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The blood vessels of orofacial tissues are innervated by cranial parasympathetic, superior cervical sympathetic, and trigeminal nerves, a situation somewhat different from that seen in body skin. The present report summarizes our current knowledge of (1) the innervation of the parasympathetic vasodilator fibers in the orofacial region, (2) the peripheral and central pathways in the reflex arc for the parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in this region, and (3) species variability exists in the sympathetic - mediated systemic arterial blood pressure changes and parasympathetic - mediated lip blood flow responses themselves, and in the relationship between them.

口腔顔面領域の血管は自律神経の交感神経, 副交感神経と感覚神経(三叉神経)により神経支配されている。主として交感神経は収縮反応, 副交感神経と感覚神経は拡張反応に関与している。これらの血管運動神経の中で副交感性血管拡張線維は三叉神経側枝の舌神経や眼窩下神経の電気刺激により反射性に興奮に顔面口腔領域全般で血管拡張反応を起こす。この三叉神経-副交感血管拡張反応の反射弓は触覚, 圧覚, 痛覚受容器-三叉神経-三叉神経脊髄路核-上, 下唾液核-顔面口腔領域血管であることが推察された。, The blood vessels of orofacial tissues are innervated by cranial parasympathetic, superior cervical sympathetic, and trigeminal nerves, a situation somewhat different from that seen in body skin. The present report summarizes our current knowledge of (1) the innervation of the parasympathetic vasodilator fibers in the orofacial region, and (2) the peripheral and central pathways in the reflex arc for the parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in this region.