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動注化学療法は, 高齢・主要臓器機能低下等のlow risk症例においても諸家の報告と遜色のない効果が得られたことより, 今後更に検討に値する治療法の一つと考えられる.neoadjuvant療法としての有用性も期待できるが, 今後neoadjuvant療法の目的の一つであるmicrometastasisに対して全身化学療法を上回る有用性があるか否か等多くの課題も残されており, randomized studyによる多数症例での検討も必要と考える, The present investigation was conducted to examine the effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for patients with invasive bladder cancer. A total of 37 patients were treated with IAC at Nara Medical University and its affiliated hospitals between January, 1993 and August, 1997. There were 27 patients in the poor risk group. The remaining 10 patients underwent anti-tumor IAC. Thirty of the 37 patients received chemotherapeutic agents via a reservoir, and the remaining 7 patients received a one-shot injection of agents followed by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). In the reservoir group, there were 18 patients who received IAC in combination with radiation therapy. As a result, reduction of tumor size was noted in 53%, and the 3-year cause-specific survival rate was 54% in all cases. There was a significant difference in the 3-year survival rate between the radiation-treated group and the group without radiation. The adverse events included anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal symptoms, but none of them were severe. The results of the present study indicate that IAC is useful in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer for poor risk patients.

膀胱皮膚瘻で尿路管理中の女性頸髄損傷患者5例の長期成績について検討した.全例で, 上部尿路は正常に保たれており, 自律神経過反射は消失した.患者のQOLも改善し, 手術に対する満足度も高かった.女性頸髄損傷患者において, 膀胱皮膚瘻は有用な尿路管理法であると考えられた, Tetraplegic women who underwent a cutaneous vesicostomy in our institutions were studied to evaluate long-term urinary complications and their quality of life (QOL). A total of 5 patients (C4, C5 and C6 injuries in one patient each and C7 injury in 2) were followed for 98 to 125 months (mean 107 months). Autonomic hyperreflexia disappeared after surgery in all patients. None of the patients showed deterioration of the upper urinary tract. Urinary tract infections were noted in 3 of 5 patients, but not severe. Bladder stones developed in 2 patients and a stomal stricture in 1. A questionnaire survey showed the patients to be satisfied with the operation, which had improved their QOL. These findings suggest that a cutaneous vesicostomy is an excellent surgical procedure for tetraplegic women.

前立腺癌の初期治療としてTAB療法は, 従来の内分泌療法と比較してほぼ同等の有効率がえられ, 副作用の出現頻度は女性ホルモン剤に比較し低かった.TAB療法中の再燃の際にはwithdrawal syndromeを考慮する必要がある, To evaluate the usefulness of total androgen blockade (TAB) therapy, we retrospectively studied 45 patients with prostate cancer who received TAB therapy as the first-line treatment. The clinical stage was A2 in 1 patient, B1 in 10, B2 in 9, C in 6, D1 in 3 and D2 in 16. Seven, 25 and 13 patients had well, moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, respectively. The patients were placed on 1 of 3 TAB regimens: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist and flutamide (group 1), LH-RH agonist and chlormadinone acetate (group 2) and a surgical castration and flutamide (or chlormadinone acetate) (group 3). The therapeutic effect was evaluated at 12 weeks according to the response criteria in the general rules for clinical and pathological studies on prostatic cancer. The overall response was partial response (PR) in 35 patients (77.8%), no change (NC) in 6 (13.3%) and progressive disease (PD) in 4 (8.9%). PR was obtained in 81.3, 79.2 and 60% of the patients in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. One patient with PD responded briefly to flutamide withdrawal. None of the patients developed any severe adverse effects. In conclusion, the first-line TAB therapy is effective for prostate cancer with a lower risk than estrogens. Relapsed cases should be followed for flutamide withdrawal syndrome during TAB therapy.

1985年1月～1995年6月に, 奈良医大泌尿器科ならびに関連施設で入院治療した下部尿路損傷61例について臨床的検討を行った. 1)膀胱挫傷は保存的治療を行い, 膀胱破裂は早期の外科的治療を必要とした. 2)尿道損傷については出血, 著明な尿の溢流等がない場合, 膀胱瘻の設置にとどめ, 積極的な治療は骨盤骨析等の合併損傷の安定をみてから尿道形成を行う方が, 尿道狭窄等の合併症の発生頻度が低くなると考えられた, A total of 61 patients with lower urinary tract injuries were treated at Nara Medical University and its affiliated hospitals, between January 1985 and June 1995. There were 9 patients with bladder injuries and 52 patients with urethral injuries. The main cause of bladder injury was a traffic accident sustained in 4 patients (44.5%) and that of urethral injury was an occupational accident sustained in 27 cases (51.9%). The major associated injuries were a bone fracture seen in 45 patients (73.8%) and an intrascrotal hematoma seen in 28 patients (45.9%). Posterior urethral injuries associated with pelvic bone fractures were classified into 3 types according to the classification reported by Colapinto et al.; 8 patients (32.0%) into Type I, 8 (32.0%) into Type II and 9 (36.0%) into Type III. Of the 25 patients with posterior urethral injuries, 8 (32.0%) underwent immediate surgical treatment, 12 (48.0%) underwent initial cystostomies and delayed surgical treatment and 5 (20.0%) received indwelling of urethral catheters. Postoperative complications of urethral injury included urethral stricture in 30 patients (57.7%), incontinence in 3 (5.8%) and impotence in 3 (5.8%). A significant relationship between the duration of cystostomy and the incidence of postoperative urethral stricture was observed in our patients. Therefore at least three weeks of cystostomy will be necessary in the management of patients with complicated urethral injuries.

1995年8月迄の9年間に当大学及びその関連施設において治療した成人の精巣腫瘍148例について検討した. 1)病期別, 病理組織別に分類した結果.セミノーマ群は99例で, stage Iが90例, stage IIが7例, stage IIIが2例であった.またNSGCT群は49例で, stage Iが31例, stage IIAが3例, stage IIBが4例, stage IIIが11例であった. 2)著者等の統一した治療指針に沿わない解析除外例が, セミノーマ群で7例, SNGCT群で15例あった. 3)セミノーマ群のstage Iでは, 異常所見がなければ基本的に, surveillance policyとする, Since April 1986, a prospective clinical trial for testicular cancer has been underway by our Nara Uro-Oncology Research Group. One hundred and forty-eight cases of germ cell tumor were entered into this study between April, 1986 and August, 1995. They included 99 cases (66.9%) of seminoma and 49 cases (33.1%) of non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). The mean age of seminoma cases (39.7 yrs) was higher than that (30.2 yrs) of NSGCT cases. One hundred and twenty-three cases were treated according to our protocol. In the treatment group, one patient with stage I seminoma died of other diseases and one patient each with stage II and stage III seminoma died of cancer. Three patients with stage III NSGCT died of cancer. The 5-year survival rate was 100% for stage I seminoma, and stage I and stage II NSGCT, 75.0% for stage II seminoma, 0% for stage III seminoma and 66.7% for stage III NSGCT. These findings suggest that new treatment modalities should be introduced into our protocol in the future.

1)非前立腺癌泌尿器科疾患687例のうち, 泌尿器科的検査・処置によると考えられる一過性のPSA異常値は38例(5.5%)にみられた. 2)PSAが異常高値を示した例の頻度は, BPHで22.3%, 前立腺癌病期Aで65.4%, Bで83.5%, Cで95.1%, Dで96.1%と前立腺癌例で陽性率が高く, 前立腺腫瘍マーカーとして有用性は高かった. 3)前立腺癌の分化度別のPSA値は, 大半の病期において分化度が低くなるほど高かった. 4)前立腺癌の正診率の向上に, PSA測定に加えて, γ-seminoproten(GAM), 前立腺酸性フォスファターゼ(PAP)の3者同時測定を試みた.限局性前立腺癌の診断におけるGSM, PAPの陽性率はPSAより低く, 併用の有用性はみられず, PSAのみでよいとみられた, The number of cases of prostate carcinoma (PCA) is steadily inceasing in Japan. The clinical application of a reliable tumor marker, prostate specific antigen (PSA) for the diagnosis, as well as the increasing elderly population in Japan may account for this increase. The subjects were patients at the Nara Medical University and its affiliated hospitals; 1) 687 cases without PCA were evaluated for age-specific PSA and the incidence of abnormal PSA following urological manipulations, 2) 135 cases with histological proven BPH by transurethral resection of prostate (TUR-P) were examined for PSA density (PSAD) and positive PSA rate in BPH, 3) 135 cases receiving a needle biopsy with suspicion of PCA were examined for the efficacy of PSA and PSAD and other parameters, and 4) 459 PCA cases treated between 1988 and 1994, were examined for specific PSA and PSAD values by stage and degree of cell differentiation. The PSA assay used in this study was MARKIT-M PA (normal range < or = 3.6 ng/ml). The PSA was decreased gradually with age in non-PCA patients, and abnormal PSA was found in 5.5% of these patients following manipulations. The average PSA was 2.95 +/- 2.03 ng/ml in 130 BPH patients (mean age: 71.1 +/- 7.0 years old. and average prostate volume: 32.9 +/- 16.1 ml). And abnormal PSA level (more than 3.61 ng/ml) was found in 22.3%. The mean PSAD was 0.1.0 +/- 0.06, and PSAD was below 0.15 in 86.1% of these BPH cases. Among the 135 cases receiving a needle biopsy, 33 cases had PSA values between 3.61 and 10.0 ng/ml. Of these cases, PCA was found in 18.5% of the 27 cases with a PSAD below 1.5, and in 33.3% of the 6 cases with a PSAD over 1.5. PSA and PSAD were proportionally increased with stage, and a significant difference in the PSA value was observed between stage B1 and B2, and stage C and D (P < 0.05). However, PSA and PSAD values were not significantly correlated with the cell differentiation in PCA stage A2-C. In total, PSA was 18.1 ng/ml in well, 23.9 ng/ml in moderately and 35.9 ng/ml in poorly differentiated type PCA. The positive rate of PSA was 22.3, 65.4 and 83.5%, that of prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) was 10.0, 17.8 and 45.8%, and that of GSM was 25.0, 14.7 and 68.4%, in BPH, stage A PCA and stage BPCA, respectively. In conclusion, PSA is the most reliable tool in the diagnosis of localized PCA. However, the differential diagnosis of BPH and localized PCA is difficult when the PSA value is between 3.61 and 10.0 ng/ml, and accurate staging of localized PCA is difficult with PSA or PSAD alone. At present, it is necessary to use all possible tools for the early detection of localized PCA, and to perform the needle biopsy in all PCA-suspicious cases.

1994年6月からの1年間, 高血圧等の慢性疾患で通院中の102例(60歳代36例, 70歳代49例, 80歳以上17例)について, chemiluminescence法により前立腺特異抗原(PSA)を測定した.PSA 3.0ng/ml以上(正常値は2.22ng/ml)の例は36例(35.3%)で, うち20例は泌尿器科を受診して直腸内指診(DRE)と経直腸的超音波検査(TRUS)を行った.16例ではTRUS誘導前立腺生検を行ったが, PSA 10ng/ml以上の15例中7例で前立腺癌を発見した.即ち, 前立腺癌発見率は6.9%(7/102)で, 日本人についての従来の健診による発見率の約4倍と高率であった.PSAによるスクリーニングは前立腺癌早期発見に有用と思われる, Screening was performed on 102 patients aged 60 years or older who visited the Outpatient Department of Internal Medicine in Tane General Hospital between June 1994 and May 1995. Of those screened, 36 patients (35.3%) had elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) values, and 20 of them visited the Urological Department, and underwent digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) for further screening. Of the 16 patients who underwent ultrasound guided biopsies of the prostate, 7 patients were found to have prostate cancer. Therefore, the cancer detection rate was 6.9%, which was about 4 times higher than that of mass-screening examinations previously reported in the Japanese literature. These findings suggested that the screening using PSA in outpatients of Internal Medicine may be useful for the early detection of prostate cancer.

1)登録症例は16例で, 全例が適格例であった. 2)副作用は16例中8例に認められたが, 軽度で, 臨床上特に問題はなかった.乳房圧痛, 乳房腫脹等の副作用が50mg群で1例, 80mg群で3例及び100mg群で2例に認められた. 3)有効性に関しては, 各投与群の1例ないし2例において, PR以上の抗腫瘍効果が認められた.又, 排尿困難, 排尿痛, 夜間頻尿の改善がみられた. 4)血清中ホルモンでは, LH, FSH, testosterone及びestradiol濃度の上昇が認められた, A phase I study (open trial) of bicalutamide (Casodex), a non-steroidal antiandrogen, was conducted on 16 patients with prostatic cancer (stage C to D). The patients were given 10, 30, 50, 80 or 100 mg of bicalutamide orally daily for 12 weeks. Adverse reactions were observed in 8 out of 16 patients, but almost all were mild. Breast pain, gynecomastia and hot flushes were observed in 6 patients. Adverse reactions regarding liver function tests were observed in 3 patients. These were increased glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaliphosphatase (AL-P) or gamma guanosine 5'-triphosphate (gamma-GTP). However, during or after the treatment period the elevated values were reversed to the pretreatment level. In terms of efficacy, anti-tumor effect was observed in 1 or 2 patients at each dose. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and estradiol increased during treatment. Plasma concentrations of the R (-) enantiomer, which has antiandrogenic activity, reached the steady state 6-8 weeks after the initiation of treatment; its apparent plasma elimination half-life observed following repeated administration was 8.4 +/- 1.1 days. In conclusion, bicalutamide (10-100 mg od) is considered to be tolerated well enough to be administered to patients with prostatic cancer and has shown evidence of anti-tumor effect.

ビカルタミド1日1回50mg群, 80mg及び100mgを12週間投与する3群比較の無作為化非盲検試験を実施した. 1)登録症例は124例で, 適格例は122例であった. 2)総合効果における奏効率は50mg群, 80mg群及び100mg群でそれぞれ50.5%, 61.0%及び53.7%であった. 3)PSAに対する奏効率は50mg群, 80mg群及び100mg群でそれぞれ84.2%, 92.7%及び97.6%であった. 4)副作用発現率は3群ほぼ6割で副作用による中止例は80mg群の1例のみで, 安全度において3群間に有意差はなかった.主な副作用は乳房腫脹, 乳房圧痛等であった, To investigate the efficacy and safety of bicalutamide (Casodex(R)) with its clinically recommended dose, the randomized early phase II study was performed in 124 patients with prostatic cancer (stage C, D). The patients were given 50, 80 or 100 mg of bicalutamide orally once a day in fixed doses for 12 weeks ; 122 patients were eligible for evaluation. The overall response rate was 50.0% (20/40); 61.0% (25/41) and 53.7% (22/41) in the 50 mg, 80 mg and 100 mg groups, respectively. The response rate in prostate lesion, bone and lymph node metastases was slightly higher in the 80 mg group than in the 50 mg and 100 mg groups. The proportion of patients showing a response with regard to serum PSA (CR and PR) was 84.2, 92.7 and 97.6% in the 50, 80 and 100 mg groups, respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions was 65.0, 61.0 and 61.0% in the 50, 80 and 100 mg groups, respectively, and there was no significant difference in overall safety rating in the three groups. Frequent adverse reactions were gynecomastia and breast pain. Only one patient in the 80 ing group was withdrawn due to shortness of breath. Serum concentrations of LH, testosterone and estradiol increased significantly after treatment. Bicalutamide was concluded to be effective and well tolerated in patients with prostatic cancer, and its recommended dose was 80 mg once daily.

A case of congenital patent urachus is reported. A 12-month-old boy was referred to our outpatient clinic with the complaint of watery discharge from the navel. A cystography revealed the communication between the dome of the urinary bladder and the umbilicus. Excretion from the umbilicus of indigocarmine solution instilled into the urinary bladder was recognized. There were no complicated abnormalities in other organs. The patient underwent radical operation. Herein, we collected 164 cases of urachal disorders reported in Japan and reviewed the incidence, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. The classifications of the disease were briefly discussed.

1982年1月より1993年6月までに, 入院加療した腎外傷70例について臨床的検討を行った結果, 腎外傷の際にも基礎疾患として泌尿器科疾患の発見されることを念頭において治療を行う必要性がある。また, 受傷後の血漿レニン活性の変動において, とくに高値を維持する症例には高血圧の発症が予想されるため厳重な経過観察が必要と考えられた, A total of 70 patients with renal trauma were treated at the Department of Urology, Nara Medical University and Nara Prefectural Hospital, including Life-Saving Emergency center, from January 1982 to June 1993. They were between 3 and 79 years old (mean 30.0) and preponded to the younger generation. The main cause of injury was traffic accident in 46 cases (65.7%). According to the Classification of Renal Injury by the Japanese Association for the Surgery of Trauma in Japan, there were 31 cases (44.3%) of type I (subcapsular injury), 18 cases (25.7%) of type II (superficial injury), 15 cases (21.4%) of type III (deep injury), and 6 cases (8.6%) of type IV (pedicle injury). Surgical treatment was performed in 17 cases (24.2%). The major associated injuries were bone fracture in 32 cases (45.7%), lung injury in 17 cases (24.2%), and liver injury in 15 cases (21.4%). Furthermore, hydronephrosis and ureteral tumors were incidentally found in 4 and 1 patient during the course of treatment for renal trauma. Post-traumatic plasma renin activities (PRA) in types III and IV were significantly higher than those in types I and II. Hypertension developed in 1 case of types I and II and 4 cases of types III and IV. The mean level of PRA was significantly decreased 2 years after renal injury in both groups. We should bear in mind that renal trauma may be associated with other urological diseases such as hydronephrosis and urological malignancies, and post-traumatic PRA should be followed carefully.

進行性尿路移行上皮癌の転移症例に対する治療成績を検討した。1)転移巣に対する治療法は化学療法がおもなものであったが, その治療成績は近接効果, 長期予後ともに現時点では決して満足すべきものではなかった。2)再発・転移症例群において, CRがえられた症例のみ長期生存がえられた。3)再発・転移を予防するために, adjuvant療法の有用性が示唆された, The current status of treatments for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract with metastasis is reported. A total of 62 patients were treated in Nara Medical University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals between January, 1980 and June, 1993. All patients were divided into two categories; cases in which local recurrence and/or distant metastasis had developed during the followup study (group 1) (n = 32) and fresh cases with distant metastasis (group 2) (n = 30). Most of the metastatic sites were treated with chemotherapy alone or combination therapy including chemotherapy. As for clinical response of each case, CR + PR rate in group 1 (34%) was higher than that in group 2 (13%) (p < 0.1). As for prognosis, the survival rate in group 1 was significantly higher than that in group 2 (p < 0.05). In group 1, the survival of CR was significantly higher than that of the non-responders. No adjuvant therapy for invasive bladder cancer and post-operative adjuvant therapy for renal pelvic and/or ureteral cancer can be recommended to prevent local recurrence or distant metastasis. In addition, supporting therapy and dose intensified chemotherapy would lead to good prognosis in advanced urothelial cancer patients.

1)腎の嚢胞性疾患6例9嚢胞に対して超音波ガイド下に嚢胞穿刺を行い嚢胞内容吸引後, CO2注入を試みた。2)穿刺後1ヵ月の時点において単純性腎嚢胞の5例5嚢胞に平均69%の縮小効果を認めた。3)穿刺施行前後においてvital signに変動なく特に合併症も見られなかった, Ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture of renal cysts replaced by CO2 was performed on 9 renal cysts of 6 patients from May 1993 through September 1993. Puncture and aspiration of cysts was performed using a 5.5 Fr one-step fluid drain kit (pig tail stent) under ultrasonography inspection. Aspirated volume of cyst contents was 15-292ml (mean 115 ml), and the instilled CO2 volume was 15-150 ml (mean 73 ml). All patients were checked by CT scan. In one month, the reduction rate of cyst volume was 46-84% (mean 69%) and lumbago, their chief complaint, was improved in all patients. No complications were observed in patients treated by CO2 instillation. Although long-term followup is needed to draw a definite conclusion, this therapy may be useful for benign renal cystic lesions.

Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) is a red fluorescence dye, which is accumulated more and retained longer in the mitochondria of malignant transformed cells. In this study, the suppressive effects on the growth of cultured urogenital carcinoma cells (PC-3 and LNCaP from prostate carcinoma, T-24 from bladder cancer, and SV-HUC-1 human ureteral transitional cell transformed by SV virus in vitro, ACHN, YCR-1 and RCF213 from renal cell carcinoma) were examined. The cell growth of PC-3, LNCaP, T-24 and SV-HUC-1 was suppressed significantly in a dose dependent manner, but that of cells derived from renal cell carcinoma was not suppressed. The uptake and elimination of Rh123 in PC-3, ACHN and YCR-1 were not significantly different. When administered with verapamil and buthionine sulfoximine, which are reported to be chemical modulators of anticancer agents, Rh123 suppressed the growth of ACHN and YCR-1 significantly. Rh123 seems to have an anticancer effect against the urogenital carcinomas, and the role of Rh123 with hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy requires further investigation.

二分脊椎患者32例に於いて, VUR(膀胱尿管逆流現象)を有する50尿管に対して逆流防止術を行った。1例を除き全例にCohen法の尿管膀胱新吻合術, 1例に両側Politano-Leadbetter法を行った。平均追跡期間42.5ヵ月に, 尿管の92.0%, 症例の87.5%で成功した。これらの成績は最近の文献のそれ等に匹敵した。3例ではVURが再発した。一側再植え込みを行った別の1例では対側尿管に新しく逆流が発生した。術後VURを防止する為には間欠導尿法を続ける事が重要である事を強調した, A series of 32 patients with spina bifida, representing 50 renal units with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), was treated with antireflux operation. All but one patient underwent ureteral reimplantation with Cohen's technique. Another patient was treated with bilateral Politano-Leadbetter's technique. The overall success rates were 92.0% by renal unit and 87.5% by case, with a mean follow-up period of 42.5 months. These results were comparable to those in the recent literature. Failure included recurrence of VUR in 3 patients. Another patient who had undergone unilateral reimplantation developed new occurrence of reflux in the contralateral ureter. Possible masking of contralateral VUR should be taken into consideration in patients with unilateral high grade VUR. We also emphasize the importance of continuing clean intermittent catheterization in a proper manner to be free of VUR postoperatively.

Augmentation cystoplasty is evolving into a common method of surgical treatment for a low capacity and/or low compliance neurogenic bladder. Although an increasing number of successful results have been recently reported, the operative indication of augmentation cystoplasty is yet to be established. Herein, we report two cases of neurogenic bladder due to spina bifida which required abandonment of augmentation cystoplasty. The first case was in a 23-year-old female with a severely deformed bladder and right vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). She refused to undergo ileocystoplasty because we could not assure her of postoperative conception which she eagerly anticipated. The second case was in a 19-year-old male with a severely deformed bladder and right VUR. He experienced recurrent episodes of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (V-P shunt) difficulty which required exchanging the shunt tube each time, and each exchange proved to be very difficult or nearly impossible. Based on lengthy neurosurgical consultation, we came to the conclusion that ileocystoplasty was not a preferable treatment of choice for the correction of his disease due to the possibility of V-P shunt infection, which could be fatal. Alternatively, both cases were treated with Cohen's ureteral reimplantation, which resulted in the recurrence of VUR. These cases presented still unresolved issues concerning the operative indication of augmentation cystoplasty in spina bifida patients.

46歳男, 初診時すでに腫瘍は腎, 脾, 膵, 胃等に浸潤していたが, THP-COP化学療法により腫瘍サイズの縮小化をはかり, 2次的に外科的切除を行った。術後も残存腫瘍に対し間歇的に化学療法を維持することにより, 初期治療後33ヵ月と比較的長期生存がえられた, Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a very rare disease and mainly arises in the head and neck area. We herein reported a case of EMP arising in the retroperitoneal space. A 46-year-old man was referred to our outpatient clinic in November 1989 with the complaint of flank pain on the left side. Radiological examinations showed a tumor formation in the retroperitoneal space, which involved the left kidney, spleen and pancreas. Immunoelectrophoresis showed an elevation of serum IgG level and a spike of M-protein was detected in the serum protein electrophoresis. No bone lesions were detected, and bone marrow aspiration showed no abnormal cells. US-guided needle biopsy of the tumor led to the histological diagnosis as plasmacytoma of the IgG-kappa type. Following three cycles of preoperative chemotherapy (a THP-COP regimen), which resulted in a size reduction of the tumor by 40%, extensive resection of the tumor including extirpation of the left kidney, spleen, and tail of pancreas was performed. Because of tumor extension into the posterior wall of the stomach, however, the surgery resulted in incomplete resection. A total of 11 cycles of postoperative chemotherapy (THP-COP) was performed periodically for the residual tumor in the stomach. Rapid tumor spreading in addition to re-elevation of the serum IgG level, however, developed after the 11th postoperative chemotherapy, which extensively involved the stomach and intestines. The patient died of the disease 33 months after the initiation of treatment.

1)125, 250, 375および500mgの用量の単回経口投与を受けた計11名の患者では副作用を認めなかった。2)375, 750, 1, 125および1, 500mg/日の用量の1日3分割経口投与を連日28日間行ったところ, 1, 500mg/日の投与を受けた4例中1例に胃部不快感, 悪心・嘔吐, 食欲不振の副作用症状を認めた。他の用量を投与された9例では副作用の訴えはなかった。3)臨床検査値の異常は375mg/日群の3例では認められなかったが, 他の用量群で9例中5例にトラスアミナーゼの上昇を認めた。特に, 1, 500mg/日群では評価可能な3例の全例に異常値を見た。4)LHの濃度の有意な上昇を認めた。5)客観的効果が各群において3例中2例に観察された。また, 疼痛, 排尿障害, PSの改善が認められた。6)投与後速やかに吸収され, 大部分が水酸化を受けたOH-フルタミドとして血液中に存在していた。また, 単回投与と比べ, 連日投与後のOH-フルタミドの半減期には大差を認めなかったがCmaxおよびAUCは増加していた。7)第2相臨床試験の試験用量としては, 375mg/日から1, 125mg/日の範囲が望ましいと結論された, A phase I study of orally administered flutamide (a pure anti-androgen) was performed in 26 patients with prostatic cancer. No side effects were observed in 11 patients receiving single doses of either 125, 250, 375 or 500 mg. However, in the daily dosing schedule of 375, 750, 1125 and 1, 500 mg/day doses, where medication was taken in three divided doses, discomfort in the stomach, nausea, vomiting and anorexia were experienced in one of the four patients receiving the highest dose of 1, 500 mg. Nine patients receiving the other doses did not complain of toxic symptoms. Laboratory values did not change in the three patients receiving the lowest 375 mg/day dose, but elevation of transaminase was observed in five of the nine patients given higher doses. This elevation was observed in all the three patients receiving 1, 500 mg/day dose. Among the serum hormone levels, significant increases of luteinizing hormone were observed. As for efficacy, objective responses were observed in two of the three patients in each of the four daily dosing groups. Improvement of pain, voiding obstruction symptoms, and performance status were also observed. Flutamide was found to be absorbed rapidly and to exist as a hydroxylated form (hydroxy-flutamide) in the plasma. The half-life of hydroxy-flutamide was similar in the single and daily administration, but the peak concentration and area under the concentration versus time curve in the daily administration became greater than those in the single administration. In conclusion, flutamide should be examined for efficacy and safety using doses of 375 to 1, 125 mg/day in the phase II study.

1)内分泌療法未治療の前立腺癌症例に対し, 375mg/日の用量で単独療法として使用しえる。この際, testosterone産生阻害療法に比し, 「生活の質」が保たれる。2)内分泌療法再燃例に対しても, ある程度その効果が期待できる。3)フルタミドと他の精巣性testosterone阻害剤との併用で, その併用効果が期待できる。4)また, LH-RHアナログの投与によるflare-up現象をフルタミドを併用することにより予防することが可能である, The phase II study of flutamide, a pure anti-androgen, was performed to estimate the clinical doses on 165 hormone untreated or treated patients with prostatic cancer. The hormone-untreated patients were given orally flutamide of 90, 375, 750 or 1, 125 mg/day in three divided doses daily for 12 weeks. Responses were not observed at the 90 mg/day dose except for improvement of clinical symptoms. However, an objective response rate of 48.8-46.7% was obtained at 375-1, 125 mg/day doses. In hormone-treated patients including cases refractory to the previous hormonal treatment, the objective response rates were 13.3 and 8.3% in 375 and 750 mg/day flutamide groups, respectively. Side effects such as gynecomastia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abnormal laboratory findings such as the elevation of hepatic transaminases were observed. The incidence increased dose-dependently. Determinations of serum hormone levels revealed an increase in testosterone levels by the use of flutamide. In conclusion 375 mg/day of flutamide is the optimal dose in monotherapy for hormone-untreated patients with prostatic cancer, where the quality of life can be maintained compared with therapies involving testosterone suppression. This dose is also expected to show some efficacy in cases refractory to hormone treatment.

1)初診時Ml症例に対しても可能なかぎり原発巣に対する手術を行うことが必要と考えられた。2)転移巣に対する有効な治療法の開発が必要である。3)有効な術後補助療法の開発も必要と考えた, The current status and controversy of the treatment for renal cell carcinoma are reported. From 1980 to 1990, a total of 283 patients with renal cell carcinoma were treated in Nara Medical University and its affiliated hospitals. All patients were divided into two groups: M0 group (n = 217) and M1 group (n = 66). In addition, the M0 group patients were divided into two groups according to the followup study: M0-->M0 group (n = 194) and M0-->M1 group (n = 23). There was a significant difference between the survival of the M0 group and that of the M1 group (p M0 group and that of the M0-->M1 group (p M1 group, no prognostic factor was seen. These findings indicated that surgical treatment for the primary site in M1 patients should be performed. In addition, development of effective treatment for metastatic sites other than the lungs and effective postoperative adjuvant treatment would be necessary.

1歳4ヵ月女児.病理組織検査にて異所性膵組織を認めたが, 本疾患の本邦報告例において異所性膵組織の頻度は高い.自験例では術前高値を示した血中アミラーゼが術後正常化しており, 異所性膵組織の関与が推測された.本疾患は泌尿器科疾患では尿膜管嚢胞との鑑別診断が必要であるが, 血中あるいは内容液中のアミラーゼ値が鑑別診断の助けになる可能性がある, A case of vitello intestinal cyst was reported. A 16-month-old girl was referred to our clinic with a complaint of a cystic mass in the region of the navel. With a diagnosis of urachal cyst, resection of the cyst was performed. Histopathologically, the cyst wall consisted of fibrous and fat tissue, and a small polypoid tumor which was found on the inner surface of the cyst was covered by intestinal epithelia. Pancreatic and gastric mucosal elements were observed in the submucosal layer. The histopathological diagnosis was vitello intestinal cyst. Serum amylase level elevated preoperatively normalized after removal of the cyst. We collected 11 cases of vitello intestinal cyst reported in Japan including the present case. Ectopic pancreatic tissue is considered a characteristic of vitello intestinal cyst and that serum or fluid amylase level may be useful for differential diagnosis of the disease.

1) T2～3の局所浸潤癌に対しては, prospective randomized studyにおいてCAP療法とradiationによるneoadjuvant療法群が近接効果および長期予後に対する効果ともに良い結果がえられた.2)術後の補助化学療法については, 新たなrandomized studyによる検討が必要である.3) T4の局所浸潤癌に対しては, M-VACを用いてneoadjuvant療法にて検討しているが, 症例数も少なく未だ満足できる成績はえられていない.4)補助化学療法における問題点として, The current status of adjuvant chemotherapy for clinically localized but invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is reported. Since 1986, a prospective randomized study has been conducted to examine the effects of neoadjuvant cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + cisplatin (CAP) and radiation therapy for T2-3N0-3M0. A total of 47 patients were entered. However, 4 patients were excluded from the study. All eligible patients were randomized into two groups: neoadjuvant CAP plus radiation and control group. In the neoadjuvant treated-group, a 55% complete response plus partial response rate and a 88% downstaging were noted. Both the 12- and 36-month disease-free survival rates of neoadjuvant treated-group were 94.7%, and were higher than those of the control group (p less than 0.1). As for T4N0-3M0 cases, a total of 6 patients were treated with neoadjuvant methotrexate + vinblastine + doxorubicin + cisplatin (M-VAC) therapy. Favorable results were not obtained in this study at this point, because full dose M-VAC and planned recycling were not performed sufficiently. These findings suggests that neoadjuvant CAP plus radiation therapy would be useful for T2-3 invasive cancer of the bladder. Methods to administer full dose M-VAC; such as developments of new chemotherapeutic agents and of new anti-toxic agents, should be developed. In addition, a more successful regimen than M-VAC should be considered for T4 localized invasive bladder cancer.

前立腺癌の治療成績の向上には前立腺癌の早期発見・早期根治治療に努めるとともに, 進行癌とくに低分化型腺癌に対する治療の開発が必要である.CDDPを中心とする化学療法ではPRが20/59例にみられたが, 生存率の改善はえられず, 進行前立腺癌に対するCDDPを中心とした化学療法はいまだその有用性は認められていない.しかし抗男性ホルモン療法に抵抗を示す進行前立腺癌の治療に他の有効な治療法が見いだせない現状では, 今後前立腺癌の自然史の解明と分子生物学的領域からもさらに有効な抗癌剤の開発や治療方法の向上に努力すべきである, CDDP combined chemotherapy was performed in 55 cases out of 229 prostatic cancer patients who were treated in Nara Medical University and Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital between January 1979 and August 1989. The previously untreated 33 patients received chemotherapy with anti-androgen treatment as an initial treatment, as well as 7 cases of unresponsive to antiandrogen treatment, 14 relapsing cases and one case with recurrence after total prostatectomy. The major regimens of chemotherapy were cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (CDDP) alone in 16 cases, PVB regimen (bleomycin or peplomycin + vincristine + CDDP) in 19 cases, and CAP regimen (cyclophosphamide + adriamycin + CDDP) in 16 cases. Complete response was not achieved or partial response was observed in 20 cases (34%), no change was seen in 20 cases (34%), and progression was seen in 19 cases (32%). Among each evaluable lesion, effects (CR + PR) were observed in 40% in the prostate, in 18% in the bone lesions, in 44% in the soft tissue lesions, and in 42% in the prostatic tumor marker. The 7-year survival rate of the chemotherapy group (35.6%) was better than that of the antiandrogen treatment group (26.6%) in stage D patients, but was not significant statistically When evaluated by the regimen, a partial response was observed in 56% of CDDP alone, in 21% of PVB regimen, and in 38% of the CAP regimen. However, there was no significant difference in survival rate among the regimens. As an adverse effect, myelosuppression and renal toxicity seemed to be dose limiting factors of CDDP combined chemotherapy for advanced prostatic cancer patients.

A 71-year-old male patient was referred to our department for further examination for right retroperitoneal tumor. Exploration was done through a flank approach and the tumor with right adrenal gland was removed. A pleomorphic lipoma was diagnosed histopathologically. There have been 8 reported cases of pleomorphic lipoma including our present case in Japan and we discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of this rare disease.

A 41-year-old female patient with a right retroperitoneal tumor for more than thirty years was referred to our department. Exploration was done through a transperitoneal approach and the tumor was removed. A ganglioneuroma was diagnosed histopathologically. There have been 99 reported cases with retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma including our present case in Japan and we discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of this rare disease.

A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder associated with a bladder stone in a 43-year-old man is reported. Because a 1 cm x 1 cm sized mass was found in the right lateral side of the dome at the time of vesicolithotomy, partial cystectomy was performed. The weight of the stone was 285 g and the tumor was histologically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma, grade 2, pT2. Radical cystectomy with ileal conduit was sandwiched by a total of 6 cycles of chemotherapy with PVB. Twelve cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder associated with a bladder stone(s) from the Japanese literature are reviewed, and the relationship between bladder stone, leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma discussed.

A 76-year-old man, who had undergone surgery for lung cancer, was referred to our department for further examination for left renal mass. Exploration was done through a transperitoneal approach and the left kidney was removed. A metastatic renal tumor originating from a pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed histologically. There have been 73 reported cases with metastatic renal tumor in Japanese literature and we reviewed the pathogenesis and treatment of this rare entity.

前立腺肥大症に対するCernilton(R)の有用性を検討するため, Paraprost(R)を対照薬とする多施設二重盲検群間比較試験を行った.1)総投与症例数192例中, 総合効果は159例, 総合安全度は178例, 有用度は159例について集計解析した.解析対象例と除外・脱落例の症例の構成および患者の背景因子において両群間に偏りはみられなかった.2)委員会と主治医判定による総合結果, 患者の印象のいずれにおいてもCN群の成績はPP群より高かったが, 両群間に有意差はなかった.3)自覚症状全般改善度の推移において, 4週後の委員会判定による中等度改善以上の改善率でCN群はPP群より有意に優れていた.また排尿困難の有力な指標である苒延性排尿に対する改善率でCN群はPP群より有意に優れていた.4)他覚所見の計測値の検討では, CN群は残尿量, 平均排尿量率, 最大排尿量率, 前立腺重量(Thumann計測)において投与前後の比較で有意の改善が認められた.また残尿量の段階推移においてもCN群で有意の改善が認められた.5)副作用, 臨床検査値で新たな異常値の発現のいずれもCN群にはみられなかった.6)委員会判定による有用度は, CN群はかなり有用以上で49.1%, PP群は41.2%でCN群の成績はPP群より高かったが両群間に有意差はなかった, A multiple center double blind study was performed to study the effectiveness of Cernilton (CN) on benign prostatic hypertrophy in comparison to Paraprost (PP). Among a total of 192 patients, overall effect was studied on 159 patients, overall safety rate on 178 patients and rate of effectiveness on 159 patients. There were no differences between the two groups in the selected patients, criteria for exclusion and drop out cases or background data of the patients. Impression of patients and overall effect by committee and physician judgment were slightly higher in the CN group compared to the PP group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. For the improvement in subjective symptoms, the rate of moderate improvement or more after 4 weeks by committee judgement was higher in the CN group compared to the PP group. The rate of improvement in protracted miction, which is an effective marker of urinary disturbance, was also higher in the CN group compared to the PP group. An analysis of objective symptoms showed a significant improvement in residual urinary volume, average flow rate, maximum flow rate and prostatic weight in the CN group. A significant improvement in the phased change of residual urinary volume was also seen in the CN group. No side effects or abnormalities in clinical test levels were noted in the CN group. By committee judgement, the rate of more than moderate effectiveness was 49.1% in the CN group compared to 41.2% in the PP group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. By physician's judgment, the rate of more than moderate effectiveness was 49.4% in the CN group compared to 46.3% in the PP group, but there was also no significant difference between the two groups. These results suggested that Cernilton was an effective drug for benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Since Kock et al. reported a low pressure continent reservoir using detubularized ileal segment as urinary diversion following cystectomy, continent urinary diversion including neobladder has been focused upon. On the other hand, ureterocutaneostomy, or ileal conduit as an incontinent urinary diversion is still commonly used, and especially the latter form is usually performed in many hospitals. These facts suggest that it is difficult to conclude that continent urinary diversion regarded as an excellent operation with good quality of life (QOL) is a generally acceptable method and that there are still some problems to decide the indication for urinary diversion. We discuss the problems about the postoperative complications and care of urinary diversion after cystectomy and our opinion about the selection of these operations.

In clinical trials in advanced urogenital cancer with metastasis there are cases showing a poor clinical response and poor prognosis. The cure of advanced urogenital cancer still remains a major problem in management. The present paper is a summary of 8 articles presented at the symposium on "Management of advanced urogenital cancer: Treatment of metastasis" in the 43th Annual Meeting of Center Section of Japanese Urological Association in November, 1993. The present status, problems and future conception of treatment modalities for advanced urogenital cancer were discussed.

Advanced (metastatic) renal cell carcinoma has a poor prognosis, and patients seldom survive for more than a few years despite aggressive therapy using conventional modalities. The treatment of metastatic lesions arising from renal cell carcinoma is a difficult and challenging problem. Recently, several kinds of new therapies including immunotherapy have been developed extensively for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, primarily because of the absence of an effective standard therapy. The present paper is a summary of 8 articles presented at the symposium on "Studies on new therapies in advanced renal cell carcinoma", 41st Annual Meeting of Center Section of Japanese Urological Association held in November, 1991. The present status and problems in treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, biological characters of this disease, immunotherapy including interferon therapy and LAK-therapy, monoclonal antibody to human renal cell carcinoma, intrinsic multidrug-resistance, and oncogenes (anti-IL-6 therapy) were discussed.

CQの膀胱内注入療法による副作用の発生につきMMCを対照薬とし雌性Beagle犬を用いCQ 5mgと10mgの投与量で膀胱内注入実験をおこなった.(1)空置膀胱内へCQ 10mg/20ml PBSの48時間貯留実験で, CQによる膀胱壁全層に炎症性変化が発生したが, 全身的副作用の発生は認めなかった.溶解液PBSには局所的, 全身的副作用を認めなかった.(2) CQ 5mg/20ml PBSを週1回, 3週間3回膀胱内注入実験で, 注入終了後3週間の実験終了時には, 血液, 血液化学的諸検査結果に変化はみず, 膀胱局所は内視鏡的には回復傾向がいちじるしく, 粘膜下組織に軽度の炎症性細胞浸潤をみ, 3頭中2頭に筋層と漿膜層に浮腫と軽度の炎症性変化を認めたのみであった.膀胱粘膜上皮には再生過程と考えられる粘膜上皮過形成をみた.(3) MMC 10mg/20ml PBSを週1回, 3週間3回膀胱内注入群では, 3頭中2頭で, 注入終了後7日目に未梢血白血球数が若干減少したが, 実験終了時には正常値に回復していた.膀胱鏡所見は3頭中1頭は回復傾向をみたが, 他の2頭では, 膀胱鏡所見, 病理組織学的所見ともにいちじるしい炎症性変化を認めた, The effects of intravesical instillation of Carboquone at the clinically used doses of 5 and 10 mg on the normal mucosa of female beagle dogs was compared with that of 10 mg Mitomycin C used as the control drug. Intravesical instillation for 48 hours of 10 mg carboquone/20 ml phosphate buffer solution (PBS) after bilateral cutaneous uretrostomies produced severe inflammatory changes in all layers of the bladder wall. However, no secondary effects were observed in blood laboratory examinations or histological examinations of the whole organ after autopsy. Phosphate buffer solution produced no remarkable secondary effects in animals. Five milligrams carboquone per 20 ml PBS was instilled intravesically once a week for 3 weeks in normal animals. Cystoscopically , the bladder mucosa recovered normally. Blood laboratory examinations showed no abnormal results, but the bladder epithelium had regenerative epithelial hyperplasia and slightly inflammatory changes in the submucosal layers. Two of the three control animals given instillation of 10 mg of Mitomycin C/20 ml PBS had slight leucopenia at 7 days after the last intravesical instillation, but leucocyte count was normal at the end of the experiment. Cystoscopic and histological examination of the epithelium of the urinary bladder revealed severe inflammatory changes in 2 of the 3 animals.

A 32-year-old woman was admitted because of a large abdominal mass in the right upper quadrant. Laboratory findings including hormonal studies were within normal ranges. CT scan and various X-ray examinations revealed a large adrenal cyst on the right side. On May 2, 1984, an adrenal cyst was removed through the right flank incision. Histological study showed that the wall of the cyst consisted of fibrous tissue with endothelial linings and dilated lymphatic vessels. Thus it was classified as a lymphangiomatous adrenal cyst.

The following tables show statistics on the inpatients, diseases and operations in our department during the period from January to December of 1975.

Excellent results of vasectomy reversal have been reported by Silber and Owen in 1977 using microsurgical technique without splints. Herein, we report two cases of male sterility due to previous voluntary vasectomy in which fertility was restored by microsurgical vasovasostomy. The reason for vasectomy reversal in these cases was a subsequent marriage. Case 1: A 36-year-old male who had had vasectomy 3 years earlier, underwent vasovasostomy on September 20th 1976. The sperm granuloma was not found, but sperm was observed in the fluid from the proximal cut-end of the vas deferens at the time of operation. He fathered a baby on October 2, 1977. Case 2: A 43-year-old male who had had vasectomy 10 years ago underwent vasovasostomy on February 5th 1980. Sperm granuloma was observed at the time of operation. He fathered a baby on February 25th 1981. The important factors that determine the success of vasectomy reversal are the method and time of reversal. 1) Microsurgical two-layer vasovasostomy is the most reliable method among the various operations for vasectomy reversal. 2) A shorter duration between vasectomy and it's reversal, and the existence of sperm granuloma after previous vasectomy increase the possibility to restore fertility.

A case of left renal cell carcinoma with a tumor thrombus extending into the vena cava and the right atrium is reported. A 49-year-old female presented with a one month history of palpitation, dyspnea, and leg edema. CT-scanning and angiography revealed a left renal tumor with a tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium. Left nephrectomy and the removal of an intra-atrial tumor thrombus were performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative course was unfavorable and the patient died on the 42nd day after the operation because of multiple organ failure in spite of repeated hemoperfusion. Operative procedure and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium are discussed.

Experience with the chemotherapy for testicular tumors, especially for non-seminomatous germinal cell tumors, in 10 institutes were presented at the Third Meeting of Co-operative Group for Urologic Cancer Chemotherapy. This paper was summarized on the combination chemotherapy, side effects and clinical results in these institutes. Discussion and comment were also made on the current progress and problems in the management of these patients. With the development of new combination chemotherapy it appears that advanced non-seminomatous germinal cell tumor is being considered a potentially curable disease. However, there are many problems on the treatment of this tumor. These results suggest that a group study using controlled clinical trial should be performed to find the best methods of management for these patients.

Crossed renal ectopia is a relatively rare congenital anomaly. A case of crossed renal ectopia with fusion (inverted L shaped kidney) associated with ectopic ureter opening to seminal vesicle on the right side, which occurred in a 38-year-old man is reported. He complained of lower abdominal pain, frequency of micturition, and dysuria. Ureterectomy with vesiculeotomy on the right side was carried out. Histological finding is a transitional epithelium inside the duct. This case is the 11th reported case in Japan and some statistical studies were carried out.

The following tables show statistics on the inpatients, diseases and operations in our department during the period from January to December of 1978.

Effectiveness of regional renal hypothermia was determined from the change in serum and urinary enzyme activities in experimental renal ischemia and in clinical ischemia of patients with renal calculi. 1) Twenty-eight dogs were used for the experimental renal ischemia. All dogs had right nephrectomy 4 weeks before the renal ischemic experiment. The dogs were allocated into four groups according to duration of ischemia and with or without hypothermic renal perfusion. Serum and urinary lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities showed consistent elevation following renal ischemia in both the dogs that had received hypothermic renal perfusion and in those that had not. Serum LDH isozyme index was elevated in dogs that had not received hypothermic renal perfusion during renal ischemia. Serum and urinary alkaline phosphatase (AI-p) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities were elevated immediately after ischemia and decreased day by day. However, serum and urinary leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activities did not change after renal ischemia in the dogs that had received hypothermic renal perfusion or in those that had not. Histologically, severe degenerative changes of the renal parenchyma were observed in dogs when ischemia was prolonged long without hypothermic renal perfusion. 2) Thirty-six patients with renal calculi had nephrotomy. In situ hypothermic renal perfusion was performed in 9 of the cases and it was not used in the other cases. Serum and urinary enzyme activities were studied in these two groups of patients following renal ischemia. Serum LDH activity was elevated after operation in all the paients who had in situ hypothermic renal perfusion and those who had not. Urinary LDH activity was elevated after ischemia in patients who had had in situ hypothermic renal perfusion. Serum and urinary LDH isozyme indexes were elevated after ischemia in patients who did not have hypothermic renal perfusion. However, these LDH isozyme indexes did not elevate after ischemia in patients who had had in situ hypothermic renal perfusion. Urinary Al-p and LAP activities were elevated immediately after operation and decreased day by day in all patients. Serum and urinary LDH isozyme indexes were helpful for the evaluation on disturbance of the renal function after ischemia. Regional hyothermic renal perfusion is useful for preservation of renal function after an operation using renal ischemia.

A case of congenital anterior urethral diverticulum of a male infant is reported. The patient was a 3-year-old boy who had complained of a sac-like swelling and urinary fistula of the anterior penis. The diagnosis was made by means of retrograde urethrocystography. Diverticulectomy and cystostomy were done. The post-operative course was uneventful. The microscopic examination showed that the diverticulum was lined with normal urethral epithelium. We made a statistical survey on 47 male children up to 15 years of age with congenital anterior urethral diverticulum reported in the Japanese literature.

DDPの膀胱内注入による局所・全身的毒性をBeagle犬および雑種成犬において検討した.1) DDPの膀胱内注入により血漿プラチナ濃度は3時間, 48時間の貯留では有意な上昇はみられなかった.注入前後の血液一般検査および血液化学検査においても, DDPの貯留内注入に起因すると考えられる変化は認められなかった.2) DDPの膀胱内注入によりイヌの膀胱組織内のプラチナ濃度は有意に上昇したが, 膀胱粘膜上皮および膀胱壁の肉眼的病理組織学的所見においては, 3時間の貯留では対照とした生理食塩水の貯留に比較して, その変化に差異は認められず, 48時間の貯留でもその対照群と比較して, やや粘膜浮腫や粘膜下出血が高度であったが, 潰瘍形成や粘膜の壊死・脱落は認められず, DDP膀胱内注入による局所の毒性はほとんどない.3) DDPの膀胱内注入による局所的および全身的毒性は低く, 膀胱腫瘍に対する直接抗腫瘍作用が確認されれば, DDPは膀胱内注入療法に有用な薬剤のひとつになりえる, Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) is one of the most effective agents in the treatments of advanced bladder cancer, but little is known of its local and systemic toxicity when it is instilled intravesically. The objectives of this experiment were to study the local and systemic toxicity of intravesical DDP in order to know whether intravesical DDP is applicable for prophylaxis and/or definitive treatment of superficial bladder cancers. Six female Beagle dogs were used for the 48-hour retention study and 2 mongrel dogs were used for the 3-hour study. Plasma and bladder platinum concentration were measured following intravesical DDP, and also histopathological examination, urinalysis, complete blood count and blood chemistry were performed in order to know the toxicity of intravesical DDP. Plasma platinum concentration was not elevated significantly and no remarkable changes were observed in blood examinations after intravesical DDP. Bladder tissue platinum concentration was significantly elevated up to 16.96 micrograms/g . wet after 3 hours DDP retention and 4.02 +/- 2.8 micrograms/g . wet after 48 hours retention in dogs. At present, intravesical instillation of DDP seems to have minimum local toxicity and no systemic toxicity, but further study is necessary for long term topical instillation of DDP.

A case of metastasis to the penis and the urethra from superficial bladder tumor of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), grade 3 is reported. A 52-year-old male patient was diagnosed to have TCC of the urinary bladder (grade 3, stage pT1a) in May, 1985 and was treated initially with transurethral resection followed by adriamycin (ADR) instillation. In February, 1986, urethroscopy showed a papillary tumor in the cavernosal urethra and a metastatic tumor was noted in the corpus spongiosum penis. Biopsy of urethral tumor revealed TCC, grade 3. Therefore partial urethrectomy with resection of penile tumor was performed. Although the patient underwent combination chemotherapy involving CAP (cisplatin + ADR + cyclophosphamide) and M-VAC (methotrexate + vincristine + ADR + cisplatin) regimens, local lesion and metastatic lesions progressed, and he died in June 1986, 20 days after emasculation. The management of superficial bladder tumor with TCC, grade 3 was reviewed and discussed here.

前立腺癌患者82例に対し, 「Zoladex療法」あるいはその対照として去勢術またはエストロゲン療法」を施行し, 臨床効果, 内分泌効果, 安全性および有用度について比較検討した.臨床効果は, 対象病巣改善度でZoladex群33例中21例に, 対照群33例中22例にPR以上の改善が, 自覚症状総合改善度ではZoladex群24例中21例, 対照群30例中24例が改善した.いずれも両群間に有意差はなかった.内分泌効果では両群とも全例に去勢効果が得られた.副作用はZoladex群39例中14例, 対照群34例中19例にみられたが, 発現率では両群に差はない.有用度については, やや有用以上でみると, Zoladex群, 対照群ともに33例中29例, 87.9%に有用と判定されている, A multicenter randomized clinical trial was carried out between May, 1986 and May, 1987 involving 82 patients with stage B-D prostatic carcinoma from 29 centers. The clinical efficacy, endocrine effect, safety and usefulness of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue and other endocrine manipulations in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. Zoladex depot containing 3.6 mg of ICI 118, 630, an LH-RH analogue, was administered every four weeks 3 times in total. Patients in the control group received either 300 mg of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate orally daily for 12 weeks or orchidectomy. An antitumor effect (CR + PR) was observed in 21 of the 33 patients (63.6%) in the Zoladex group and in 22 of the 33 (66.7%) in the control group, showing no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in overall subjective response either; 21 of the 24 (87.5%) in the Zoladex group and 24 of the 30 (80.0%) in the control group. In both groups, 100% endocrine effect was obtained as shown by achievement of castration in all patients. Adverse reactions were observed in 14 of the 39 (35.9%) patients treated with Zoladex as compared with 19 of the 34 (55.9%) control patients, resulting in no significant difference in the incidence between the two groups. These adverse reactions were not so severe as to require withdrawal from the study. In both groups, the treatment was assessed as slightly or more useful in 29 of the 33 (87.9%) patients. From these results, it is concluded that Zoladex, 3.6 mg depot, is a useful drug for treatment of prostatic cancer, having clinical efficacy and endocrine effects comparable to those of the conventional endocrine manipulations, being safe, and causing less physiological and psychological pain.

Two cases of renal arteriovenous malformation were treated by transcatheter embolization using Gelfoam. In both cases, hematuria disappeared in a couple of days after embolization, and no remarkable complication developed except mild flank pain and low grade fever for a few days. In one case, however, recanalization was demonstrated by renal arteriography 36 days after embolization. Herein, we described the classification of renal arteriovenous fistula and malformation. Therapeutic methods with preservation of renal function were mentioned. Embolic materials and complications of this procedure were also discussed. The increasing number of renal embolization shows the fact that this is one of the effective procedures without risk preserving renal function.

The following tables show statistics on the inpatients, diseases and operations in our department during the period from January to December of 1974.

前立腺癌患者33例に対し, LH-RH analogue, ICI 118630 125 μg, 250 μg, 500 μgを連日12週間皮下投与し, 用量別臨床効果, 安全性および内分泌動態への影響について検討した.臨床効果は, 対象病巣改善度で125 μg投与群44.4%, 250 μg投与群50.0%, 500 μg投与群42.9%の改善がみられたが, 3群間に有意差はなかった.自覚症状総合改善度も75.0%, 62.5%, 85.7%と改善がみられたが, 有意差はなかった.内分泌効果は効果ありと判定されたものは, 125 μg投与群58.3%, 250 μg投与群66.7%, 500 μg投与群100%であった.3群間に有意差はなく, また平均去勢時期は全例で4.1±2.0週であった.副作用は37°Cの発熱が125 μg投与群13例中1例, 7.3%, 注射部位の熱感およびflareが500 μg投与群8例中各1例, 12.5%にみられたが, いずれも軽微なものであり, 特別な処置を必要とせず治療の継続により臨床効果が得られた, Between April, 1984 and March, 1985 in 14 centers, 33 patients with prostatic cancer of our 14 centers were randomized to subcutaneously receive either 125, 250, or 500 micrograms/day of ICI 118, 630, an LH-RH analogue, for 12 weeks, and the clinical efficacy, safety and endocrinal effects of the drug by dose were examined. An objective partial response was obtained in 44.4% of the 125 micrograms-treated group, in 50.0% of the 250 micrograms-treated group, and 42.9% of the 500 micrograms-treated group, showing no significant difference between the groups. General subjective response rates in these three groups were respectively 75.0%, 62.5%, and 85.7%, not differing from each other significantly. No significant difference was observed in endocrinal effect which was seen in 58.3%, 66.7%, and 100% of 125 micrograms, 250 micrograms, and 500 micrograms groups, respectively. Medical castration was attained in 4.1 +/- 2.0 weeks on average. Adverse reactions observed included fever up to 37 degrees C in 1 of the 13 (7.3%) patients treated with 125 micrograms, and hot feeling at the injection site and flare in 1 of the 8 (12.5%) patients treated with 500 micrograms, which were all mild. These patients responded to further ICI 118, 630 therapy without requiring any treatment for the adverse reactions.

A case of prepenile scrotum associated with hypospadias and syndactyly is reported. The patient was a full-termed first baby of the 25-year-old mother who had no history of congenital malformation. The clinical laboratory study including chromosomal check and I.V.P. revealed no abnormalities. Two-step operative repair was performed scrotoplasty at 2 years old and urethroplasty at 4 years old. As far as we have reviewed, 18 reports of this malformation have been published in Japan.

A case of primary transitional cell carcinoma of the male urethra is reported. A 24-year-old man, who complained of tumor of the urethral orifice with hypospadias, was admitted to our Hospital on November 30, 1983. Urethrocystoscopy and biopsy revealed grade 1 papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the anterior urethra. Partial resection of anterior urethra including tumor was performed on December 20, 1983. Histopathological diagnosis revealed grade 2 transitional cell carcinoma without submucosal invasion. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with Tegafur and Krestin as adjuvant immuno-chemotherapy. The patient has shown no evidence of disease for 3 years after surgery. There have been reported 23 cases of primary transitional cell carcinoma of the male urethra in Japan.