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The purpose of this paper is to trace the actual situation of wooden temporary housing, including habitability from supply to diversion, to obtain knowledge for the long-term use of it, and to extract guidelines for future temporary housing. After surveying documents and literature on the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, we conducted a questionnaire survey on interaction and habitability among residents of diverted houses in Uki City, Kumamoto Prefecture, and asked the Kumamoto Prefectural Government and municipalities in the prefecture about wooden temporary housing. As a result, it became clear that many of the wooden temporary housing had been diverted to public housing by the municipalities. The following findings were obtained. -The diverted public housing is inferior to post-disaster public housing in terms of habitability. There is room for further improvement. -When planning temporary housing, it should be located near existing communities to prevent residents from becoming isolated. -If the municipality builds all the necessary number of new public housing units, there is a high possibility of oversupply in the future, assuming long-term maintenance of the public housing units. If temporary housing is diverted, this will not happen because of its short life span. Therefore, when providing temporary housing in future disasters, it is important to consider mitigating relocation damage and balancing the housing supply., 長崎大学大学院工学研究科研究報告, 52(99), pp.15-21; 2022

This paper summarizes the public support at each stage of reconstruction for the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. Then, the supply and management methods of disaster public housing are discussed. We conducted interviews and questionnaires to Kumamoto Prefecture and municipalities. As a result of the survey, in towns where the disaster was severe, up to more than 30% of the residents evacuated to evacuation centers. After that, about a quarter of the victims who were living in there moved to temporary housing. In addition, about 20% of them chose public disaster housing. Half of the residents there are elderly people who have difficulty rebuilding their homes. In constructing the new housing, the local government has planned households with children as the new tenants, and is considering the sustainability of the new housing in consideration of the landscape. The site has the potential to become a center for multigenerational exchange., 長崎大学大学院工学研究科研究報告, 52(98), pp.51-58; 2022

Temporary housing prepared for natural disaster is determined by law to be demolished two years later in the Japanese present system. However, for the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake 683 out of 4,303 temporary housings were made of timber and some of them was diverted to permanent housings. In the previous report, we analyzed whether timber temporary housings were diverted or not according to former land use. In this study, we researched process of residents moving after diversion and details of renovation for diversion. Accordingly, we considered the roles fulfilled by diverted timber temporary housings every municipality.

The purpose of this study is to assess changes in the community of the temporary housing. Understanding the process of community change is important. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey on the changes from moving in to consolidating after the Kumamoto earthquake. As a result, it became clear that it is important for NPOs, municipalities, and local communities to provide events and intangible support to disaster victims especially during the consolidating period., 長崎大学大学院工学研究科研究報告, 51(96), pp.34-42; 2021

一般論文, 本稿は、平成30年7月豪雨で被災した広島県安芸郡坂町における兵庫県立大学減災復興政策研究科災害支援チームの支援活動を事例とし、災害後の生活再建期における支援者のかかわり方について論じるものである。仮設住宅への入居にあたり、もともとの地域コミュニティの分断や、再建の見通しが立たないなどの問題が生じており、それに対する支援チームの取り組みとしてサロン活動や「復興塾」を紹介する。また、再建の過程において、住民それぞれの選択の中での迷いや不安が生じており、そのような不安や喪失感からの回復にとって「人」を入り口としたアプローチが有効であることを指摘する。最後に、時間感覚という視点で支援のかかわり方をとらえ直し、円環的な時間を共にすごすことを「共にいる」かかわり、そのかかわりを積み重ねることで螺旋的な時間を共に進むことを「共に歩く」かかわりとし、このような時間を共有することで被災者の主体性が回復することを論じる。, This paper presents an approach to disaster recovery based on the participant–observation activities of the Disaster Recovery Support Team representing the Graduate School of Disaster Resilience and Governance, University of Hyogo. This case study was conducted in Saka Town, Hiroshima Prefecture, which suffered from the 2018 Western Japan heavy rains. During the time survivors spent in post-disaster temporary housing, there arose problems related to disruption of local community relations and anxiety regarding reconstruction. In this case study, we introduce examples of salon activities and "Hukkou Juku", a form of seminar and workshop as the approach of our Support Team to address these problems. Our approach, essentially a "personal" approach was demonstrated to be effective during recovery in reducing anxiety and the sense of loss among survivors. We also considered support from the perspective of time; “being with” survivors means to spend time together in a circular manner and “walking with” means to go together in a spiral timeframe. Sharing such time will contribute to recovery of independence among survivors.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance between wooden temporary housing and raise future issues. This survey is useful method to understand the transition of wooden temporary housing. In addition, we compare the performance of wooden temporary houses with prefabricated temporary houses in the Kumamoto earthquake. As a result, it was found that the evaluation of wooden housing is better than that of prefabricated temporary houses in terms of the living performance.

We revealed the transition of function and habitability of temporary housing by literature review. Also we conducted interviews and questionnaires survey in several municipal corporations in KUMAMOTO prefecture especially NISHIHARA village and NATORI city in MIYAGI prefecture. As a result of the survey, the housing function and habitability has been improved, but improvement of specifications and workability is required. Regarding the occupancy method, even when the previous community was not maintained, a new community was formed. The meeting places are most used as a place of communication. Benches and trash locations became the ensuing consequences to them. Regarding the location, in order to use public facilities, it is desirable that parks and public facilities are located at a distance of about 1 km. In reduction and integration period in temporary housing, residents needs support such as management support of self-governing association and care of heart.

As of January 2016, there are 178,000 evacuees forced to leave their homes by the Great East Japan Earthquake（GEJE）and 65,704 temporary prefabricated housing units. Within two or three years of both the Hanshin Awaji and Chuetsu Earthquakes an incremental growth in the suicide rate among disaster was observed. In an effort to determine the cause for this we interviewed twenty of the elderly people who were evacuated after the GEJE. The subjects were 20 people over 65 years old who have been living in temporary housing for 3 years. They were interviewed in person using a semi-structured questionnaire in 2014. Most of the participants had been engaged in agriculture or fishery and had experienced the sudden loss of family members, friends, and property in the aftermath of the GEJE. Findings indicate that individuals who had less emotional and financial support had experienced greater feeling of sadness, social isolation, and suicidal thoughts. They had been strongly affected by economic insecurity which aggravates the risks for social isolation and psychological distress. The destruction of the local economy further exacerbated the vulnerable situation of the older adults. The findings also suggest that the “Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030” and “Build Back Better” plans for reconstruction and recovery need to be customized to better address the situation of the older adults and reduce the risk that they will commit suicide.

2011年3月の東日本大震災から既に5年以上が過ぎ，復興のプロセスとしては「集中復興期」から「復興・創生期間」へと移行している。「創生」の言葉には，高台移転や災害公営住宅建設を着実に進めることや福島県における帰還困難区域以外での避難指示解除を進めることなど，次の段階すなわち復興後の自立した地域を形作ることが含まれている。しかし，2015年3月現在においても高台移転が予定の半分も進んでおらず災害公営住宅も6割程度の見込みである状況から大きく前進することは難しいと考えられる（復興庁，2016）。移転や建設が可能なところはすでに着手するか完了しており，復興にかかる助成も大きく減らされるためである。また地域の自立が求められるなかで，被災地にとどまった若年層も仕事や新しい生活を求め，これを機に域外に流出することが懸念されるため，応急仮設住宅から出た後に地域にとどまる人は高齢者が中心になることも考えられる。震災前とは大きく異なる地域に居続ける人たちの健康状態や今後の希望とそれに対応する国や行政の支援のあり方に関心が寄せられている。本調査では，応急仮設住宅から災害公営住宅他の住居への転居が本格化する，震災後4年目～5年目に応急仮設住宅で生活している人を対象に，ストレス対処力および現在の暮らしぶりを調べ，その現状を明らかにするとともに，結果内容を行政と共有し今後の効果的な対応に活用してもらうものとした。

平成23年3月11日、マグニチュード9.0の東日本大震災は、本学の所在地である仙台市若林区の沿岸地域にも、津波による大きな被害をもたらした。（表1、図1・2）仙台市若林区では、平成23年5月から応急仮設住宅として696世帯分のプレハブ住宅が供給され、多くの住民が避難所から移り、余儀なく仮設での生活を営んでいた。発災時より被災地には全国から多くの 学生がボランティアとして訪れていた。被災地に隣接し、自身も被災を受けた体験を持つ本学の学生が住民との交流を継続していくことは、被災住民にとってはもちろんのこと、看護を学ぶ学生にとっても今後の災害看護に向けた学びの一つとして、とても貴重な機会と考えた。そこで、若林区保健福祉センターにボランティア活動を申し出て、平成25年6月から若林区A仮設住宅で活動を開始し、平成27年12月まで3年間のボランティア活動を継続することができた。 A仮設住宅で生活を営む方々は、平成28年までに全戸が復興住宅他に転居を予定しており、発災から5年を経て仮設住宅の役割は終わろうとしている。そこで、これまで3年間の、若林区A仮設住宅における学生ボランティアと住民との交流を振り返り、学生ボランティアの活動の意義について考察したい。尚、表、図で使用した資料データは許可を得て使用している。

実践報告, Practical reports, 2011 年3 月の東日本大震災によって岩手県沿岸部の漁村，S 地区は壊滅的な被害を受けた．Ｔ仮設団地に暮らすＳ地区女性部メンバーを対象に「研究者と対象者が共同して望ましい作業を展開する」アクションリサーチを行った．2012 年7 月から2013 年8 月まで6 回訪問し，参加者は14 ～ 20 名であった．プログラムは，各種物作りと話合い・歌などで構成し，参加者のフィードバックをもとに新たな作業を展開した．これまでに行った作業は，物作りでは，生キャラメル，布草履，ケーキ，クッキー，アンデルセン，おでん，樹脂粘土のアクセサリーであり，そのほかに，KJ 法による話合い，ハープと歌，歌の集い，ワールドカフェなどを行った．2013 年度になって始めたアクセサリー作りは参加者の気持ちを捉え，また，販売と収益に結び付くものになりつつある．, A village located in a seaside area of the Iwate Prefecture was tremendously damaged by thetsunami of the Great East Japan Earthquake in March, 2011. The purpose of this project was to provide meaningful occupations for the residents of temporary housing. Between forteen to twenty menbers of district S, living in temporary housing, participated in this project. The occupations provided were decided each time according to the results of interviews or questionnaires. Occupations provided were as follows: 1. September 16, 17, 2012 : Making of soft caramel （Nama-caramel）. Discussion and conclusions using the KJ method. Making of fabric sandals.（ 18 participants） 2. November 11, 2012 : Providing “Feel Easy” time: tea time, songs with a harp accompanimen（t 19 participants） 3. March 23, 24, 2013 : Baking of cakes and cookies, making Andersen bracelets, preparing the Shizuoka hot pot stew, and sing song.（ 18 participants） 4. July 14, 15, & Aug. 20, 21, 2013 : Making necklaces & bracelets with Polymer clay.（ 16 & 21 participants respectively） This program can be roughly categorized into craftwork, sweets making, music, food and drink, and discussion. Participants seemed refreshed after experiencing a number of differentoccupations, as many desired variety. The results of the questionnaire conducted in Marchalso showed that requests for new occupations were more than numerous for those alreadyperformed. We provided various kinds of occupations according to the requests from the participants, though not enough, in their time of need.

When natural disasters such as an earthquake occur, temporary houses are supplied for its victims who lost their houses. This research aims at elucidating an ideal system of temporary housing in order to create sustainable urban structure strong against disasters. In this paper, we investigate literature and extract systems and problems from supply to demolition. And we analyze the result of questionnaires focusing on residential environment including thermal environment. In addition, we report the result of measurement of thermal environment in summer and air tightness of houses.

Assuming that a major disaster will take place in the future, the purpose of this research is to gain design insights by considering the environment of emergency temporary housing, which provides a phase in people’s recovery in the aftermath of a major disaster. For this study, interviews of residents of temporary housing in Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan were conducted. Focus was especially placed on venues where communication occurred. Relationships between the characteristics of behaviors in those areas and environmental elements were analyzed and discussed.