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application/pdf, This article discusses an appropriate range of computer program copyright protection from the perspective of interoperabiliity. In 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court held that Google’s copying of Java API (application programming interface) for reimplementation was fair use. Part 1 of this article clarifies how the software interface that realizes interoperability has been judged in American case law, what API is, and the procedural history of this case. Part 2 details the Supreme Court's decision on fair use. Part 3 analyzes the decision and clarifies the importance of interoperability. The author concludes that allowing the use of APIs that achieve interoperability is also necessary in Japan, and he proposes specific methods for doing this.

わが国の教育コンテンツのネット公表は，オープンコースウェア（OCW）やiTunes Uの仕組みの中で行われている。その仕組みは，クリエイティブ・コモンズ・ライセンスやフェアユースなど著作権（copyright）の保護と制限の考え方，すなわち，米国の社会制度の面からの理解・解釈による。米国と日本の社会制度の違いから，教育コンテンツのネット公表を進める上では，わが国の社会制度の視点からの法的・倫理的な権利処理が明らかにされなければならない。本稿は，放送大学教材の公表にあたって実際に行われている法的・倫理的な対応を踏まえて，わが国における教育コンテンツのネット公表に伴って必要となる著作権と関連権からの権利処理について論説する。, The publishing of educational contents on the Internet in Japan is generally related to the way OpenCourseWare (OCW) and the iTunes U function. Their setups depend on attitudes towards the protection and limitation of copyright such as creative commons license and fair use. That is to say, these attitudes derive from an understanding and interpretation based on the social systems of the United States. Therefore, when furthering the open publication on the Internet of educational contents, the differing social systems of the United States and Japan make it necessary to clarify legal and ethical rights clearance from the point of view of Japanese social systems. This paper will build on the legal and ethical measures taken with regard to the Open University of Japan's published materials in order to discuss the copyright and related rights clearance necessary for the open Internet publication of educational contents in Japan.

米国では地上波テレビ放送をデジタル化するにあたり、連邦通信委員会が行政手続法に従い、その政策を一般に向けて告知しパブリックコメントを募集した。その政策には、放送番組の複製を技術的に防止する「放送フラグ」の導入が含まれていた。しかしそれは、米著作権法で規定される「フェアユース」さえも妨げることから、全米図書館協会らが司法審査を申し立てた。2005年、連邦控訴審は「放送フラグ」を導入しようとしたFCCの裁量を否定したのだった。, The U.S. APA requires regulatory agencies to open their rule-making process to the public. In 2002, the FCC issued an NPRM that contained a policy to implement a “broadcast flag” on the digital television signal. With this “broadcast flag,” television stations can prevent audiences from making copies of the program. Through public comments and hearings, the policy was opposed by several groups such as the American Library Association because the broadcast flag might prevent the fair use of television programs. But the FCC made the broadcast flag into official policy. The groups petitioned for a judicial review. The appeals court struck down the policy on the ground that the FCC exceeded its discretion., 釜田泰介教授古稀記念論集, Dedicated to professor Taisuke Kamata on his 70th birthday, Article