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学位の種別: 課程博士, 審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 松下 淳一, 東京大学教授 山川 隆一, 東京大学教授 荒木 尚志, 東京大学教授 寺谷 広司, 東京大学教授 畑 瑞穂

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In Japan, it has been just announced that “a period for moral education” since 1958 will be changed into a “special subject” in 2018. On the other hand, in Korea, moral education as an independent subject was established in 1973 and has been reformed continuously. The aim of this paper is to make a survey of moral education in both countries and clarify similarities and differences between them.

記録(Proceeding), 「植民地主義のなかの帝国」同志社大学人文科学研究所国際学術シンポジウム「磁場としての東アジア」第2回記録, Empires at the heart of colonialism, Proceedings of International Symposium "East Asia as a Magnetic Field" (2), 翻訳:西村直登

The verb suffix in Korean and in Japanese play the same role of Chinese verbal nouns(VN). In this paper, we mainly investigated the correspondence of the two-syllables VN-hada and VN-suru. We used the terms ‘positive transfer’ and ‘negative transfer’ for this investigation. We found that there are two types of positive transfer and seven types of negative transfer between the two-syllables VN-hada and VN-suru. As regards positive transfer, it enables learners to improve their skills. On the other hand, negative transfer tends to cause mother tongue interference., Article

チップ間近距離無線通信のための高周波変復調回路を提案する．小型化・低電力化や高ノイズ/干渉信号耐性を実現するためにASK/CDMA方式を用いた．送信回路は搬送波信号発生回路，スイッチ，バッファ，拡散符号生成回路で，受信回路は検波回路，積分回路，拡散符号生成回路で構成した．0.25 μm CMOSプロセスで試作した送受信回路の消費電流は電源電圧2.5 Vにおいてそれぞれ25 mAと1.35 mAであり，チップの実装面積は0.72 mm2と0.06 mm2である．評価より拡散符号長31, 搬送波周波数12.78 GHz, ビットレート7.35 Mbit/sの条件でダイレクト接続による送受信回路の変復調動作を確認した．

平成9年に通称、地球温暖化防止京都会議が開催され、世界各国において二酸化炭素削減数値目標が勘案された。目標実施は2008年から2012年の4年間で、行政への報告は2006年度となっている。我国に於いては6％の削減数値が目標で、このうち、森林においては3.9％の吸収が見込まれている。温室効果ガスの吸収・排出量については、これまで気候変動枠組み条約事務局へ報告していた二酸化炭素に加え、メタン及び亜酸化窒素を含む6種類の温暖化ガスについて報告することが義務づけられた。現在，和歌山研究林（以下、和歌山林とする）では独立行政法人森林総合研究所（以下、森林総研）の要請により，温暖化防止プロジェクト研究を行っている。本報告では，プロジェクト概要と経過について報告する。

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Article

During the Ming dynasty there existed two contradictory systems to evaluate bureaucrats. These systems were known as Kao-Man and Kao-Cha. A key component of the Kao-Man system was the principle of 3-Kao-9-Nien 三考九年, which guaranteed at least a 3-year term to all bureaucrats in order to allow them to perform their official duties in more stable environment. This system also promoted continuity and efficiency in the implementation of their policy by making it possible to clearly establish the assignment of responsibilities. This system was widely acknowledged as the precondition for good government 善政 to be pursued by local officials. The Kao-Cha system, under which censors were dispatched to local districts to carry out inspections and impeachments, has been criticized for the lack of impartiality and systematic ethics inherent in the system from its inception. Because the system itself was intended to forcibly remove incompetent officials, it necessarily contained innate factors that provoked resistance among the existing corps of of officials. In this respect, it can be asserted that the prevalent tendency to view the Kao-Man system as the ideal evaluation system evolved as a reaction to the systematic implementation of the Kao-Cha system as a practical evaluation policy. In fact, however, there evolved problems in relation to personnel management which could not be solved by the Kao-Man system. A reserve pool of candidates for the bureaucracy was increasing in number on a national scale, while the number of available posts within the bureaucracy was limited. Under the Ming, appointment to bureaucratic office was opened to all via the education system 學校制 and the national examinations to select officials 科舉制. The incorporation of this vast pool of candidates into the bureaucratic system was an essential requirement in order to maintain dynastic stability. The Kao-Cha system had advanced a solution to this problem by accelerating the internal metabolism of the bureaucracy via the expulsion of bureaucrats and implementation of personnel shifts among officials in office. The Kao-Man system, on the other hand, contained intrinsic mechanisms which served to reduce the turnover of bureaucrats--an effect far removed from its original purpose. In the end, in the attempt to manage the bureaucracy using the Kao-Cha system, the Ming dynasty was forced to abandon the principle of 3-Kao-9-Nien, and this in turn resulted in the consolidation of the Kao-Cha system. This was an inevitable occurrence caused by the adoption of an open bureaucratic structure which could be organically integrated with the whole society.

明末、国家の公式的な人事行政である考察の過程には郷紳・士民・窩訪などの社会の様々な勢力の介入があった。知県レベルの地方官の人事異動は諸地方社会の主な関心の対象になり、自らの主張を貫徹しようとする多様な動きがあった。人事異動に際して地方から送られる贈序文がとりわけ明末に非常に流行したのは、そのような状況を背景としている。本稿で挙げた地方の輿論を標榜する贈序文とは、地方社会での輿論の行方および形成過程を窺わせる重要な証拠である。序文の中には、地方官に対する地方なりの褒貶、あるいは地方の横暴な勢力によって不利な立場に置かれた地方官の味方になろうとする動きが現れている。地方官は公的な勤務評定だけではなく、地方輿論の存在を意識せざるを得なかったのである。嘉善県知県李陳玉の例に見られるように、地方官は地方社会の輿論に向かって、自分の業績を認めるようにアピールするまでに至った。その手段もあくまでも『考満事蹟冊』という大衆向きの宣伝文書の配布であった。輿論は国家と社会両方から暗黙的にその正当性を認められる中、明末の段階ではもはや目に見える実体として現れる。, Although it has long been recognized that bandits (wofang 窩訪) influenced the evaluation of local officials (kaocha 考察), the fact that members of the gentry, students, and commoners were also able to influence the evaluation process has basically been ignored. Indeed, members of local society discussed the merits of magistrates, and their conclusions were widely disseminated in the form of public opinion. Because the appointment of a magistrate was a matter of great concern, locals relied upon a variety of means to convey their desires to the Ming Government, one of the most typical being a "parting essay" (zengxuwen 贈序文) given to the departing official. These "parting essays", written in the name of public opinion, are important sources in analyzing the formulation of public opinion itself. Some critiqued the magistrate's performance while others reflected the viewpoints of magistrates who had been placed in disadvantage by influential locals. Thus, these essays clearly represent the degree to which a certain magistrate had the support of "public opinion". Because these documents were of critical importance in evaluating an official, some magistrates went to great lengths to secure a favorable essay. Li Chenyu, the magistrate of Kaxian province in the 1659's, went so far as to deliver an "evaluation report" (kaomanshijice) in order to secure the support of locals. One could argue that this collusion between locals and magistrares, tacitly permitted by the government, symbolizes the decline of the Ming dynasty., 個人情報保護のため削除部分あり

バイアスフィード抵抗とp^+/nウェル接合ダイオードを用いたプレディストータを0.35-μmCMOSプロセスで試作及び評価した．また，外部増幅器を用いて3次相互変調ひずみ特性を評価し，提案したCMOSプレディストータのCMOS電力増幅器への線形化器としての可能性を検討した．

2022