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This study developed a Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J) and examined its reliability and validity. The participants were 902 Japanese undergraduates (376 males, 526 females). They completed the TIPI-J and one of the other Big-Five scales: Big Five Scale (BFS; Wada, 1996); Five Factor Personality Questionnaire (FFPQ-50; Fujishima et al., 2005); BFS short version (Uchida, 2002); Big Five (Murakami & Murakami, 1999); or the NEO-FFI (Shimonaka et al., 1999). e TIPI-J was administered again two weeks later to 149 participants to determine test-retest reliability. Also, 31 pairs of participants rated their self-image and the other-image using the TIPI-J to explore the relationship between self-rated and friend-rated TIPI-J scores. The results generally supported the reliability and validity of the TIPI-J. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many cases, aptitude tests used in the hiring process fail to connect the measurement scale with the emotional type of the person desired by an employer. This experimental study introduced a new measuring method, in which the measurement scale could be adjusted according to the type of person an employer is seeking. Then the effectiveness of this method was verified by comparing the results of an aptitude test utilizing the method and the results of the typical hiring process carried out by the new method in hiring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the correlations between a Japanese adjective list for personality traits and the Uchida- Kraepelin psycho-diagnostic test based on addition work, which is widely used in Japan, through a confirmatory factor analysis rotation. First, the brief description of the psycho-diagnostic test is made. Second, six kinds of the correlation measures to evaluate the addition work are proposed. The possibility to evaluate the personality traits, based on the Big Five, through these measures is discussed. Third, several confirmatory factor rotations are jointly applied to the combined data of both the Big Five and the proposed measures. The results are analyzed based on both the items and the scales Of the Big Five. The possibility to evaluate the personality traits through the psycho-diagnostic test in term of the Big Five is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed revised Japanese versions of the self-perception profile for Children, for Adolescents and for College Students. The original versions have an idiosyncratic and time-consuming item format, which was revised by using only one statement for each item. Subjects were fifth to sixth grade students (Boys=129, Girls= 152), tenth to twelfth grade students (Boys=112, Girls=100), and college students (Boys=96, Girls=153) in Japan. The reliability and validity measures showed that the revised versions were similar to the original versions. The present study provides some evidence for the use of these scales with Japanese students.

This paper analyzes the correlations between a Japanese adjective list for personality traits and the Uchida-Kraepelin psycho-diagnostic test based on addition work, which is widely used in Japan, through a confirmatory factor analysis rotation. First, the brief description of the psycho-diagnostic test is made. Second, six kinds of the correlation measures to evaluate the addition work are proposed. The possibility to evaluate the personality traits, based on the Big Five, through these measures is discussed. Third, several confirmatory factor rotations are jointly applied to the combined data of both the Big Five and the proposed measures. The results are analyzed based on both the items and the scales of the Big Five. The possibility to evaluate the personality traits through the psychodiagnostic test in term of the Big Five is suggested.

Purpose: Patients wearing contact lenses who have the feeling of dryness without any objective symptoms of dry eye are sometimes seen in clinics. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in the clinical signs, personality, and mental condition between a group of contact-lens wearers with no symptoms and a group of contact-lens wearers with subjective symptoms of the feeling of dryness., Subjects and Methods: Eighty-two patients who had no trouble with wearing soft contact lenses (SCL) were employed in this study. The patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire and Yatabe Guilford Personality test (Y-G test), and the height of tear meniscus and fluorescein staining were measured., Results: Fifty-three patients (65%) complained of a feeling of dryness. There were no significant differences between the presence of the feeling of dryness and types of SCL, the height of tear meniscus, and the severity of fluorescein staining. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the scores of positive, subjective, and impulsive personality trais on the Y-G test in the symptomatic group., Conclusion: For patients who have subjective symptoms of the feeling of dryness, careful observation of objective symptoms should be carried out, and their personality and mental condition should also be evaluated.

Objective: Many studies have shown that a considerable number of patients with prolonged depression are refractory to drug therapy or supportive psychotherapy. A few studies have shown the short-term effectiveness of intensive Naikan therapy for prolonged depression, but the long-term effects have not been reported. For other psychotherapies also, few studies have demonstrated their long-term effectiveness for prolonged depression. The purpose of the present study was to assess the long-term efficacy of intensive Naikan therapy for patients with prolonged depression and to investigate the factors contributing to its efficacy., Method: At Tottori University Hospital, 23 inpatients with prolonged depression were treated with intensive Naikan therapy. The age, sex, age at onset, number of depressive episodes, duration of the present episode, diagnosis and family history were investigated. The Tokyo University Egogram (TEG), Yatabe-Guiltora personality inventory (YG test) and Rosenzweig picture-frustration (PF) study were conducted before and after intensive Naikan therapy to investigate psychological changes. The long-term efficacy (average: 24.5 +/- 10.6 months) of intensive Naikan therapy for prolonged depression was assessed with Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF). "Improvement" was defined as a post-therapy GAF score of 61 or higher. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was applied to confirm the GAF results. Whether the patient achieved awareness of other's viewpoint, awareness of egocentricity, feeling of love, breaking out from self and sense of fulfillment after intensive Naikan therapy was investigated., Results: Fifteen patients (65.2%) showed improvement in GAF and HAM-D (improved group) and eight patients showed no improvement (non-improved group). The average GAF score changed from 46.1 (before Naikan therapy) to 81.8 (at outcome assessment) in the improved group and from 45.3 to 52.8 in the non-improved group. The improved group had significantly shorter average duration of the present depressive episode and significantly less depressive episodes compared to the non-improved group. Only the improved group showed significantly lower scores on the critical parent (CP) scale of TEG, cyclic tendency (C) on the YG test and extraggression (E-A) in PF study. In the improved group, significantly more patients achieved deep insight (Naikan); and significantly more patients achieved awareness of other's viewpoint, awareness of egocentricity, feeling of love, breaking out from self and sense of fulfillment after intensive Naikan therapy., Conclusions: Our results suggested that intensive Naikan therapy for prolonged depression was equally as effective as Morita therapy, interpersonal therapy or group psychotherapy, and the effects of intensive Naikan therapy continued for a long term. Attainment of deep Naikan brought psychological changes in patients showing improvement, motivating them to continue Naikan therapy in daily life. We consider that this is the key factor that maintains the long-term efficacy of intensive Naikan therapy.

Cronbach's alpha coefficient is an index of reliability for the total score of a set of measurements. The alpha takes a value of 1.0 when the total score variance is perfectly attributable to the common factors running through the test items. In this research, a method of estimating Cronbach's coefficient alpha is proposed for the case where the parameters of dichotomous item response model are known and the ability distribution of subjects is given. In addition, the case of polytomous response model where the item parameters are estimated by graded response model (Samejima, 1969) is also considered, and a method of estimating the alpha coefficient is proposed for that case.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and characteristics in collage work. Seventy undergraduates filled the Yatabe-Guilford (YG) personality test and produced a piece of collage work. The YG personality types were not different in terms of collage work characteristics. However, emotional adaptation and introvert/extrovert scores were reflected in the number of cuttings used in the piece. General activity score was reflected in the number of vehicle pictures used. Those who used an eye picture had a tendency to be depressed and lacking in confidence. Those who used a "stone circle" picture tended to be more emotionally adapted and extroverted. The results suggested a possibility that personality traits were reflected in specific characteristics in collage work.

The relationship between personality types and the symptoms of emesis gravidarum in pregnant women was analyzed by means of the Cattel personality test (revised by Nishizono) performed in early and mid pregnancy. Personality types were classified into five from cyclothymia A to schizothymia E. As for emesis, the patients were also classified into three groups, severe (35), mild (41) and none (19), according to the severity and duration of the symptoms. As a result, there was no significant difference between the types and the symptoms, but significant differences were seen in interpersonal attitudes, especially in sociality and dominative propensity, which were constituents of the personality type. The results of the analysis suggested that the patients who revealed disunification tended to express strong emesis as a somatic language. These results therefore indicate the necessity for counseling about personality without simply explaining it as their predisposing constitution, when we encounter strongly emetic pregnant women.

A method was proposed for evaluating the Uchida-Kräpelin psychodiagnostic (UK) test in terms of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits. First, the oblique incomplete procrustes factor-rotation method by Jöreskog (1965) was applied to the results of the Adjective Check List (ACL) and the UK test administered to 370 subjects. Six oblique primary pattern values for the UK test were obtained as related to the task of addition work and personality traits. Second, the basic statistics including the values of test-retest reliabilities for work-curve measures in the UK test were presented, and canonical correlation analysis was applied to the data based on both personality traits and work-curve measures. Finally, correlations between the items of the ACL and the work-curve measures in the UK test were presented in order to confirm the validity of the present proposal for the UK test based on the FFM of personality traits.

It has been known that wives of alcoholics tend to show an unhealthy relation with their husbands. The test called ASTWA (Addictions Screening Test for Wives of Alcoholics), which we developed earlier and reported in the previous paper in detail, might be useful for both wives and therapists for helpful suggestions. In this report, the present authors try to evaluate the ASTWA scores obtained from the wives, which consist of "a total score," "caring trends", "dominating trends," "obsessive traits," and "trends toward lowering of self-esteem," making clear each of the critical points between normal and abnormal sifting trends with the help of a normal control study. The results are demonstrated graphically as in the YG Test. In this way, the reliability, the validity, and the usefulness of ASTWA were confirmed in the process of this study. A prospective study concerning the prognosis of alcoholism of their husbands in relation to the results of ASTWA was carried out. In the non-intervened group, wives of the abstinence group tended to show a lower score than in those of the slipped group in terms of the total score, the dominating trends, the obsessive traits, and the trends toward lowering of self-esteem. In the group in which three months of initial therapy for wives have been completed, a significant parallel correlation was found between the ASTWA results and the prognosis of abstinence of their husbands. These results suggest that the total score, the caring trends, dominating trends, and the involved traits would indicate a degree of healthiness or unhealthiness in the marital relationship, particularly in terms of a circular cause and effect relation in developing alcoholism, and also would be a prospective indicator of the prognosis of alcoholism of their husbands.

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and Yatabe-Guilford personality test were administered to 31 children who had been hospitalized for head injury and made a GR or MD by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). The type of lesion, as defined by CT scan categories, was an important factor to prognosticate the outcome of intellectual function. The IQ, especially performance IQ, of acute subdural hematoma (EDH) or severe diffuse brain injury (DBI) was lower than that caused by other types of lesion. Several children demonstrated improvement in IQ level during the initial year. The difference between the IQ of the children who could return to previous school life and that of the children who could not was significant. One of the causes of difficulty in returning to previous school life is decreasing IQ and personality change such as social disadaptability. Neuropsychological evaluation is important in predicting school recovery and deciding proper neuropsychological rehabilitation.

The purpose is twofold: first to examine whether an experience that affirms a valued aspect of the self eliminates the negativity of failure and second, to identify what is the most effective condition of self-affirmation. A 2 x 3 factorial design was employed: Immediately after having failed and prior to rating the beneficialness of failure experience, 72 subjects were allowed to affirm the real-self that they had built up, or the pseudo-self made by the experimenter. The situation of self-affirmation was (1) that subjects affirmed the self in private or (2) that the experimenter also affirmed the subject's self or (3) that the experimenter added information of another one who had the same aspect of self the subjects had affirmed. The self-affirmation effect was most clear-cut, when the real-self was affirmed, and was also affirmed by the experimenter. This effect was especially pronounced for high self-esteem subjects. Joint effects of high self-esteem, clearer real-self, and its publicity elevated level of self-affirmation.

A statistical study was carried out to evaluate the dental caries of permanent teeth in the elementary school children (208 boys and 165 girls, 373 children of total) in the town of Fuji, Saga Prefectur, which is a mountain village, by means of psychological test and investigation of the living environment of children and their parents. The following results were obtained: 1. In analysis of the relationship between the increase of dental caries and personality characteristics, was shown a tendency toward a low degree of direct of correlation. However, in analysis of quantification type III, it was proven that personality characteristics that as dependency, regression, nervousness and emotional instability related to an increase in dental caries. 2. In the analysis of the relationship between living environments and personality characteristics, a tendency towards a low personality profile was recognized in the children with an increase of dental caries. 3. In pasticvcal, there was a distortion of the personality characteristics of slef-uncontrol and dependency. 4. In comparing the first half of the elementary school year with the last half, a difference in the living environment and personality characteristics was observed during the last half year. 5. The results obtained in this study indicated that early discovery of problems in the living environment and synthetic approach during the first half of the elementary school year were important for the prevention of dental caries of permanent teeth.

The purpose of this study was to discover the changes in the adaptation of children to the Dental setting, and to discover the relationship between the adaptation, and the personality of the child, the personality of the mother, as well as the relationship between the mother and child. The subjects were 60 two to six year old children and their mothers who visited at the Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University. The results were as follows: 1) The changes of adaptation were classified in groups of four classes. Four groups: Continuous Adaptability (45.0%) Acquired Adaptability (18.3%) Continuous Inadaptability (16.7%) Extreme Inadaptability (20.0%) 2) The inadaptability groups (Continuous Inadaptability and Extreme Inadaptability) of the two to three year old children did not correlate to the change of adaptation and personality of the child, and the relationship between the mother and child. 3) The extreme inadaptability group with the four year old children showed a connection with the change of adaptation and the various Psychological Tests. Concerning personality, the children showed elements of "dependence" "retrogression" and "maladaptation to school (kindergarten)". Concerning the mother child relationship, there were elements of "anxiety" "dotage" "follow blindly" "disagreement". 4) Nobody showed extreme inadaptability in the group of five to six year old children. Continuous Inadaptability group with the five to six year old children showed scarcely any problems. 5) The Personality of mother did not correlate to the change of adaptation of children in the dental setting.

The present investigation was undertaken to establish the relation between climacteric symptoms, ovarian function, ageing, and psychological factors. The subjects were as follows; 1,270 women who received a screening test for cervical cancer and 247 women following hysterectomy. The methods of investigation were Kupperman menopausal index (K-index), Cornell Medical Index (CMI) and YG character questionnaire (YG test). The following results were obtained: 1) the K-index increased until 39 years of age and was constant after 40 years. Five symptoms (chills, nervousness, melancholia, excitability and vertigo) were not influenced by ageing, and seven symptoms (panting, hypesthesia, insomnia, wakefulness, fatigue, palpitation and formication) increased with age. Hot flushes, perspiration, numbness, shoulder stiffness, lumbago, and headache, occurred at peak frequency in the climacteric period. 2) In hot flushes, perspiration, numbness, hypesthesia, shoulder stiffness, lumbago, and formication, a significant difference was found between the control and those patients who had received bilateral oophorectomy. 3) The K-index and CMI score were significantly correlated, and six symptoms (palpitation, panting, excitability, vertigo, wakefulness and formication) in particular were related to CMI. 4) The K-index was lowest in the patients indicated to be the D type by the YG test, and was highest in the patients of the B.E type. Six symptoms (excitability, palpitation, panting, melanchoria, hypesthesia and formication) were thought to be associated with the character of the patients. Results showed that four symptoms (hot flushes, perspiration, numbness, shoulder stiffness and lumbago) were closely related to ovarian function, and three symptoms (panting, excitability, and palpitation) depended largely on mental factors. The relationship between vasomortor symptoms and gonadotropin was investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The purpose of this study was to examine how Hand Test performance is affected by test definition included with task instructions. The Hand Test was administered to male college students equally divided into three groups which differed in terms of the type of test definition included with the task instruction as follows: (1) Emotionally disturbed test definition (ED Group); (2) Imagery test definition (IM Group); and, (3) Standard instruction with no test definition (N Group). The MMPI was subsequently administered to all subjects with the following results. The ED Group revealed higher DES and lower ACQ scores than the N Group. The IM Group obtained higher DES and TEN scores and lower ACQ and ICP (CRIP) scores than the N Group. The ED Group exhibited positive correlations between PASS, ACQ and ICP (CRIP) scores and psychopathological MMPI scales while the IM Group revealed negative correlations between ACQ, PASS, TEN, ICP (CRIP), FEAR and DES scores and psychopathological MMPI scales. These results indicated in general that Hand Test performance is sensitive to the test situation and that this factor should be taken into account when Hand Test responses are interpreted.

Thirty children treated for brain tumors between 1978-1985 at Kurume university hospital were evaluated for alternation in intellectual, emotional, and social function. They were 15 males and 15 females, aged 3 to 16 years, on the averaged 1.7 years after treatment. Twenty-eight children had no neurological deficits and 2 children had slight neurological deficits. It was possible for twenty-eight children to be evaluated for intelligence quotient by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-revised and Tanaka-Binet. The median score and standard deviation of intelligence quotient (IQ) test in children with brain tumors were as follows; verbal IQ: 84 +/- 16, performance IQ: 77 +/- 20, full scale IQ: 80 +/- 20. There children with brain tumors obtained significant low IQ scores than children (t-test, P less than 0.01). Twenty-one (72%) children showed subnormal IQ scores (IQ less than 90) and 7 children showed normal IQ scores (IQ greater than or equal to 90). Concerning social and emotional function, twelve children (45.7%) showed abnormal behaviour. The median scores and standard deviation of IQ scores in cranial irradiated patients were as follows; verbal IQ: 79 +/- 13, performance IQ: 71 +/- 15, full scale IQ: 71 +/- 14. Especially, ten of twelve cranial irradiated patients showed subnormal IQ scores. Also, cranial irradiated patients obtained significant low IQ scores than non-cranial irradiated patients (t-test, P less than 0.05). Serial evaluation of three cranial irradiated patients revealed further deterioration without recurrence of tumor and hydrocephalus, The results are discussed to: (1) the effects and mechanism of cranial irradiation on cognitive development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The present paper investigated visual interaction in conversational dyads by using a larger range of gaze pattern measures associated with conversation than the total eye contact measure. Specifically, it aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the localized gaze pattern measure, which was scored for each subject by summing up gaze patterns for 3 s immediately prior to and following the end of the interviewer's utterance over three occasions. Twenty female students were interviewed by one male student for about 10 min. The interview topics were "fashion" for the first 5 min and "sex" for the remaining 5 min. (1) The frequency of a subject's gaze and eye contact was significantly greater in the "fashion" topic than in the "sex" topic, but the total amount and average length of both measures were not significantly different between the topics. (2) Immediately after the end of the interviewer's utterance subjects' gaze decreased, with significantly lesser localized gaze in the "sex" topic than in the "fashion" topic. It could thus be said that the localized gaze measure was more sensitive than the total eye contact measure.