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日本周辺海域より得られたミドリシャミセンガイLingula anatina Lamarck, 1801，および，ウスバシャミセンガイLingula reevii Davidson, 1880の外部形態，殻構造，分子生物学的な比較検討を行った。試料は奄美大島より得られたミドリシャミセンガイ，および，有明海より得られたウスバシャミセンガイを用いた。これら2種類は，殻の形態および，生時の肉茎の色彩により外部形態で明瞭に区分される。 ミドリシャミセンガイの殻には，ウスバシャミセンガイの殻に比べ，硫黄（S），フッ素（F），鉄（Fe）が多く含まれている。一方，ウスバシャミセンガイの殻には，リン（P），カルシウム（Ca），マンガン（Mn），マグネシウム（Mg）が，ミドリシャミセンガイの殻よりも多く含まれていた。また，両種の殻に見られるリン酸カルシウム層の間の有機質部分に，特徴的に臭素（Br）とヨウ素（I）が検出され，それぞれ臭素（Br）はウスバシャミセンガイに多く，ヨウ素（I）はミドリシャミセンガイに多く検出された。 また，ミドリシャミセンガイ（奄美大島産）とウスバシャミセンガイ（有明海産）の18S rRNA遺伝子の塩基配列を比較した両種は異なるクレードに属することがわかり，両種は分子系統的にも離れた分類群として扱われるべきであることが示唆された。, Two brachiopod Lingula species, L. anatina Lamarck 1801 and L. reevii Davidson, 1880, collected from Japanese waters were compared morphologically and phylogenetically in terms of shell morphology, shell elemental compositions, and 18S rRNA gene sequences. Specimens of L. anatine and L. reevii were collected from Amami-Ohshima Island and Ariake Sea, respectively, and used for comparison. Shells of these species were distinguied by allometric morphology and fresh tissue coloration. Elemental compositions, as revealed by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA), of the shells were distinct, too. Higher amounts of sulfur, fluorine and iron were found in the shells of L. anatine, while the L. reevii shells were more enriched with phosphorus, calcium, manganese and magnesium. Layers of calcium phosphate were commonly found in the shell cross-sections of both species, and bromine and iodine were specifically detected in the inter-layer organic matrix. More bromine were present in the L. anatine shells, while more iodine was found in the L. reevii shells. Comparison of the 18S rRNA gene sequences of L. anatine and L. reevii, along with those from other species registered in a DNA database, resulted in construction of a phylogenetic tree. The two brachiopod Lingula species were placed in two separate clades, which suggests that they be regarded as not-closely related species.

The rate of increase of plastic waste has been exceeded the rate of increase of plastic production during the period of 1975-1998. The development of technologies for resource reutilization of waste materials will not only be based on the waste-conversion-to-resource techniques but also the development of techniques for the effective collection, sizing, separation and sorting of the waste, and usage and transportation of the products from waste will be necessary. The treatment of waste materials must not be limited only to the scale-up of the treatment plants. Considering the population density and nature of locality, construction of small-scale plant for intermediate treatment will be essential. Even after repeated reutilization and resourceconversion of waste material the generation of ultimate refuse can not be avoided. Accepting this fact, formulation of a strategy for a progressive society with "Less Emission" will be necessary. For this purpose, arrangements of treatment facilities for the ultimate refuse will be essential. Among them, there is an urgent need for the development of technology for the treatment of halogen containing ultimate refuse.

遠洋域の海洋大気境界層におけるオゾン濃度日変化幅のガス状無機ヨウ素およびガス状無機臭素濃度への依存性について、光化学ボックスモデルによる数値計算結果をもとに検討した。その結果、ハロゲンによるオゾン消滅反応を含めることで、モデルが観測されるオゾン濃度日変化幅をよりよく再現する可能性があることが分かった。地表オゾン濃度の日変化を含む総合的な観測を行なうことによって、海洋大気境界層におけるハロゲンの光化学反応とオゾン収支との関連を裏付けることが可能と考えられる。, We present photochemical box model calculations to investigate a sensitivity of the diurnal variability in ozone mixing ratio in the remote marine boundary layer (MBL) on gaseous inorganic iodine and bromine abundance. It is shown that ozone loss reactions involving halogen is feasible to acount for the diurnal variablity in ozone mixing ratio. Suggestions for future observational studies to relate halogen reactions to the ozone budget in the MBL are also made.