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Recent changes in the long-term employment policy of the Japanese firms can be characterized with a stylized fact. That is the share of long-term employment at hiring stage trends downward, while their tenure trends upward. This paper explains these changes using a simple internal dual labor markets model. The model shows that profit-maximizing firms use the promotion rate of long-term workers and their share at hiring stage as two major instruments to keep optimal hierarchical structure. Using the pooling cross-section and time series data on employment and job ranks, we find a negative relationship between these variables. We also find the recent reduction in share of long-term workers is due to the long-term deceleration, not to the short-term fluctuation of an economy. These two findings support the prediction of the model developed in this paper.

This paper develops a model of dual labor markets under efficiency wages. The most important difference between previous studies and this paper is that we take into account two types of unemployment, "waiting unemployment" and "involuntary unemployment". The main result is that the intra-sectoral relationship between product price and unemployment is positive, whereas the cross-sectoral relationship is negative. The model also shows that the level of wage differentials is to narrow in business booms and to widen in major depressions.

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韓国で社会福祉士の資格証を持ちながら現場で活動している者は、約10,000人と推定されている。社会福祉士は地域社会福祉館、老人福祉館などで活動しており、公務員の身分である社会福祉専門要員として、そして地域社会精神保健のために仕事をする精神保健社会福祉士や医療施設で働く医療社会事業家 (MSW)の資格を持って各領域で活動している。その他にも社会福祉施設で働く社会福祉士も相当数いる。社会福祉士の資格には1級、2級、3級があるが、2003年から1級社会福祉士は国家試験を受けてその資格を獲得しなければならない。1級社会福祉士資格所持者がさらに専門分野で仕事をしようという場合は、その専門分野で要求される教育と訓練を受けて専門分野の資格を取得しなければならない。現在、韓国の社会福祉士に対する明確な実態調査は不備な状態にある。また、彼らが職業の専門性を十分に発揮できないでいる点もある。これらは、今後解決しなければならない課題である。

pdf, The tale of the Three Countries of Korea is recorded in thirty-one episodes of the Konjaku Monogatari. One feature of Konjaku Monogatari is the concept of the "three nations" India, China, and Japan. This idea views Buddhism as created in India, propagated in China, and ultimately flourishing in Japan. The sankan (Three Countries of Korea) is absent from this concept of sangoku (Three Nations). This has been interpreted as signifying that the compilers of Konjaku Monogatari did not recognize the concept of sankan. However, a description of the sankan taken from Nihon shoki is recorded in the first story of Part Eleven of Konjaku, and it is my view that its appearance here is of considerable importance. The compilers of the Konjaku did indeed remove the idea of sankan from their concept of the three nations. However, I believe it can be argued that rather than discarding the sankan altogether, their intention was rather to incorporate it.

制度:新 ; 文部省報告番号:甲2270号 ; 学位の種類:博士(工学) ; 授与年月日:2006/7/20 ; 早大学位記番号:新4300

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