selected as the initial research target countries, and the history of nuclear development as well as characteristics of denuclearization in each country were investigated and analyzed. Next, in order to consider the measures for the international community to lead the denuclearization of the target countries, eight main denuclearization factors ((1) Motivation for nuclear development, (2) Internal and external situation at the time of the denuclearization, (3) Progress of nuclear development, (4) Effects of sanctions, (5) International framework for denuclearization, (6) Incentives for denuclearization, (7) Denuclearization method, (8) Verification method/verifier) were found out. Finally, the contents of each denuclearization factor from (1) to (8)) in above target countries except Syria were analyzed, together with whether each factor was effective for denuclearization or not. In addition, in order to lead denuclearization effectively and efficiently, what should be done in relation to the eight factors were considered. These results are expected to serve as a basis for research on the technological process of denuclearization, and to help considering the way to accomplish denuclearization.

2018年度から開始した「非核化達成のための要因分析と技術的プロセスに関する研究」の一環で、リビアの核開発及び非核化の事例を調査し、その非核化の特徴を分析した。リビアについては、独裁者カダフィ氏が革命による政権奪取後の1970年台初頭から国内支持基盤の確立とアラブ社会における地位の確保を目指して大量破壊兵器(WMD)の開発・取得に関心を寄せているとの疑惑があり、米英の諜報機関も注視していたとされるが、その実態については長らく国際社会に明らかにされていなかった。1980年代に入り、同国のテロ支援及び航空機テロの実行に対する国際社会の制裁強化により、経済が疲弊し社会混乱に陥っていたことは、2000年代初頭にWMD開発を断念し非核化を決断した一因と考えられる。この決断を促した要因には、経済制裁に加え、ほぼ同時進行していたイラク戦争により、同様にWMDを志向していたイラクのフセイン体制の崩壊を目の当たりにしたことや、ドイツ船籍の船舶が米国の臨検を受けた際、リビアによる遠心分離機資機材の秘密裏の調達が暴かれ動かぬ証拠を握られたことが挙げられる。リビアの非核化プロセスの進行は早かったが、これは、リビアが非核化の決断を反故にして核開発に逆戻りすることを阻止するという米英をはじめ国際社会の意思に加え、米英等の非核化プロセスのメイン・プレイヤーの役割分担が明確化されていたこと、リビアサイドは独裁者の一存で物事が決められたこと、更には、イラクの事例が見せしめ的な効果をもたらしたことが奏功したと考えられる。非核化の検証には国際原子力機関(IAEA)が中心的な役割を果たした。当時、包括的保障措置協定を締結していたリビア国内における全ての関連施設・活動を検認するため、追加議定書の署名を同国に促すとともに、批准前の段階から、リビアの積極的な協力を得て、補完的なアクセスに加えて、追加議定書で認められている以上の活動も行って、リビアの核開発計画の全容を解明することに成功した。核物質及び関連資機材等のリビア国内からの撤去とその検証により、リビアの非核化は成功裏に終了したが、その成功の要因には、上述したほかにリビアの科学技術力が未発達で、自前の開発及び秘密裏に調達した資機材を活用する能力がなかったことも検証の結果、判明している。こうした国際社会の成功体験から、リビアの事例は非核化の良好事例とされており, As a part of "Research on Factor Analysis and Technical Process for Achieving Denuclearisation", investigation on Libya's cases of nuclear development and denuclearisation, and analysis of its characteristics have been conducted. Libya had been suspected that dictator Qadaffi had an interest in the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) since early 1970s after his revolution. US and UK intelligence were focusing on Libya's situation; however, actual status was not revealed for a long time. In 1980s, Libya faced to economic exhaustion due to sanctions from the international community against Libya's supporting terrorism. Libya decided to abandon WMD development and its denuclearisation in early 2000s. Several factors to prompt Libya's decisions can be highlighted; economic sanctions; witnessing regime collapse of President Hussein due to Iraq War who aimed at WMD; revealing secret procurement of centrifuge equipment through the inspection of German-flagged ships by US. Libya's denuclearisation was rapidly implemented to prevent Libya from reverting to nuclear development through well-coordinated roles among main players, quick decisions by Libyan side, and warning effect of Iraqi case. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) played a central role in the verification of all related facilities and activities in Libya. Through safeguards activities beyond those permitted by Additional Protocol (AP), IAEA evaluated the whole Libya's nuclear programme. The denuclearisation was successfully completed by removal of nuclear materials and related equipment from Libya. It was also revealed that Libya's technological capabilities had not well developed to utilize procured materials and equipment. Libya's case is regarded in the international community as a good practice of denuclearisation. On the other hand, Qadaffi administration was overthrown by the democratisation movement that occurred after denuclearisation. It might be understood as a miserable end

日本のラブコメは若者のための若者が主人公の物語と評され、主人公とヒロインの宙ぶらりんの関係が続くとされている。2010年代後半のライトノベルを見ていくと、既存のラブコメに当てはまらない作品が存在する。一つはファスト風土化した地方都市・郊外を舞台にした作品では、新しい価値観を見出すことができる。またラブコメは学校を舞台とし、教室を描くことが多く、スクールカーストがよく取り上げられる。スクールカーストの階層を超えていく物語が多いが、逆に構造を追認・強化してしまっている。しかしそのスクールカーストの構造を突破するためには、幼なじみの存在が重要であり、地縁的関係性が先行して存在し、物語において若者の悩みと逡巡、変化を見事に体現している。, Japanese romantic comedies have been described as stories about young people for young people, with the hero and heroine in a constant state of limbo. If you look at light novels from the late 2010s, there are works that do not fit into the existing romantic comedy category. One can find a new sense of values in works set in regional cities and suburbs that have become “Fast Climate”. Also, romantic comedies are often set in schools and depict classrooms, and school caste is often discussed. Many of these stories transcend the hierarchy of the school caste, but on the other hand, they also recognize and reinforce the structure. However, in order to break through the structure of the school caste, the existence of childhood friends is important, and the pre-existence of geographical relationships beautifully embodies the worries, hesitations, and changes of young people in the story.

2021, 【要旨】

[第20回情報科学技術フォーラム: FIT2021] 2021.8.25(水)-27(金), オンライン開催.

巻頭言(Foreword)