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In this study, the effect of adding CMC (Carboxyl methyl Cellulose Sodium) on freeness and WRV (water retention value) of pulps and properties of handsheets was evaluated. In any case, the freeness and WRV of pulps and tensile strength of the handsheets increased with the additive amount of CMC before beating. The increase in tensile strength of the handsheets was dependent on the increase in interfiber bonding strength based on the Page equation. Experimental results showed that the addition of CMC before to reed pulp beating resulted in improvement of paper strength due to enhanced fiber swelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of polymer flocculants (anionic polyacrylamide and cationic polyacrylamide) on sludge dewatering and floe strength was evaluated. The dual polymer system was preferred in terms of sludge dewatering and floe strength. The optimum dosage of the dual polymer system was 100-150ppm. Also, the combined use of two polymers was superior to the single polymer system in terms of COD removal. Compared with the single polymer system, the use of the dual polymer system resulted m farther increase in COD removal by 15-20%. In the case of single polymer system, cationic polyacrylamide was better than anionic polyacrylamide. Charge density approached positive with the increased addition of the cationic polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]