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ホウケイ酸ガラス中のガラス成分や廃棄物成分の局所構造は、その化学組成によって変化する。本研究は、原料ガラスや模擬廃棄物ガラスを対象に軟X線領域のXAFS測定を実施し、原料ガラス成分のホウ素(B)やケイ素(Si)、廃棄物成分の鉄(Fe)やセシウム(Cs)の化学的状態等を評価した。模擬廃棄物ガラスの化学的安定性を把握するため、浸出試験に供した模擬廃棄物ガラス表面を対象に、FeのL$_{3}$、L$_{2}$吸収端及びCsのM$_{5}$、M$_{4}$吸収端XANESスペクトルを測定した。その結果、浸出時間の経過とともにガラス試料重量の減少や浸出液中の溶出元素濃度の増加が確認された状況と同様、CsのM$_{5}$、M$_{4}$吸収端XANESスペクトルが消失し、FeのL$_{3}$、L$_{2}$吸収端スペクトル形状が変化することを確認した。また、浸出試験後の模擬廃棄物ガラスは、ラマン分光測定でも観察されたように表面に化合物層を形成するため、明瞭なBのK吸収端XANESスペクトルは得られないことが分かった。Na$_{2}$O濃度によるSi局所構造への影響を確認するため、Na$_{2}$O濃度が異なる原料ガラスを対象に、全電子収量法(PEY)でSiのK吸収端XANESスペクトルを測定した。その結果、Na$_{2}$O濃度が高くなるとSiのK吸収端ピークエネルギーは低下し、7wt\%Na$_{2}$O前後でピーク強度が高くなることを確認した。, The local structure of glass-forming elements and waste elements in borosilicate glasses varies with its chemical composition. In this study, borosilicate glass frit and simulated waste glass samples were prepared and the chemical state regarding boron (B), silicon (Si) and waste elements of iron (Fe), cesium (Cs) were estimated by using XAFS measurement in soft X-ray region. Following results were obtained by XAFS measurements of simulated waste glass surfaces after immersion test to investigate the long chemical stability. (1) As the leaching time of glass samples in immersion test passed, the Cs M$_{5}$, M$_{4}$-edge XANES spectra disappeared and the Fe L$_{3}$, L$_{2}$-edge spectra changed. (2) A new compound was formed on the sample surface after the immersion test, and these changes in the surface state were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. However, it became difficult to obtain a clear B K-edge XANES spectrum by forming a compound on glass surfaces. The Si K-edge XANES spectra of borosilicate glass frits with different Na$_{2}$O content were measured, and following was confirmed. (1) As the Na$_{2}$O concentration increases in borosilicate glass frit, the K-edge peak of Si shifts to the low energy side. (2) The intensity of the Si K-edge peak is maximum when the Na$_{2}$O content in glass frits was about 7wt\%.

ホウケイ酸ガラス中のガラス成分や廃棄物成分の局所構造は、その化学組成によって変化する。本研究は、原料ガラスや模擬廃棄物ガラス試料を対象に軟X線領域のXAFS測定を実施し、ホウ素(B),酸素(O)やケイ素(Si)及び廃棄物成分の鉄(Fe)やセシウム(Cs)の化学的状態及び局所構造を評価した。化学組成や原料ガラス形態が異なるガラス試料をXAFS測定し、B及びOのK吸収端XANESスペクトルを比較すると、Na$_{2}$O濃度がB-Oの配位構造へ与える影響は廃棄物成分濃度による影響よりも大きく、OのK吸収端前に出現するプリエッジの高さはガラス試料に含まれるFe等の第一遷移金属元素の濃度に依存することが分かった。長期化学的耐久性を評価した浸出試験前後のガラス試料表面をXAFS測定し、OのK吸収端XANESスペクトルから、浸出試験後試料表面に新たな化合物相が形成した可能性があり、ラマン分光測定結果からも浸出試験後の試料表面状態に変化が観察された。またCsのM吸収端のXANESスペクトルから、浸出試験後試料表面のCsの消失が確認でき、Csは浸出液へ溶出し易いと考えられる。Na$_{2}$O濃度が異なる原料ガラスと希土類酸化物を添加したガラス試料を対象に、SiのK吸収端XANESスペクトルを測定した結果、Na$_{2}$O濃度が高くなるに従いSiのK吸収端ピークが低エネルギー側にシフトし、また希土類酸化物の種類によってSi周辺構造への影響が異なることを確認した。, The local structure of glass-forming elements and waste elements in borosilicate glasses varies with its chemical composition. In this study, borosilicate glass frit and simulated waste glass samples were prepared and the local structure and chemical state regarding boron(B), oxygen(O), silicon(Si) and waste elements of iron(Fe), cesium(Cs) were estimated by using XAFS measurement in soft X-ray region. Following results were obtained by XAFS measurements of prepared glass frit and simulated waste glass samples: (1) The effect of Na$_{2}$O concentration on B-O coordination structure is greater than that of the waste elements concentration. (2) The height of pre-edge by O K-edge spectrum depends on the concentration of first transition elements such as Fe in glass samples. Following results were obtained by XAFS measurements of simulated waste glass samples after immersion test to investigate the long chemical stability. (1) A new compound was formed on the sample surface after the immersion test, and changes in the surface state were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. (2) Cs on the sample surface after immersion test dissolves into the leaching solution. The Si K-edge XANES spectra of borosilicate glass frits and simulated waste glass samples included lanthanides oxide were measured, and following was confirmed. (1) As the Na$_{2}$O concentration increases in borosilicate glass frit, the K-edge peak of Si shifts to the low energy side. (2) The peak height of the K-edge of Si differs depending on the kind of lanthanide.

廃棄物ガラス中のガラス成分や廃棄物成分の局所構造は、その廃棄物ガラスの化学組成によって変化する。本研究では原料ガラスや模擬廃棄物ガラス試料を作製し、軟X線領域のXAFS測定によりホウ素(B),酸素(O)及び廃棄物成分のセリウム(Ce)やセシウム(Cs)等の化学的状態及び局所構造を評価した。化学組成や原料ガラス形態等が異なるガラス試料を対象に、BのK吸収端XANESスペクトルを測定した結果、Na$_{2}$O濃度が高くなるとB-Oの4配位sp$^{3}$構造(BO$_{4}$)の存在比が高まる傾向を確認した。また、OのK吸収端XANESスペクトルを測定した結果、OのK吸収端スペクトルで観察されるプリエッジの高さは、試料中のFe濃度に依存することを確認した。長期化学的耐久性を評価した浸出試験前後のガラス試料表面を対象に、BのK吸収端XANESスペクトルを測定した結果、浸出試験後に試料表面のB-Oの4配位sp$^{3}$構造(BO$_{4}$)の存在比が高まる傾向を確認した。また、CeやCsのM吸収端等のXANESスペクトルを測定した結果、表層に存在するCeは浸出試験により酸化され、表層のCsの多くが浸出試験後に失われていることを確認した。また、XAFS測定に供したガラス試料の状態をラマン分光測定で確認した結果、原料ガラス形態や作製方法によって同様な化学組成であってもラマンスペクトルが異なることを確認した。, The local structure of glass-forming elements and waste elements in waste glass varies with its chemical composition. In this study, borosilicate glass frit and simulated waste glass samples were prepared and the local structure and chemical state regarding boron (B), oxygen (O), and waste elements of cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs) were estimated by using XAFS measurement in soft X-ray region. Following results were obtained by XAFS measurements of prepared glass frit and simulated waste glass samples: (1) The existence ratio of four coordinate sp$^{3}$ structure (BO$_{4}$) tends to increase with increasing Na$_{2}$O content in glass samples. (2) The height of a pre-edge which appears by K-edge XANES spectrum of O is so high that the Fe content in glass samples. Following results were obtained by XAFS measurements of simulated waste glass samples after immersion test to investigate long chemical stability. (1) The existence ratio of four coordinate sp$^{3}$ structure (BO$_{4}$) increases by immersion test. (2) Ce which exists in the surface layer is oxidized by immersion test, and much of Cs in surface layer is lost after leach testing. Even if the glass frit form (fiber cartridge or beads) and manufacturing method were changed and a glass sample of the similar chemical composition was prepared, these observed Raman spectra of samples were different.

廃棄物ガラス中のガラス成分や廃棄物成分の局所構造は、固化体の化学組成によって変化する。本研究は、リン又はバナジウムを添加したホウケイ酸ガラスと模擬廃液から模擬廃棄物ガラス試料を作製し、廃棄物濃度によるガラス成分の軽元素や廃棄物成分の希土類元素等の化学状態及び局所構造をXAFS測定により評価した。, The local structures of glass-forming elements and waste elements would change by the chemical composition of waste glass including those elements. In this study, simulated waste glass samples were prepared from borosilicate glass frit including phosphorus (P) or vanadium (V), and we investigated local structures of boron, sodium, and waste elements in these P glass and V glass samples by using synchrotron XAFS measurements in soft and hard X ray region.

本研究は、資源エネルギー庁の「放射性廃棄物の減容化に向けたガラス固化技術の基盤研究事業」における、高レベル放射性廃液の充填率を高められる原料ガラス組成の開発として実施した。候補組成であるバナジウム(V)添加ガラス原料カレットへ模擬高レベル放射性廃液を混合溶融して作製した模擬廃棄物ガラス試料を対象に、レーザアブレーション(LA)法ICP-AES分析, ラマン分光測定及び放射光XAFS測定により評価を実施した。, To select the chemical composition of a glass frit which can increase the waste content, the simulated waste glass samples prepared from a borosilicate glass frit including vanadium (V) were investigated by using Laser Ablation (LA) ICP-AES analysis, Raman spectrometry, and synchrotron XAFS measurement in this study on foundation business of the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy.

The effects of informations about supervisory behavior and group productivity on evaluation of leaders were investigated. After read the description of the group productivity, leader's gender and supervisory behaviors of one specific group, 268 male and 139 female undergraduate students who were respectively assigned to one of 8 experimental conditions -- group productivity (High/Low) X leadership type (P/M) X leader's gender -- evaluated the leader's behavior using LBDQ, and also his/her personality and aptitude. Evaluations of leadership behavior were analyzed into initiating structure, consideration, and production emphasis. The results showed strong influences of productivity information on rating scores on the first two factors but production emphasis factor. As to these results, the implicit leadership theory was discussed.

2016年度