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被解剖者は高度肥満で猪首の20代女性である．ダウン症による精神発達遅滞，難聴，先天性白内障および緑内障による弱視などの障害を有していた．他院において緑内障の眼圧検査に際し，チオペンタール（TP）350 mgを5分間で点滴静注した深鎮静が施された．静注後10分で検査は終了したが，医師がその場を離れた隙に呼吸が急速に悪化した．直ちに人工呼吸が施されたものの約20時間後に死亡し，医療過誤の疑いで司法解剖に付された．剖検上，特記すべき損傷や疾病を認めず，血清中のTP濃度は0.80 μg/mlであった．TPは超短時間作用型の静脈注射麻酔剤で，患者とコンタクトを取りつつ，少量を頻回に投与して最少量のTP投与にとどめるのが一般的である．この事例は，障害のためにコンタクトの取りづらさが予想されたものの，安易なTPの単回投与によって呼吸停止が生じ，医師不在のために蘇生が遅れたことが死因と判断された．, The victim was a morbidly obese and bull-necked woman in her twenties. She had the disorders, due to Downʼs syndrome, including severe mental retardation, advanced hearing loss, congenital cataract surgery, and amblyopia at postoperative glaucoma. She was deeply sedated for rest with an intravenous drip infusion of 350 mg of thiopental (TP) for 5 minutes during an intraocular pressure examination with secondary glaucoma at a hospital.The examination was finished within 10 minutes after the TP injection, but her respiratory condition deteriorated rapidly when the doctor left the patient. Although immediate artificial respiration was carried out, she was declared dead about 20 hours after the examination. Medical malpractice was suspected for her death. At autopsy, no fatal disease or injury was observed in the victim. The serum TP level was 0.80 μg /ml. TP is an ultra-short-acting intravenous anesthetic, and usually only the smallest amount should be administered by frequent additions after preanesthesia administration while maintaining contact with patients. Although contact with patients with a disability can be difficult, it was diagnosed that the death was caused by both respiratory arrest due to a single dose of TP and delay in resuscitation due to the absence of a doctor.

微小基板上に作製した微細な流路内で電気泳動分離を行うマイクロチップ電気泳動（MCE）は，高速分析・微量分析などの特徴を有しており，ハイスループット分析への適用が期待されている．MCEにおける問題点として，検出感度が十分ではないことが指摘されており，様々な高感度検出手法の導入が検討されている．MCEの研究初期においては，蛍光に基づいた検出法を適用した例がほとんどであったが，微細加工技術の進展に伴い微小電極をチップ上に作製することが可能となり，高感度な電気化学検出や試料の適用範囲の広い電気伝導度検出等のMCEへの適用が進んでいる．また，MCEチップと質量分析計との結合を可能にするインターフェースの開発も進展しており，タンパク質のアミノ酸配列や相互作用の解析，糖鎖構造の解析などへの応用が期待されている．本稿では，MCEへの適用が検討されている検出法の原理及び特徴的な技術について，最近の成果を中心に紹介する．

By TSKgel BioAssist Co^-Chelate Chromatography using a linear gradient of imidazole, His-tag-NusG protein was purified as a monomer, dimer, trimer and tetramer eluting on 85, 130, 170 and 200 mM imidazole, respectively. These oligomers were estimated to be under a chemical equilibrium to each other. These results were not obtained by a step-wise elution with a high concentration of imidazole. On the other hand, the linear gradient elution mode was demonstrated to be useful for separation of the monomer and oligomers.

stringent reception mechanism of tannins, which has not been fully elucidated, was studied using a lipid-coated quartz-crystal microbalance. We found that the adsorption of astringent tannins on the lipid membrane significantly increased in the presence of peptides, while NaCl, tartaric acid, quinine-sulfite, sucrose, and glutamic acid had no effect. The adsorption of tannin-peptide complexes showed a linear relationship with tannin concentration and had an optimum concentration of peptides. The adsorption of red wines on the lipid membrane in the presence of bovine serum albumin agreed with astringent intensity in sensory evaluation. It seems that adsorption of tannin-peptide complexes on the oral lipid membrane could be important to the astringent sensation.

The adsorption of beer constituents on a lipid membrane, measured using a lipid-coated quartz crystal microbalance, showed a significant correlation with its bitter intensity and bitter duration in a sensory evaluation. The isohumulones and tetrahydroisohumulones increased the adsorption of beer on the lipid membrane. It appears that sensory bitterness can be objectively evaluated by measuring the adsorption characteristics of beer on the lipid membrane.

A stable enzyme film was prepared on a platinum electrode by casting organic solutions of a lipid-coated enzyme. The glucose oxidase (GOD)-immobilized electrode acted as a glucose sensor with a high sensitivity and a short response time. When the lipid-coated GOD was combined with a lipid-coated glycosidase on the electrode, the film showed a high selectivity for various disaccharides. For example, combining β -galactosidase with GOD, the electrode responded only to lactose (Gal β 1→4Glc), having β -galactoside at the non-reducing side of the disaccharide, but not to maltose (Glc α 1→4Glc) and cellobiose (Glc β 1→4Glc) in the aqueous solution. Similarly, an enzyme electrode sensitive only for maltose (Glc α 1→4Glc), cellobiose (Glc β 1→4Glc), and sucrose (Glc α 1→2Fru) could be prepared by using a mixed cast film of two lipid-coated enzymes, GOD and α -glucosidase, GOD and β -glucosidase, and GOD and invertase, respectively. This technique will become a new process not only for preparing sensor membranes but also for assembling water-soluble proteins on biological electrical components.

We newly prepared DNA–lipoglutamate polyion complexes by mixing aqueous solutions of DNA and cationic lipoglutamates such as α,γ-dibutyl glutamate (2C4N+), α,γ-dihexyl glutamate (2C6N+), and α,γ-dioctyl glutamate (2C8N+). Formation of the DNA–lipoglutamate complex was confirmed by gel chromatography, elemental analysis, CD spectra, and light scattering measurement. Compaction of DNA by binding with the cationic lipoglutamate was revealed by multi-angle light scattering. The DNA–lipoglutamate complexes showed the high stability for enzymatic hydrolysis by DNase I, which was confirmed by a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) technique. The DNA–lipoglutamate complexes showed the strong interactions with the lipid membranes and tumor cells compared with native DNA.

Hydration of phospholipid head groups is essential for stabilizing bilayer structures in an aqueous environment. Here we describe a new, easy, and rapid method that can directly and quantitatively determine phospholipid hydration in both water vapor and liquid water ; i.e., a quartz crystal microbalance is employed which enables hydration to be determined in only 1 h using just 1 μg of phospholipids under various environmental conditions. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) was examined with varying temperature, KCl concentration, and phase of water, where it was found that DPPE hydration in liquid water markedly increases upon raising the temperature, even when the phospholipid is in a gel phase, being maxima1 around its phase transition temperature (63.5 °C). Furthermore, KCl addition increased DPPE hydration in a temperature-dependent manner. The method presented is demonstrated to be capable of determining phospholipid hydration under physiological conditions ; hence, it is suitable for investigating hydration phenomena involved in biological processes.

A method was proposed for measuring the parameters of the adsorption isotherm and mass-transfer coefficients using an analytical column in order to simulate chromatograms of preparative liquid chromatography (prep LC). Close agreement between measured and simulated chromatograms was obtained for prep LC purification of erythromycin. The results showed that this method can be fully applied for scale-up from analytical LC to prep LC.

宇宙利用シンポジウム 宇宙科学研究所 20030120-20030121 神奈川 日本, Space Utilization Symposium Institute of Space and Astronautical Science 20030120-20030121 Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: AA0045438000