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現在、各国で立憲民主主義の危機をめぐる議論が盛んである。はたして憲法的思考、立憲主義が凋落傾向にあるのだろうか。本稿では、この問題意識から出発して、憲法と国家との関係を再検討する。そのなかで、「憲法」「立憲主義」「憲法制定権力」「社会的憲法」などの憲法学にとってのザ・基本概念もあらためて再検討される。

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text, 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper

本報告書は、原子力規制関係法令を受けた「再処理施設保安規定」、「核燃料物質使用施設保安規定」、「放射線障害予防規程」、「放射線保安規則」及び茨城県等との「原子力施設周辺の安全確保及び環境保全に関する協定書」、「水質汚濁防止法」並びに「茨城県条例」に基づき、令和3年4月1日から令和4年3月31日までの期間に日本原子力研究開発機構核燃料サイクル工学研究所から環境へ放出した放射性排水の放出管理結果をとりまとめたものである。再処理施設、プルトニウム燃料開発施設をはじめとする各施設からの放射性液体廃棄物は、濃度及び放出量ともに保安規定及び協定書等に定められた基準値を十分に下回った。, Based on the regulations (the safety regulation of Tokai Reprocessing Plant, the safety regulation of nuclear fuel material usage facilities, the radiation safety rule, the regulation about prevention from radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, which are related with the nuclear regulatory acts, the local agreement concerning with safety and environment conservation around nuclear facilities, the water pollution control law, and by law of Ibaraki Prefecture), the effluent control of liquid waste discharged from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories of Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been performed. This report describes the effluent control results of the liquid waste in the fiscal year 2021. In this period, the concentrations and the quantities of the radioactivity in liquid waste discharged from the reprocessing plant, the plutonium fuel fabrication facilities, and the other nuclear fuel material usage facilities were much lower than the limits authorized by the above regulations.

A 74-year-old woman with gross hematuria for 3 months was referred to our hospital. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan showed a mass on the upper-right renal calyx, and retrograde pyelography showed stenoses from the renal pelvis to the renal calyx infundibulum. We performed an endoscopic biopsy, which led to a diagnosis of urothelial cancer. Therefore, she underwent total right nephroureterectomy, and pathological examination revealed a clear cell variant of invasive urothelial carcinoma. Irradiation was performed mainly on the renal arteriovenous stump 2 months postoperatively; subsequently, three courses of combination chemotherapy comprising gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) were administered. Port-site recurrence and pelvic recurrence were observed 22 months after the operation, and GC therapy and pembrolizumab were administered. However she died 36 months after the operation. The clear cell variant of invasive urothelial carcinoma of the upper urethra is rarely reported. Moreover, since this was a very rare case, we have included a literature review in our report.

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A 75-year-old woman visited our hospital with left lumber pain and fever. Symptoms, and computed tomography imaging revealed left pyelonephritis. Then she was admitted to our hospital for treatment. She improved with tazobactam and piperacillin PIPC infusion immediately and was discharged from the hospital. After that she visited our hospital twice with the same symptoms and was given hospital treatment. A second retrograde pyelography (RP) was performed urgently, and the diagnosis was left ureteral sciatic hernia. Then we placed a left ureteral stent. Three months later, we confirmed that the hydronephrosis was improved and removed the stent. Six months after stent removal, recurrence has not been observed.

本報告書は、原子力規制関係法令を受けた「再処理施設保安規定」,「核燃料物質使用施設保安規定」,「放射線障害予防規程」,「放射線保安規則」及び茨城県等との「原子力施設周辺の安全確保及び環境保全に関する協定書」,「水質汚濁防止法」並びに「茨城県条例」に基づき,令和2年4月1日から令和3年3月31日までの期間に日本原子力研究開発機構核燃料サイクル工学研究所から環境へ放出した放射性排水の放出管理結果をとりまとめたものである。再処理施設,プルトニウム燃料開発施設をはじめとする各施設からの放射性液体廃棄物は、濃度及び放出量ともに保安規定及び協定書等に定められた基準値を十分に下回った。, Based on the regulations (the safety regulation of Tokai Reprocessing Plant, the safety regulation of nuclear fuel material usage facilities, the radiation safety rule, the regulation about prevention from radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, which are related with the nuclear regulatory acts, the local agreement concerning with safety and environment conservation around nuclear facilities, the water pollution control law, and by law of Ibaraki Prefecture), the effluent control of liquid waste discharged from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories of Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been performed. This report describes the effluent control results of the liquid waste in the fiscal year 2020. In this period, the concentrations and the quantities of the radioactivity in liquid waste discharged from the reprocessing plant, the plutonium fuel fabrication facilities, and the other nuclear fuel material usage facilities were much lower than the limits authorized by the above regulations.

A 65-year-old man received docetaxel for prostate cancer. Eight months later, we observed abdominal free air and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis by computed tomography. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis can be caused by various etiologies. However, in the present case, multiple factors could have contributed and we could not specify the exact cause. We reduced the dose of steroid hormone, stopped docetaxel, and followed the patient conservatively with oral antibiotics. The pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and free air resolved promptly.

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This paper tackles hoverability analyisi of a tiled quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle with only clockwise rotors. First, a dynamical model of a general multirotor UAV is presented and two novel quadrotor structures are next proposed. Then, their hoverability is analyzed. Finally, numerical simulation is used to verify the robustness of the quadrotors against parameter errors.

本報告書は、原子力規制関係法令を受けた「再処理施設保安規定」、「核燃料物質使用施設保安規定」、「放射線障害予防規程」、「放射線保安規則」及び「茨城県等との原子力施設周辺の安全確保及び環境保全に関する協定書」、「水質汚濁防止法」並びに「茨城県条例」に基づき、平成30年4月1日から平成31年3月31日までの期間に日本原子力研究開発機構核燃料サイクル工学研究所から環境へ放出した放射性排水の放出管理結果をとりまとめたものである。再処理施設, プルトニウム燃料開発施設をはじめとする各施設からの放射性液体廃棄物は、濃度及び放出量ともに保安規定及び協定書等に定められた基準値を十分に下回った。, Based on the regulations (the safety regulation of Tokai Reprocessing Plant, the safety regulation of nuclear fuel material usage facilities, the radiation safety rule, the regulation about prevention from radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, which are related with the nuclear regulatory acts, the local agreement concerning with safety and environment conservation around nuclear facilities, the water pollution control law, and by law of Ibaraki Prefecture), the effluent control of liquid waste discharged from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories of Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been performed. This report describes the effluent control results of the liquid waste in the fiscal year 2018. In this period, the concentrations and the quantities of the radioactivity in liquid waste discharged from the reprocessing plant, the plutonium fuel fabrication facilities, and the other nuclear fuel material usage facilities were much lower than the limits authorized by the above regulations.

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

2018年度からは教育・人間科学講座発行

Choroidal and central nervous system metastases from prostate cancer are extremely rare. We report a case of choroidal and brain metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). A 75-year-old male patient with metastatic CRPC presented with a 1-week history of a decrease in visual acuity in his left eye. An ophthalmoscopic examination revealed a choroidal tumor, 4 disc diameters across with serious retinal detachment. He was diagnosed with metastatic choroidal tumor from examination and patient's background. The external beam radiation therapy of total 30 Gy was successful and his visual acuity was improved. Three courses of chemotherapy with docetaxel (55 mg/m2) were performed, but finally he was found to have multiple brain metastases 4 months later. His headache disappeared after palliative whole brain radiotherapy, but he died 3 months after diagnosis of brain metastases. Although choroidal and brain metastases from prostate cancer are very rare, it is important for urologists to listen to the patient's complaints and consider the possibility of these rare metastases in patients with advanced cancer.

本稿では、科学教育研究者であるバイビーの開発した5E指導モデルについて、その理論の背景にあるカープラスの学習サイクルと比較することで、その意義について検討を行った。カープラスの学習サイクルは「探索--発明--発見」の3つの局面から、5E指導モデルは「関与--探索--説明--精緻化--評価」の5つの局面から、それぞれ構成される学習活動の設計理論である。これらの内実を検討した結果、5E指導モデルは次の2点に意義があることが明らかになった。(1)学習サイクルに内包されていた児童の関与や評価といった要素を、従来のように他の局面に含みこむのではなく、1つの局面として取り出すことで、概念理解に向けて必要な要素を一層明確にしていた。(2)協同学習の要素を探索や精緻化の局面に接合し、評価の局面を位置づけることで、学習サイクルを現実の科学的探究のプロセスと重ね合わせ、概念を深く学ぶだけでなく、科学的探究の方策や科学の本質を学ぶ単元設計の在り方を明らかにしていた。, This paper examines the 5E instructional model advocated by R.W. Bybee, who conducted scientific educational research in the USA, by comparing it with learning cycle model advocated by R. Karplus. The Learning cycle model plays a role in helping educators and teachers design learning activities in unit or curriculum development. Karplus' Learning cycle consists of three phases, exploration, invention and discovery. In comparison, the 5E instructional model is consist of five phases, engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration and evaluation. Comparisons show that the 5E instructional model has the following two new meanings: (1) The 5E instructional model regards engagement and evaluation, which are included as indiscrete phases in the original learning cycle, as one phase. The 5E instructional model formulated phases that are important for students to master in order to understand scientific concepts more clearly. (2) The 5E instructional model incorporates the theory of cooperative learning into exploration phase and elaboration phase, and adds an evaluation phase. Thereby, Bybee brings the 5E instructional model closer to the actual process of scientific inquiry. The 5E instructional model suggests a way to design units in which students learn not only scientific concepts but also about the process of scientific inquiry itself and the nature of science.

The attention to the impact of dietary interventions, such as diet or nutritional supplements,on chronic diseases has been increasing. Several meta-analyses have shown the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet on chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.In this paper, we introduce those dietary interventions and the benefits of the Mediterranean diet. Furthermore, we developed a Mediterranean meal plan for dysphagia. The Mediterranean meal plan for dysphagia shows high contents of dietary fiber and monounsaturated fatty acids compared with the Japanese meal plan for dysphagia.

本稿では、米国の科学教育研究者であるジョセフ・クレイチェックのカリキュラム設計モデルについて、その成立過程に即して検討を行った。クレイチェックのカリキュラム設計モデルでは、学問固有の認識を基盤とした目標の明確化を中心に据えていた。特に彼は、転移に向けて、学習パフォーマンスと呼ばれる形式で、重大な観念と科学的な実践を用いて生徒ができるようになることをパフォーマンスの形で具体化するとともに、指導過程を特定していた。加えて、「構成概念中心の設計」では、目標を叙述する際に、そのパフォーマンスの背後にある構成概念を明確化し、その質を観察可能な行動として特定していた。これにより、構成概念に含まれる科学的な観念や実践の理解の質を、指導を通して高めることで、単に転移を促すだけでなく、そのパフォーマンスの質を向上させることを志向していた。This paper examines the curriculum design model of J.S. Krajcik who leads research science education in the USA by focusing on the course of establishment. His curriculum design model is centered around specification of educational objectives based on domain-specific cognition. Especially, for students to transfer their knowledge or skills, he develops learning performances that are objectives to articulate the cognitive tasks for students to become accomplished with learned big ideas and practices in science. In addition, he designs assessments and instructional processes or strategies based on this learning performance. When Krajcik describes learning performance in the “construct-centered design, ” he clarifies the constructs behind the performance. In addition, he determines the quality by specifying observable action. Therefore, because he improves the quality of students’ understanding of scientific practices and ideas through instruction, he prompts them to not only transfer, but also to improve the quality of the performance.

Carbohydrate counting is an approach used by patients with diabetes to improve their glycemic control through adjusting dietary carbohydrate intake and aiding insulin therapy. It has shown to especially improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. In this study, we introduce the methods and the training of carbohydrate counting in Japan. Kuroda’s method is easy way of estimating carbohydrate content. We believe that once patients master Kuroda’s method, they can further improve glycemic control using Kawamura and Hirose’s method through calculating carbohydrate content more precisely. In addition, we investigated a tendency of carbohydrate counting in Japanese food. These facts indicate the importance of basic carbohydrate counting education for dietitian such as meal planning and assessing carbohydrate content of various Japanese foods.

The present study aims the revival as the traditional food of pufferfish liver which was prohibited to serve as an edible food at 1983 by the Ministry of Welfare, with safety, nutritional function and deliciousness. From our study worked so far, the liver of non-toxic pufferfish obtained was found to possess a high preference with high functional IPA and DHA. However, its characteristic fish and shellfish odor impairs its preference. Through present study, the components of the odor occurred were varied dependent on heating temperature. The non-toxic pufferfish liver was put in the sampling bag followed by filling the inert gas and was heated for about one hour at 40 degrees or 100 ones. The components of the gas occurred through heating were analyzed by the MPT-GC/MS method. From the pufferfish liver heated at 40 degrees, hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were mainly detected as the causative odor.On the other hand, in heating treatment at 100 degrees, a lot of trimethylamine newly occurred and further 3-methylbutanol and isobutanol remarkably increased in replacement of most components detected formerly. From these results, the odor generated on the heat-treatment of pufferfish liver was found to mainly consist of trimethylamine and 3-methylbutanol. Next, the processed foods were manufactured by using each two mixture of a miso, a sake, and an akazake effective to improve fish and shellfish odor. The sensory evaluation (ranking test, 5-point scoring test) was performed by panel in the evaluation method to evaluate the odor and the preference of obtained processed foods. As a result, the pufferfish liver having been processed mixing the miso with the akazake was, overall, high evaluation, especially liked four items (odor, appearance, taste, processed food) in six kinds of samples. In addition, it was clarified that the ratio of 1:1 of the miso and the akazake was the best.

本報告書は、原子力規制関係法令を受けた「再処理施設保安規定」、「核燃料物質使用施設保安規定」、「放射線障害予防規程」、「放射線保安規則」及び「茨城県等との原子力施設周辺の安全確保及び環境保全に関する協定書」、「水質汚濁防止法」並びに「茨城県条例」に基づき、平成29年4月1日から平成30年3月31日までの期間に日本原子力研究開発機構核燃料サイクル工学研究所から環境へ放出した放射性排水の放出管理結果をとりまとめたものである。再処理施設, プルトニウム燃料開発施設をはじめとする各施設からの放射性液体廃棄物は、濃度及び放出量ともに保安規定及び協定書等に定められた基準値を十分に下回った。, Based on the regulations (the safety regulation of Tokai Reprocessing Plant, the safety regulation of nuclear fuel material usage facilities, the radiation safety rule, the regulation about prevention from radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, which are related with the nuclear regulatory acts, the local agreement concerning with safety and environment conservation around nuclear facilities, the water pollution control law, and by law of Ibaraki Prefecture), the effluent control of liquid waste discharged from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories of Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been performed. This report describes the effluent control results of the liquid waste in the fiscal year 2017. In this period, the concentrations and the quantities of the radioactivity in liquid waste discharged from the reprocessing plant, the plutonium fuel fabrication facilities, and the other nuclear fuel material usage facilities were much lower than the limits authorized by the above regulations.

1898年に秋田で生まれた天野芳太郎は、30歳のときに中南米にわたって実業家として成功し、後にペルーのリマ市に考古学博物館を創設した人物である。 天野は少年時代から考古学に関心をもっていたが、その関心を決定づけたのは、1935年のマチュピチュ訪問であった。天野はマチュピチュで、そこに住んでいた野内与吉という日本人に出会い、彼の案内で一週間ほどマチュピチュを踏査した。 しかし、第二次世界大戦が始まると、天野は総てを失い、北米の収容所に入れられたあと、日本に送還された。戦後の1951年に再び南米に向かい、ペルーで事業を再開し成功するが、後半生は古代アンデス文明の研究と土器、織物などの考古遺物のコレクションに身を投じ、1964年リマに博物館を設立したのである。 それに先立つ1956年、当時東京大学助教授であった泉靖一がリマで天野芳太郎と出会った。泉はすぐにアンデス研究を始め、調査団を組織し発掘を始めた。最初のコトシュ遺跡の発掘で、アメリカ大陸最古の神殿を発掘した。東京大学はそれ以来アンデスの研究で大きな実績を重ねてきた。 岡山出身の実業家森下精一は、1969年リマで天野芳太郎の博物館を訪問し、古代アンデスの土器や織物のすばらしさに衝撃を受け、中南米の考古遺物を蒐集し、1975年自らも岡山県に博物館を開設した。 筆者らは、放送大学のTV特別講義「古代アンデス文明と日本人」を制作し、2015年秋田でそのテーマの展示会を企画し実現した。本稿では、それらの内容を中心に、日本人による古代アンデス文明研究、その背景としての先人たちの「運命的」な出会い、そして秋田で開催した展示会について論じる。

This study explores of the development process of peer programs and student learning assessment higher education student affairs in the United States. Peer programs are gaining popularity on college campuses. Peer activities began in a resident halls in colonial universities, and organized as resident assistants (RAs) in the 1900’s. And after the 1970s it grew to variety areas in student affairs such as student mentors, student tutors, orientation assistants and peer educators. The student learning and learning outcomes assessment are new challenge for peer programs in the spread of an assessment culture in student affairs. Learning outcomes have become an indispensable element for student assessment cycles. Development learning outcomes on peer programs are achieved through the leadership of professional standards by professional associations. And learning outcomes are characterized by consisting of not only competency as a peer leader like a leadership, community development, communication, but also program management skills. The next tasks of this research are further case studies of peer programs assessment with learning outcomes, for understanding the whole process of a student affairs assessment cycle and holistic student learning outcomes in peer programs. It will be contributory to explore how the shift to a learner-centered higher education through the growing of an assessment culture of student affairs., 本研究はJSPS科研費: 30553416 の助成を受けたものである。