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Who should disseminate new curriculum and textbooks from the central government to classroom in developing countries? And, how is it possible? Curriculum and textbook developers often faces the necessity of and the challenges in spreading the essentials and intention of new curriculum and textbooks and the expected educational practices to classroom. In order to design and implement consistent educational reform through three layers of the curriculum (the intended, the implemented and the attained level), it is required for them to be committed in not only the development stage with a clear picture of quality teaching and learning, but also the dissemination stage through in-service teacher training such as lesson study. This study aims at clarifying potential measures to develop the expertise for curriculum and textbook developers as a communicator of educational reform in developing countries. In the process of our project on the curriculum and textbook development of social studies education in Cambodia, we assume “the expertise of consulting lesson study” and examine it both from theory and practical cases of (i) lesson-demonstrating approach and (ii) lesson-advising approach. As a consequence, it is found that their ability for consulting lesson study could be enhanced by regarding senior (Japanese) experts as a role model. And also, the result implies that, for their continuous professional development, it is necessary for them to purposefully take part in lesson study consulting, and shift the approach from “modeling” to “coaching” by steps.

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A 31-year-old man presented with edema in left lower leg and dyspnea. Computed tomographic scanning detected a right testicular tumor, multiple lung nodules, and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus. After insertion of an IVC filter, high inguinal orchiectomy was performed after the first combination chemotherapy. Pathological examination demonstrated an embryonal carcinoma with vascular invasion and direct tumoral extension into the right spermatic cord. According to our survey, this is the 14th case of testicular tumor with IVC thrombus in Japan.

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Peirce presented his epistemological fallibilism as a criticism of Cartesian foundationalism. He rejected not only foundationalism but also naturalism. I will argue that his later claim "critical common-sensism" plays an important role to make his non-foundationalistic and non-naturalistic epistemological alternative possible. The most difficult drawback to his project is how it can overcome the infinite regress problem. His critical common-sensism suggests that our epistemological enterprise, as long as it is an inquiry which is carried out by a human being, always has limits. Those limits are essentially indubitable common-sense beliefs, and they are not subjects to reflective rational self-control. This means that his epistemological project takes account of such a limited human ability and can avoid the infinite regress problem by setting up those limits. We recognize that his epistemological alternative is established as a consistent consequence of his fallibilism which is his fundamental claim about human knowledge.

陸域観測技術衛星2号「だいち2号」データ利用シンポジウム (2015年11月17日. 秋葉原コンベンションホール), 千代田区, 東京, Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 "DAICHI-2" Data Applications Symposium (November 17, 2015. AKIHABARA Convention Hall), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AD1610005011

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。, 研究会報告

Quine's epistemological theses on logical truth offer the key to an understanding of his other philosophical claims. The purpose of this paper is to study his discussions on logical truth in detail, and to consider the consistency of his claims. The revisability of logical truth seems to be followed from his epistemological holism. But on the other hand, the obviousness of logical truth was asserted in his some texts. To examine the compatibility of these two assertions, his arguments on logical truth in Word and Object, Philosophy of Logic are studied in this paper in the first place. We arrive at the conclusion that these two assertions are ultimately incompatible, and that the important point to note is the contrast between transcendence and immanence which he mentioned in regard to the matter of deviant logics. Finally, we survey arguments of The Roots of Reference and "Immanence and Validity", and seek some possible ways out of the difficulties.

論文タイプ||論説, (商学部号 = Commerce and Management)

In "Two Dogmas of Empiricism" ( "TD" ) Quine denied two central doctrines of logical positivism, the analytic, synthetic distinction and reductionism. He then proposed an alternative scheme for the philosophy of knowledge and language, that is holistic empiricism. "TD" can be divided into two parts. The first part deny analytic, synthetic distinction by pointing out failures of proposed definition of analyticity, and the second part deny the reductionism in terms of holism. "TD" evoked many important criticisms. For example, Grice and Strawson (G&S) criticized Quine's argument against the analytic, synthetic distinction in "In Defence of a Dogma", and in some articles Putnam pointed out Quine's conceptual confusion between analytic and a priori, and defended analytic, synthetic distinction in his own ways. Both criticisms are different in the attitude towards Quine's argument, but they agree on the point of denial of Quine's argument in the first part of "TD". The important issue concerning the evaluation of "TD" is the assessment of argument in the first part of "TD" and singling out problems to be investigated. In this paper, I try to reconsider the adequacy and significance of argument in the first part of "TD". Firstly, I summarize the argument in "TD". Secondly, I examine G&S's criticism, evaluate the significant points of G&S's criticism, and point out problems in "TD". Thirdly, I consider some problems through examination of Putnam's criticism, and then finally I try to consider further problems. As a result of these considerations, I think that the argument in the first part of "TD" made some points clear, especially the disagreement concerning what meaning is, and also the need to reconsider the relationship between epistemology and language, the epistemological and semantic status of logical truth. Taking these problems into account, I think, the argument in the first part of "TD" still has very important significance in philosophical investigation.

application/pdf, In and around the coastal marine area, there are many spawning grounds of valuable marine resources. But recently variable environmental problems have been cased by red tide, severe gather up sand resources for construction materials and many kinds of coastal developments. It has been decreased aquaculture habitats in and around the coastal marine area. Especially in the fishery, many artificial reefs for increasing and nurturing important fishery resources were developed and sunken to the sea., Through water tank experiment and field observation, we found the tidal current, eddy, upwelling and bottom topography are important factors to movement of fish eggs and larvae., The authors planned and developed the new type of artificial reef (named Sea‐Mark Reef) which have the functions for control of current fields and include spawning materials in itself to create more appropriate fishery grounds., After the located the structure to the sea, we are researching physical and biological effects of planned artificial reef as diving it has been confirmed that are becoming good marine resources habitats.

科学衛星「はるか」は, スポース VLBI に必要な工学諸技術の実験ならびにスペース VLBI による電波天文観測を行うことを目的として, 1997年2月12日, 宇宙科学研究所の新型ロケット M-V の初号機により打ち上げられた。「はるか」では数々の工学的課題への取り組みがなされたが, それらの中で, ケーブルとメッシュからなる, 有効開口径8cmのパラボラアンテナの軌道上での展開が, 最大の工学的課題であった。打ち上げ約2週間後の2月24日から28日にかけてアンテナ展開実験を行い, 展開に成功した。本稿は「はるか」のアンテナ展開実験を, 衛星システム全体としてのオペレーションの観点から詳述するものである。, The paper describes details of the antenna deploy experiment of the scientific satellite HALCA conducted on 24 to 28,February 1997. HALCA was launched on 12 February 1997 by the ISAS's new rocket M-V for the purpose of engineering experiments on the technologies necessary for space VLBI and radio astronomical observations by space VLBI. HALCA has been designed as an orbiting radio telescope, and deployment of a parabolic antenna with an effective aperture diameter of 8 meters, the aperture of which is made of molybdenum mesh and a tremendous number of cables, was the largest engineering challenge in the HALCA's engineering experiments. The deploy of the antenna was successfully conducted following an operational sequence carefully of the antenna was successfully conducted following an operational sequence carefully designed and prepared. The success of the antenna deployment has opened a way towards the successful space VLBI experiments that HALCA has conducted since the first reception of a signal from a celestial radio source on 24 March 1997., 資料番号: SA0165948000

論文タイプ||論説, (特集 学問への招待 = An Introduction to Learning )

第11回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2011年1月5日-7日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 11th Space Science Symposium (January 5-7, 2011. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 形態: カラー図版あり, 形態: CD-ROM1枚, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Note: One CD-ROM, 資料番号: AA0065426099

We investigated the seasonal variation of sweating response during exercise. Four adult heaithy men repeated a moderate bicycle exercise (60 watts) in a climatic chamber of an ambient temperature of 30瀉 (relative humidity, 45%) in winter, spring, summer, and fall. In summer, sweat rate immediately increased as soon as the exercise started, whereas in winter in a few minutes. The mean sweat rate during exercise was significantly different between winter and summer. The transient reduction of the T_SK was observed at the beginning of the exercise in winter. The T_SK decreased in proportion to increasing of sweat rate in each season. Significantly negative correlation were found between sweat rate and the rate of change of T_SK during exercise in each season. The slope and intercept of regression line were significantly different between winter and summer. The index of sweating was made available for the relative value, changing rate against annual mean value of total sweat loss (ΔSR, %). The relative value rather than the absolute value (i.e., expressed as g・m^・h^) corrected well with skin temperature. It is suggested that the present results may reflect adapted changes in the thermoregulatory mechanisms to seasonal acclimatization. Moreover, the fall in skin temperature during exercise may be not due to increased evaporative cooling, but may be the result of vasoconstriction porbably caused by non-thermal factors.

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。

論文タイプ||論説

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1, KJ00000626224

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