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国立研究開発法人日本原子力研究開発機構(原子力機構)は、原子炉施設、再処理施設など多様な原子力施設を有している。役割を終えて老朽化した施設は、いずれ廃止措置を行うことになるが、廃止措置実施方針や廃止措置計画を立案する上で廃止措置費用を事前に評価する必要があることから、これまでに、施設の特徴や類似性、解体工法などを基に廃止措置費用を短時間で効率的に計算できる評価方法(DECOST)を開発した。DECOSTの開発以降も原子力施設の廃止措置が実施されており、新たな実績や知見が報告されているため、これらの知見をDECOSTに反映した。また、DECOST利用者のニーズを加味し、施設の解体費用を管理区域解除までにかかる費用と管理区域解除後の施設建屋の解体にかかる費用とに分割して評価できるようにDECOSTを改良した。本報告書は、DECOSTの改良に関する内容を報告するものであり、費用評価式に用いる評価係数の再設定の考え方並びに再設定後の評価係数の妥当性に関する考えを示した。また、改良により評価項目、評価内容を一部変更したため、改良したDECOSTの評価手順を掲載した。, The Japan Atomic Energy Agency has various nuclear facilities such as reactor facilities and reprocessing facilities. Some aged facilities will be decommissioned after their original functions ended, and it is necessary to evaluate their decommissioning cost to formulate the initial decommissioning plans and the final decommissioning plans. We have developed an evaluation method called DECOST that can efficiently calculate the decommissioning cost in a short time based on factors such as features and similarity of the facilities and dismantling methods. The decommissioning of nuclear facilities has been implemented and new achievements and findings have been reported since the development of DECOST. These findings were reflected in DECOST. In consideration of the needs of DECOST users, DECOST has been improved so that the cost of dismantling the facility can be divided into the cost of releasing the controlled area and the cost of dismantling the facility building after the release of the controlled area. This report shows the improvement of DECOST, the concept of resetting the evaluation coefficient used in the cost evaluation formula, and the validity of the evaluation coefficient after resetting. In addition, the evaluation procedure of the improved DECOST is described, since the evaluation items and evaluation contents were partially changed due to the improvement.

日本原子力研究開発機構は、原子炉施設, 再処理施設, 核燃料施設, 研究施設等の原子力施設を有している。これら施設は施設の使用目的の終了や老朽化等により、いずれ廃止措置を行うことになるが、廃止措置に先立ち、廃止措置費用を評価する必要がある。これまでに、施設の特徴や類似性、解体工法等を基に廃止措置費用を短時間で効率的に計算できる評価手法(DECOST)を開発してきた。本報告書は、DECOSTの利便性向上を目的に、利用マニュアルとして作成した。DECOSTで用いる評価式を提示し、評価の対象となる原子力施設の種類ごとにその利用方法を具体的に解説した。加えて、評価の際に必要となる施設情報や解体廃棄物量等の設定方法も示した。, The Japan Atomic Energy Agency has many nuclear facilities such as research reactors, nuclear fuel facilities and research facilities. Although these facilities will be decommissioned due to the termination of the purpose of use of the facility and aging, it is necessary to evaluate the decommissioning cost of these facilities prior to the decommissioning. We have developed an evaluation method called DECOST code that can efficiently calculate the decommissioning cost in a short time based on factors such as features, similarity, and dismantling methods. This report is as a manual of the DECOST code prepared for improving convenience. Here, the evaluation formulae used for DECOST are presented and the method of using them is explained for each kind of nuclear facilities to be evaluated. In addition, the preparation method of facility information and dismantled waste amount that are need for evaluation is also shown.

P(論文)

現在の農業，農村をめぐる動きの中で，最も活発なのが，農産物直売所における地産地消への取組であろう。しかしながら，直売所をめぐる動きについて現実の進行が早いのに対して，その動きを的確に把握する研究上の成果は十分でなかったといえる。 本研究では，既存統計の組替集計によって直売所の全国的な展開を把握した上で，実態調査等に基づき直売所の取組についての経済的な分析を行った。 前者については，農業地域類型等の立地条件別に直売所の展開実態の整理を行うとともに，販売金額規模別にみた直売所の特徴を把握した。農業地域類型によって設置主体や販売品目の構成が異なり，大規模直売所では食料品スーパーに匹敵する販売効率を達成しているといった実態が明らかとなった。 後者については，直売所の市場規模について推計するとともに、大規模な直売所を対象に新たな経済効果がどれだけ生じたかを試算した。直売所を利用した場合，通常，一般市価に比べて販売価格は安くとも，流通コストの低減や出荷規格の緩和に伴う商品化率の向上等により，生産者の手取額は増える。このため，生産者，消費者双方にメリットが見込めるほか，直売所施設の運営に伴う雇用創出によって地域住民の所得も増加すると考えられる。, Today, there are more than 13,000 farmers markets operating throughout the nation. The growth of farmers markets is considered as one of few successful cases in whole retail industry in the 1990th. But the actual situations of farmers markets are not well understood. In order to grasp how local production for local consumption is being practiced at farmers markets nationwide, we grouped them by sales total and by type of agricultural area. In flat farming area exhibiting urban area, most of the farmers markets are large in scale, and the items focused on vegetables, fruit and rice, etc. are sold mostly to local residents and the like. On the other hand, in mountainous farming area most of the farmers markets are small in scale, and the selection of goods sold consists mostly of local specialties and agro-processed and processed goods geared to tourists and other visitors. Agricultural products sold at farmers markets are usually cheaper than those sold in conventional stores, but producers can actually increase their net earning because of, among other things, lower distribution costs and higher rates of commercialization thanks to shipping deregulation. For this reason, in addition to benefiting both producers and consumers, the income of local residents, it is believed, will increase because new jobs will be created in the operation of farmers markets.