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都市型の産業集積を議論する上で、多様なプレイヤー、多様な産業の集積による複合集積構造のメカニズムの理解が重要になってきている。そしてそのメカニズムは、情報技術が発展しているこんにちの社会のもとでは、リアルなコミュニケーションによる「接触の利益」とインターネットなどのバーチャルな手法によるコミュニケーションからの「ネットワーク外部性」の関係性の視点からも考察される必要がある。本研究では、「接触の利益」と「ネットワーク外部性」の関係性を、異分野同士の接触により新たなものを生み出す産学連携の例をもとに考察した。産学連携への協力者である地域産業に関わるプレイヤーを対象にした今回の調査からは、従来言われていた産学連携の直接的なメリットに加えて「自分たちがすべきことは、地域の課題解決への貢献である」との意識が持たれていることが分かった。そしてそのために、リアルなコミュニケーションから信頼に足る関係性を作り出し、その関係性ないしはそこから生まれる情報（コンテンツ）をバーチャルなツールを用いて発信している様子が明らかになった。つまり、近視眼的な利益追求だけに還元しきれない、長期的な視点で地域と自社とを捉え、そのためにリアルとバーチャルな関係構築の方法を使い分けながら、地域に根差そうと取り組まれていることが明らかになった。

進路発達の理論として広く引用される「SCCT（Social Cognitive Career Theory）」においては、自己効力感や結果期待などの認知が進路決定を促すと仮定されており、認知の転換や成長はキャリア発達をサポートする上で重要なポイントと位置づけられている。そのSCCT をもとにした進路選択モデルによれば大学生は、学習経験を通じて認知を変え、そして行動からパフォーマンスを経て、また学習経験へとフィードバックされるというプロセスで認知転換を重ねながら進路を開拓していくと考えられている。これに対して公務員のような筆記試験を前提とした就職活動においては、試験対策の継続を阻害するいくつかの要因が経験的に把握されてきた。そこで本研究では、それらの経験的知識を表出化し、阻害要因を先行研究が提示するモデルに重ね合わせて、認知転換を促進するのに有用な支援の方法を考察した。その際注目したのは、既存のモデルでは重視されてこなかった、学生の持つ「不安」への対処の必要性である。今回は具体的に、受験のリスク感覚に起因する不安感と、深い職業理解が無いために起こりうる志望度合いの減退を取り上げ、これらの不安を克服するためにどのように認知転換を支援すべきか検討した。その結果、情緒的覚醒を通じた認知転換の働きかけが重要であることが浮かび上がった。すなわち支援環境を整え、その事実を情緒的覚醒に結び付けることによって学習経験を充実させることが、認知転換の促進に有効だとの仮説を得て、支援手法の提言を行った。

近年，授業における振り返り活動は，めあての設定とともに実施率や認識率は高くなってきている。そのことは三重県による調査や，児童に対する振り返りに関するアンケート調査から明らかになった。しかし，実施はされていても，「振り返りの後回し化」などの実態があり，振り返りの質について議論されることは少ない。振り返りの質の低さにより，児童が振り返りをさせられているものと感じてしまい，学習者主体の活動であるはずの振り返りが，本来の役割を見失いつつあることが課題である。そこで，本研究では，振り返りの目的や意義，課題について明らかにしていくとともに，児童がsense of agency（主体的な感覚）をもった振り返り活動を行うことができるように「振り返りの手引き」を作成するための授業を行った。また，作成した「振り返りの手引き」を活用した振り返り活動を行い，児童の振り返りの変容を見た。その結果，「ふり返りの手引き」が児童のsense of agency を育てるための手助けとなりえることが明らかになった。また，振り返りを書くことそのものを苦手としている児童に対しても手助けとなりえる可能性が示唆された。

Satogawa pumpkin is a traditional vegetable from Hitachiota City, Ibaraki Prefecture. It has a beautiful pink skin and bright orange flesh with a silky mouthfeel. In this study, we measured the weight, discard rate, Brix%, nutrients, and color to investigate the characteristics of Satogawa pumpkin. Furthermore, the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was measured to investigate its nutritional functionality. The discard rate was 16.5%. The Brix% averaged 7.3, but the samples varied widely. Regarding the color tone, the b-value was higher in the flesh of this pumpkin than in the Hokkaido kuri-pumpkin. The content of GABA was higher in the peel than in the flesh. As a development to cooking, we will introduce rice tofu dumplings with pumpkin paste, smoothies with plenty of GABA, pumpkin croquettes, and sweet pumpkin cakes.

2022, 【要旨】

This report is a practical record of an energy metabolism measurement in the registered dietitian course Experiment in Nutrition, which was held at Ibaraki Christian University. We investigated the energy consumption of daily activities and online fitness exercises (NHK radio calisthenics, LESMILLS ON DEMAND (BODYATTACK, BODYCOMBAT and BODYBALANCE)) with a portable metabolic gas analyzer. The understanding of energy metabolism and the motivation of the exercise were believed to be promoted by utilizing online fitness as part of a new post-COVID-19 lifestyle.

書物の記述・世界の記述 : 書誌が描く18世紀啓蒙の世界

The British Dietetic Association (BDA) is the oldest dietitian organization in the world, founded in 1936. The BDA is actively engaged in postgraduate education and lifelong education, and the author had the opportunity to participate in them in October 2018. This article introduces the content of the educational seminar for Dietetic Support Workers (DSW). The content was learning the outline of nutrition, function, deficiency, basics of clinical nutrition, anthropometry techniques, case studies and discussion. In addition, this year 2020, a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) spread, caused by SARS-CoV-2 from China, causing worldwide confusion. The BDA provided very useful information to dietitians, DSW and the general public through its website regarding nutritional care and treatment to COVID-19. This article also introduced it.

Specific health guidance has the goal of preventing lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The concept of preventing metabolic syndrome was introduced in the health checkup. Since 2008, medical insurers have been required to have specific medical examinations and specific health guidance. Health checkups are used not only to detect illness but also to improve current health and lifestyle habits. Specific health guidance requires positive guidance to improve health awareness through proper lifestyle habits.In alcohol intervention, AUDIT determines the subject's heavy drinking risk and confirms the intention to save alcohol. It is also important for health support advisors including registered dietitian to know how to refuse alcohol and how to avoid heavy drinking. Group exercise is useful for exercise therapy and they can experience a positive feeling. Group fitness LESMILLS BODYPUMP has the effect of reducing body fat and increasing bone density. Exercise has various benefits such as improved metabolism and anti-aging. It is important to convey the benefits of exercise.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Émile is preserved in three original editions of two affiliations: the Paris editions published in octavo and in duodecimo by Nicolas-Bonaventure Duchesne （1712-65）and the Amsterdam edition published in octavo by Jean Néaulme（1697-1780） in 1762. That same year, Duschesne published second and third editions in two formats. In addition, we have many pirate editions and we now distinguish in total 19 editions of 14 affiliations of Émile with publication date 1762. In this article in Japanese we will present precise points to distinguish the original editions from the others, according to the studies executed by the Western Rousseauists, published in French and in English. Although we do not present any new discoveries, this is a worthwhile pursuit given that Japanese Rousseauists have never discussed this subject so far.

The original edition of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Émile, published in duodecimo by Duchesne and preserved in the Nagoya University Library, does not contain leaf P, which should be placed at the end of the third volume, and leaf V, which should be placed at the end of the fourth volume. These sheets were inserted at the last moment of printing. It was the errata and the privillège. These sheets are missing in the copy annotated by Rousseau himself, now preserved in the Geneva Library. In addition, some manual inscriptions found in the copy held by Nagoya University suggest that this copy was offered to Alfred-Auguste Cuvillier- Fleury（1802-87） by Louis Bonaparte, Earl of Saint-Leu（1778-1846）, father of Napoleon III, in 1820 in Florence, where Cuvillier-Fleury worked as a secretary for Earl of Saint-Leu.

The attention to the impact of dietary interventions, such as diet or nutritional supplements,on chronic diseases has been increasing. Several meta-analyses have shown the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet on chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.In this paper, we introduce those dietary interventions and the benefits of the Mediterranean diet. Furthermore, we developed a Mediterranean meal plan for dysphagia. The Mediterranean meal plan for dysphagia shows high contents of dietary fiber and monounsaturated fatty acids compared with the Japanese meal plan for dysphagia.

Carbohydrate counting is an approach used by patients with diabetes to improve their glycemic control through adjusting dietary carbohydrate intake and aiding insulin therapy. It has shown to especially improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. In this study, we introduce the methods and the training of carbohydrate counting in Japan. Kuroda’s method is easy way of estimating carbohydrate content. We believe that once patients master Kuroda’s method, they can further improve glycemic control using Kawamura and Hirose’s method through calculating carbohydrate content more precisely. In addition, we investigated a tendency of carbohydrate counting in Japanese food. These facts indicate the importance of basic carbohydrate counting education for dietitian such as meal planning and assessing carbohydrate content of various Japanese foods.

The present study aims the revival as the traditional food of pufferfish liver which was prohibited to serve as an edible food at 1983 by the Ministry of Welfare, with safety, nutritional function and deliciousness. From our study worked so far, the liver of non-toxic pufferfish obtained was found to possess a high preference with high functional IPA and DHA. However, its characteristic fish and shellfish odor impairs its preference. Through present study, the components of the odor occurred were varied dependent on heating temperature. The non-toxic pufferfish liver was put in the sampling bag followed by filling the inert gas and was heated for about one hour at 40 degrees or 100 ones. The components of the gas occurred through heating were analyzed by the MPT-GC/MS method. From the pufferfish liver heated at 40 degrees, hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were mainly detected as the causative odor.On the other hand, in heating treatment at 100 degrees, a lot of trimethylamine newly occurred and further 3-methylbutanol and isobutanol remarkably increased in replacement of most components detected formerly. From these results, the odor generated on the heat-treatment of pufferfish liver was found to mainly consist of trimethylamine and 3-methylbutanol. Next, the processed foods were manufactured by using each two mixture of a miso, a sake, and an akazake effective to improve fish and shellfish odor. The sensory evaluation (ranking test, 5-point scoring test) was performed by panel in the evaluation method to evaluate the odor and the preference of obtained processed foods. As a result, the pufferfish liver having been processed mixing the miso with the akazake was, overall, high evaluation, especially liked four items (odor, appearance, taste, processed food) in six kinds of samples. In addition, it was clarified that the ratio of 1:1 of the miso and the akazake was the best.

近年，科学コミュニケーション活動は広がりを見せ，学齢期の子どもたちが学校外で科学に触れる機会も益々充実し豊富になってきている．彼らが科学を学ぶ中心的な機会である小学校の理科教育現場においても「科学コミュニケーション」の視点を取り入れた取組み等がなされ，科学コミュニケーション活動と理科教育との連携も摸索されている．本稿では，親子を対象とした「コドモtoサイエンスカフェ」を事例とし，参加者へのアンケート，サイエンスカフェ内で出された子どもたちからの質問をもとに，子どもたちの視点からサイエンスカフェと小学校理科との連携の可能性およびその配慮すべき点について考察を行った．その結果，参加者のうち約半数の子どもがコドモtoサイエンスカフェと小学校理科との共通性を感じていることが分かった．また共通性を感じない理由は，サイエンスカフェ，小学校理科で扱われる内容の深さが異なることによるものであった．さらに，子どもたちから出される質問は，学校で習った知識の背景にある理由を尋ねるものや，テレビや図鑑で見たり聞いたりしたことのあるものについて尋ねたものなど，サイエンスカフェ，小学校理科両者の内容を横断するものであった．これらの結果をもとに，サイエンスカフェと小学校理科との連携にとって重要だと考えられるポイントを，「サイエンスカフェの主催者，小学校理科の教員が互いの存在を意識して子どもたちの疑問に対する回答を行うこと」「子どもが両者の特性を理解して能動的に学べるようにすること」であると示した．

Recently, a basic ability and scholastic attainments of the foundation have decreased remarkably though the university student has the consideration to qualify. Especially,“Communications skills”, “Expressive ability”, “Basic ability”, “Ability of the information gathering”, “Ability to analyze information”, “Conception ability”, and “Desire to study” have decreased remarkably.Then, the teacher aims for the student to lead from the student's conversation and conception more than an individual ability to support the ability and to raise the skill, and “PDCA cycle” was taken to the class, and student's education effect was examined.

Acrylamide is a chemical substance used for processing of paper or industrial materials.Acrylamide is known as a neurotoxin and classified as a human carcinogen by the international agency of research on cancer. In recent years, it was found that acrylamide is produced as byproduct of the Maillard reaction in starchy-rich foods processed at high temperatures. It was also found that it contained rich in processed foods such as corn snacks and potato chips.In this research, in order to investigate female college student’s acryl amide intake, we examined food frequency questionnaire. This study also investigates potential relationships between acrylamide intake, body mass index and dietary knowledge made to help students develop lifelong healthy and good eating habits. For 120 of female college students, we examined food frequency questioner of 15 foods containing high contents of acrylamide, such as french fries and potato chips. The contents of acrylamide quote from Japanese food safety committee’s fact sheets. As a result, acrylamide intake was estimated on the average of 19.1μg a day. No significant correlations were observed between acrylamide intake and body mass index. There are few students who know about acrylamide. These findings suggest the importance of food education and eating skills. We should conduct nutritional skills through the school education.

リステリア症は、環境中に広く存在するListeria monocytogenesを原因とするfoodborne diseaseのひとつであり、新生児、妊婦、免疫不全患者において感染しやすいことが知られている。本研究では、Listeria monocytogenesの増殖抑制に及ぼす有機酸の効果を検討した。その結果、酢酸において、Listeria monocytogenesの強い増殖抑制効果を認めた。有機酸の効果は、同一のpHおよび%濃度において増殖抑制効果の強い順に酢酸>乳酸>クエン酸>塩酸であった。また、食品への添加では、10℃および15℃の保存において0.1%の酢酸を添加することにより、食品の風味を損なわずにListeria monocytogenesの増殖抑制効果を認めた。, Listeriosis is a potentially fatal food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a psychrotrophic bacteria that is widespread in the environment. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of organic acids on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. As a result, the growth of Listeria monocytogenes was strongly inhibited in acetic acid. Compared at equal initial pH values and % concentration, the relative inhibition effect was acetic acid> lactic acid> citric acid> HCl. The addition of 0.1% acetic acid of food suppressed the growth of Listeria monocytogenes without defects of food flavor when it stored at 10℃ and 15℃.

前立腺癌による転移性脳腫瘍を認めた.血清PSA値が正常であるにも拘わらず, 低分化前立腺癌であった.脳転移巣による神経症状に対して, ガンマナイフ治療が有効であり, 患者のQOLを著しく向上することができた, A 59-year-old male visited us with a chief complaint of dysuria. The serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was within normal limits, and intravenous pyelography and urethrocystography showed no abnormal findings. Because of his urinary retention, transurethral resection of prostate was performed under a clinical diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Not only combination hormone therapy with goserelin acetate and flutamide, but also intermittent arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP) and pirarubicin (THP) using a reservoir system was administered. Additionally total pelvic irradiation was delivered. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated that his prostate was reduced to less than 50% in size and he had no difficulty in voiding. He suddenly developed dysarthria and hemiplegia 3 months later. MRI and computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple brain metastases. After the gamma knife radiosurgery, neurological findings disappeared and MRI showed dramatic shrinkage of metastatic brain tumors. Metastasis to the pancreas was recognized on CT and he died of multiple organ failure 30 months after his first visit.

副鼻腔真菌症18例について糖尿病を有するものは2例のみ.13例に何らかの中鼻道所見を認めた.全例一側性で,アスペルギルス症が最も多く見られた.経過を確認しえた12例中10例は良好な転帰を示した, The authors reported 18cases of paranasal sinus mycosis, which were treated by surgical therapy at the department of otorhinolaryngology, Mie University school of Medicine between January 1991 and May 1998.these 18 patients (10 males and 8 females) ranged in age from 32 to 82 years old, mean age was 57.9. All cases but 5cases had some findings in middle meatus, which were polyps of meatal obstruction or rhinolithiasis. Conventional antrotomy was performed in 3 cases and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was performed in order 15 cases and 12cases could verify the prognosis. Nine of 12 cases had good prognosis. One case had a recurrence of the disease that was treated successfully by an additional surgery. Remaining 2 cases, one was followed in our clinic with residual mycosis. One case was mucor mycosis in the sphenoid sinus and in spite of surgery, mucor was developed to intra-cranial lesion. In 18 cases, all cases were diagnosed by histological examination but fungal culture was useful only in one case. The authors consider that complete removal of mycosis is important in surgery and that histological examination is essential in diagnosis.

The postnasal drip(PND) is an important feature of chronic sinusitis(CS). PND frequently causes abnormal sensations in the nasopharynx, cough, and sputum. The viscosity and the elasticity of the nasal mucus of CS patients has been found to be much higher than in normal subjects. This means that the nasal mucus of patients is stiffer and more elastic, and this results in a rope of mucus streching form a sinus ostium along the mucus path into the nasopharynx. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of glands in the nasal and sinus mucosa cause the hypersecretion of mucus. This phenomenon also contributes to the etiology of PND . Mucociliary clearance occurs form the anterior to the posterior part of the nose, and clearance was slower in about half of the patients. Under these circumstnces,nasal mucus is retained in nasal cavity and drips into the nasopharynx when the quantity of the retaind mucus increases.

Jian Yi 蹇義 held the post of the Minister of Personnel for over thirty years, from the period just after the enthronement of the Yongle 永樂 emperor until the third year of the Xuande 宣徳 era, when the Ming dynasty passed from the period of its foundation to a period of conservation. The position of Minister of Personnel was known as the top position in the bureaucracy, and Jian Yi was able to hold this position for an exceptionally long period of time, despite the fact that as the controller of administration personnel, this position was especially coveted. Jian Yi's holding on this office for a long period of time, although, including a term when he was unable to exercise his substantial authority, was due to his ability to organize bureaucrats, maintain harmony among personal relationships, his belief in moderation and his firm support of the status quo and untiring effort to avoid disorder. Such a figure was required in the rapidly changing political situation of the era, which saw the usurpation of the Yongle regime, the period of the administration of the Prince during which Yongle made the rounds to Beijing and the expedition to Mongolia, and the change in regime from the Hongxi 洪煕 emperor to the Xuande emperor. In addition, the period in which Jian Yi served as Minister of Personnel was a period of growth for the Cabinet. It can be concluded that under the influence of Jian Yi the emperors' attendants, the bureaucracy of the Imperial Academy, steadily matured to the point where they were able to assume responsibility for the direction of the state.

腹部超音波検査により， 魚骨が成因と診断できた腹腔内炎症性肉芽腫の１例を報告した． 症例は 70 歳男性． 夜間に突然腹痛を来たしたが， 翌朝には軽度の右下腹部圧痛を自覚するだけとなったため放置していた． しかし， 症状が完全に消失せず， 2 週間後に当科を受診した． 腹部超音波検査にて， 右下腹部に約 3 cm 大の腫瘤像とその内部に魚骨と思われる線状高エコーを認めた． 病歴の再聴取にて， 発症の 3 日前に鮭のあら煮を食べたことが判明した． 症状は軽度で腹膜刺激症状がなく， 血液検査で炎症所見が軽度なため， 発症 49 日目に手術を施行した． 腫瘤は大網より成り， 虫垂先端が癒着していた． 摘出標本内に魚骨を認め， 病理学的に炎症性腫瘤と診断された． 虫垂先端に異常所見を認めなかった． 術後経過は良好であった．

本研究はクラリスロマイシン(CAM)の少量長期投与の効果を評価する為にデザインされた.対象は75名の16歳以上の慢性副鼻腔炎患者であった.うち58名はCAMを1日200mg, 3ヵ月又は6ヵ月間投与された.他の17名はエリスロマイシン(EM)を1日600mg, 3ヵ月間投与された.自覚症状と他覚所見による治療効果は著効,有効,やや有効,無効,悪化に分類した.著効と有効とを併せた有効率は3ヵ月のCAM投与期間中は投与期間の増加に従って,有効率は上昇した.EMでも同様の傾向が認められた.投与3ヵ月目のCAMの有効率は44.5%, EMのそれは25.0%であり,両者間の有効率に差を認めなかった.このCAMの有効率について慢性副鼻腔炎に対する他の治療法の有効率と比較検討した, This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a long‐term and low dose adnlinistration of Clarithromycin (CAM) in chrOnic sinusitis(CS).The subiectｓ of this study were 75 patients with CS aged more than 16 years old. Fifty- eight patients were adnlinistered 200 mg of CAM per day for 3 or 6 months. Seventeen patients received 600 rng of Erythrornycin (EM) per day for 3 rnonths.The overall clinical efficacy determined by subjective symptoms and rhinoscopic observations was classified into excenent, good,fair, poor and worse categories.The general effectiveness that includes both excellent and good categories was tending to increaseup to the 3 months of the adrninistration period of CAM. The sirnilar observation was exist in the EM adrninistration. On the 3 months of adrninistration period, the general effectiveness of CAM and EM was 44.5% and 25.0% respectively, and this difference was not statistically significant. The general effectiveness of CAM was discussed in relation to that of other therapeutic methods for CS.