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The tremendous growth of the industrial sector and urban population in developing countries has caused serious environmental problems including the deterioration of public water quality in urban areas. Privatization of the municipal water supply has been thought to be part of a broader public policy response to public enterprise service, mounting domestic and external debt levels, and unsustainable public sector deficits. A drop-off survey was conducted in urban China in order to estimate the needs of residents for improving the tap water quality. In this paper, we present the results of the costs for avoiding health risks by averting expenditures method. Then, choice experiment is applied for estimating the residents’willingness to pay. Finally, by using the cost-benefit analysis, the privatization of tap water in urban China is discussed. In conclusion, we propose the measures to meet residents’needs and that water privatization should not be enforced by the government but open to the involvement of the general public., 長崎大学総合環境研究, 12(2), pp.57-68; 2010

本研究では、世帯内での自動車の割り当てと車種選択は密接に関係していること、また、年間走行距離は車種や主な運転者の属性に大きな影響を受けるとの認識のもと、車種・メインドライバー選択モデルと年間走行距離モデルを構築した。事例分析の結果、2台保有世帯においては自動車取り替え更新時に自動車の再配分が行われている事、特定の車種分類に対する嗜好性が存在し、同じ分類に属する自動車を購入する傾向にある事、および、各自動車の利用が相互に負の影響を及ぼす事が示された。一方、1台保有世帯では年間走行距離に車種が影響を及ぼしているものの、2台保有世帯ではそのような傾向が確認されず、主に通勤や自由活動での利用等のメインドライバーによる需要のみが年間走行距離を規定する事が示された。, Simultaneous vehicle type and main driver choice models and models of vehicle miles traveled are developed for one and two vehicle households separately. The types of vehicles are categorized as eight alternatives, and unobserved correlations among them are examined by adopting mixed multinomial logit models. the empirical results suggest that the vehicles are possibly reallocated in two-vehicle households at the transactions, that there exist inclinations toward specific types of vehicles among two-vehicle households, and that they have the tendency to obtain the same type of vehicles. The results also suggest that the vehicle miles traveled by respective vehicles in two-vehicle households are negatively interacted and that the vehicle types do not affect the vehicle miles traveled in two-vehicle households while they do so in one-vehicle households.