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text, 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper

China has been struggling with waste classification for decades, even after the mandatory implementation of relevant policy in 2017. However, the causes of the failing performance of waste classification in developing countries attract little scholarly attention. A recent literature review also identified a failure to classify waste in developing countries, noting that its causes have attracted little scholarly interest. In this paper, we would like to examine the current situation and issues of policies for classifying household waste in China's urban sector. In this paper, we conducted a questionnaire survey of residents in Changsha City, Hunan Province, examined their awareness of waste classification, classifying behavior, and their awareness of paying for waste reduction, elucidated the factors that affect them, and estimated the amount of willing to pay (WTP) for waste reduction. In this paper, endogenous factors are more significant influencing behaviors than exogenous factors.

Taiwan has not yet been singed the “Convention on Nuclear Safety; CNS” that was adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA） in 1994. However, if these international activities help promote nuclear safety, Taiwan must participate in it and fulfill its related obligations. Therefore, despite Taiwan being a non-member state to the CNS, it is required by the Convention to act as a member state to meet all the requirements addressed in the CNS. Ensuring the public trust of nuclear safety regulations in the most important policy issue for the location, operation, waste disposal and off-commissioning of nuclear power plants, etc. As part of an international comparison of nuclear safety regulatory bodies in the East Asian region, this note organizes and evaluates the independence and transparency of Taiwan’s regulatory bodies.

2022, 【要旨】

To date, the process of implementing the global Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs） and global climate change mitigation and adaptation obligations has been largely decoupling in most countries. This creates administrative duplication, costs, and hinders the development of effective problem solving. Against this background, we show the present state of research on policy integration and integrated policymaking. Following the research results of Bauer et al. （2021） and Teebken et al. （2021）, this note briefly summarizes different understandings of policy integration and detailed criteria for evaluating policy integration from different academic perspectives. Implementing an interactive agenda requires political attention and institutional competence to address the interactions and complexity of each, understand policies at a national level, and translation. In this note, we will introduce the basic concept of what integration practice looks like, and focusing on the interaction between the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement.

In 2020, global phenomena such as unprecedented scale forest fires, storms, melting glaciers, and dramatic declines in northern polar glaciers are very likely to be caused by climate change. By the middle of this century, it is becoming clear that it is not enough for Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions to be cut by 80％ compared to 1990 levels. In December 2015, to meet the climate targets agreed in the Paris agreement, stricter cuts from Germany are required, limiting global temperature rises to an average of 2 ℃（better 1.5 ℃） compared to pre-industrial levels. With regard to the transition of Germany’s energy systems, this paper begins with a comprehensive model of the Germany power and thermal sector in future energy systems with a major contribution to renewable energy technologies. Based on REMod-D （Renewable Energy Model - Germany）, the basic structure is summarized briefly. Then, we introduce some of the simulation results by REMod-D models by Philip et al. （2020）. The aim is to assess the energy transition and the possibility of climate-neutral systems in Germany.

This paper examines : (1) the medical governance of infectious diseases in Taiwan based on the experience of infectious diseases and the background of medical governance reform, (2) the role of big data and digital technology in infectious disease control, (3) medical strategy and non-pharmaceutical intervention, and (4) socio-political viewpoints regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. It will be possible to confirm that Taiwan's non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies, including mask wearing, AHH practices, quarantine / quarantine, travel restrictions and the implementation of social distancing, are increasing the effectiveness of preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the combination of extensive risk communication highlighting the importance of early border control, government leadership and preventive action has prevented Taiwan from locking down. These comprehensive preventive measures against COVID-19 in 2020 are more efficient and effective than those implemented during SARS in 2003, as well as immunoassay responses. In addition, democracy provided institutional support for vibrant civil society and synergies between state and civil society, strengthened the legitimacy of Taiwan's crisis governance, and enhanced voluntary compliance among citizens.

Germany's energy transition （Energiewende） is a paradigm shift into a low-carbon and nuclear-free economy. As part of the European Union's climate neutralization drive, aiming to reduce greenhouse gases to net-zero by the middle of the century. Generous financial support for wind and solar power has boosted renewable energy to produce more electricity than fossil fuels for the first time in 2020. Germany's energy transition is not a policy shift after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, but a long-term process of policy making in response to public opinion and technological trends. Germany's energy transition is still underway and needs to be extended beyond the power supply. However, it may already be pushing more thoroughly through pricing and volume regulations, such as the European Emissions Trading Scheme （EU-ETS） and changes to the carbon tax, which provides incentives for changes to low-carbon technologies. This paper analyses Germany's energy transition and climate policy. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the actual conditions and issues of the reduction effects of greenhouse gas emissions, which are the main policy issues of the energy conversion policy that has been developed mainly on renewable energy for these 20 years.

Taiwan is not a party to the Paris Agreement, but the impact of climate change on Taiwan is enough to be one. The Government of Taiwan has set a target of adjusting the power mix to 50% natural gas-fired, 30% coal-fired and 20% renewable energy by 2025, increasing the proportion of relatively low carbon emissions and renewable energy, and aiming to reduce GHG emissions as a climate change policy. One of the key aspects of Taiwan’s energy policy is to phase-out nuclear power generation by 2025, and to increase the share of renewable energy in the power supply configuration and reduce the use of coal-fired power. The phase-out of nuclear power plants was initially faster than the expansion of renewable energy, reducing CO2 emissions from electricity production as needed to a small amount. Nevertheless, since 2016, Taiwan has been evaluating the “energy transition” derived from Germany and is trying to decentralize its power supply using conventional large-scale, inflexible power generation systems. With regard to coal-fired power plants, Taiwan will accelerate the improvement of air pollution facilities at existing coal-fired power plants and implement utilization management measures in order to match air quality. Gas-fired and green energy power supplies will be the mainstays of power supply, which is the power stabilization target, in order to maintain 15% of the supply reserve rate. The government needs to plan supply-side measures and implement various tasks to save energy and reduce carbon emission in order to reduce electricity demand. To build clean energy systems and healthy living conditions, to promote the development of new green energy industries, to promote green employment, realize the spirit of energy empowerment, promote energy democracy and justice. Going forward, the focus will be on overall system integration, where all power supplies can ensure a sufficient level of revenue. In this study, we will consider Taiwan’s climate change and energy policy since the Paris Agreement, and summarize the current situation and issues.

As climate change and various environmental pollution issues are becoming more serious, many countries are actively promoting energy transition. The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, is aimed at curbing the rise in global average temperatures to within 2℃ above pre-industrial levels and limiting temperature rises to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. Taiwan is accelerating its path of energy transition to a "nuclear-free homeland" and “low-carbon economy” by phasing out all nuclear power generation in 2025 and imposing a legally binding goal of reducing coal-fired power generation from 47 percent to 26 percent. This paper investigates the impact of nuclear and coal power regulations on fuel mix CO2 emissions in the power sector by 2050 in Taiwan. Analysis is a future technology shift in the power sector called “Future Technology Transformations; FTT” for the power sector; Consider using the E3ME model linked to FTT: Power sub-model.

資料, 鄭, 燦玉／訳

text, 一般雑誌記事 / Article

本稿は一九〇一年に日本で設立された愛国婦人会の韓国進出過程やその性格を、日本による韓国の保護国化の過程と在韓居留民の動向に注目して解明するものである。愛国婦人会は日露戦争への軍事援護を目的に韓国に進出する際、その必要を痛感していた在韓居留民の協力を得て海外委員部を置いた。終戦後、韓国の保護国化に合わせて同会の韓国支部が設置されると、会員の中心は、在韓居留民から、統監府や理事庁の職員など統治権力側の夫人に代わった。さらに、韓国人閣僚の夫人も入会できるようになったため、韓国支部は統監府の韓国統治に貢献するため、日韓婦人の「交際」を奨励する。その後、義兵闘争が勃発すると、韓国支部はそれを鎮圧する日本軍への援護を再開するが、義兵が日本人と韓国人閣僚の双方を攻撃対象としたため、日韓の会員は義兵に対する危機意識を共有しながら軍事援護に従事することで、相互の「交際」を深めていった。, This article addresses and further elucidates the character and process of the advance into Korea of the Patriotic Women's Association, which had been established in 1901 in Japan, as well as the process of the tightening of the grip of Japanese rule on the Great Korean Empire and the activities of Japanese settlers in Korea. With the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, Korea became a battleground and the Patriotic Women's Association entered Korea in order to aid the Japanese armed forces. Following the opening of Korean ports, many Japanese had emigrated to take advantage of economic activities and had formed settlers' community. The settlers residing in Korea believed that the security of their unstable lives in a foreign land would be protected by the Japanese military. Because of this, when the Patriotic Women' s Association entered Korea, it received the cooperation of Japanese settlers in Korea who strongly felt the need of the protection of the armed forces, and overseas office were established throughout Korea. As a result of the Japanese victory in the Russo-Japanese War, the Great Korean Empire became a protectorate under the control of Japan. The Patriotic Women's Association was reorganized in accordance with the Great Korean Empire becoming a protectorate, and the overseas offices that had previously been established in Korea were elevated to status of the Korea Branch. Simultaneous with the establishment of the Korea Branch, many wives of the staff of the Japanese Residency-General and Administrative Bureau that had newly been established as organs of the ruling authority joined the Korea Branch, becoming the core of the organization as it shifted from wives of settlers to those of the ruling authorities. Moreover, as the Women' s Patriotic Association allowed Korean women to join the organization, the wives of Korean government ministers also began to join the Korea Branch. Even prior to the Great Korean Empire becoming a protectorate, Japan had in order to expand its political influence promoted a plan to foster Korean cabinet ministers who were friendly toward Japan and would cooperate with Japanese rule. This plan was not limited to Korean cabinet ministers but was also aimed at their wives. Prior to the Great Korean Empire becoming a protectorate, the wives of officials stationed in the diplomatic establishments in Korea played a central role in developing relationships with the wives of the Korean ministers. As a result of this deepening relationship between Japanese and Korean women, Japanese and Korean women had made plans to establish a women's association in which both could participate. On that occasion, the Patriotic Women's Association become involved in planning the establishment of the association. In other words, it be said these relationships between Japanese and Korean women were behind the establishment of the Korea branch. Because of this the Japanese Residency-General encouraged efforts to build exchanges between Japanese and Korean women in the Korea Branch, and the Patriotic Women's Association began to promote exchanges between Japanese and Korean women as a means of contributing to the rule of Korean by the Residency- General. In order to expand exchange activities between Japanese and Korean women that had previously occurred chiefly in Seoul, the Korea Branch hosted activities throughout Korea. As a result, many Japanese and Korean women were to join the Korea Branch. However, what influenced the increase in the membership of the Korea Branch was not only the activities of exchange between Japanese and Korean women, but also the continued necessity of aid for military. When Japanese rule over the protectorate began, the Righteous Army of Resistance erupted in opposition, and the Japanese military and police became engaged in suppressing it. Because of this, the Korea Branch reinstituted its assistance to the Japanese military and police. The Korean Army of Resistance attacked Japanese indiscriminately, and because the Japanese settlers felt that their lives and property were threatened, they continued their cooperation with the Korea Branch as before. Furthermore, because the Korean Righteous Army attacked not only Japanese, but also Korean cabinet ministers who collaborated with the Japanese, the wives of Korean government ministers also participated in aiding the military. Therefore, both the Japanese and Korean members of the Korea Branch shared a sense of danger and engaged in aiding the military and their mutual exchanges deepened. In this way, by struggling to aid the military and conduct mutual exchange activities, the Patriotic Women's Association became deeply rooted in Korean society.

text, 一般雑誌記事 / Article

text, 一般雑誌記事 / Article