1. Pharmacognostical Investigations of Acori Rhizomes (1): Histological and Chemical Studies of Rhizomes of A. calamus and A. gramineus Distributed in Japan
- Subjects
Acori rhizome ,anatomical study ,Acorus calamus ,Acorus gramineus ,essential oil ,chemotype - Abstract
サトイモ科(Araceae)のAcorus属植物は, 古来世界各地で薬用に供されており, 中国医学では『神農本草経』1)の上品に「昌蒲」の名称で収載され, 鎮静, 鎮痛, 健胃薬などに用いるとされた. 後に本植物の原植物としてAcorus calamus LINN.(ショウブ)およびA. gramineus SOLAND(セキショウ)があてられ, 中薬大事典では前者に「白菖」, 「水菖蒲」, 後者に「石菖蒲」の名称を与えている2). 現在わが国の市場で「菖蒲根」と称するものはA. calamus, 「石菖根」と称するものはA. gramineusのそれぞれ根茎であるとされている. アユルヴェーダではA. calamusの根茎を, 咳, 偏頭痛, 精神障害, 鼻カタル, 痔疾, 消化不良, 便秘, 小児の下痢などに汎用している3). また, ヨーロッパではsweet flagの名称で胃腸薬とされ, 胸焼け, 消化不良, 粘膜カタルなどの治療に利用しており4), その精油はcalamus oilとして, 主にアルコール飲料の着香に用いている5). By anatomical and chemical investigations of Acori rhizomes collected in Japan, the followings were clarified. (1) Anatomically, Acorus gramineus and A. calamus were clearly distinguished from each other by plotting the maximum number of parenchyma cells around an intercellular space against the maximum diameter of fiber bundles. (2) Gas chromatograms of essential oils of A. gramineus always showed peaks of phenylpropanoids mainly consisting of Z-asarone, but did not show any peak of sesquiterpenoids. (3) In the case of essential oils of A. calamus, two chemotypes, type A (consisting mainly of Z-asarone) and type B (consisting mainly of a mixture of sesquiterpenoids), were observed, with some being their intermediates, but they all contained peaks of sesquiterpenoids. Thus, A. calamus and A. gramineus were distinguishable by the presence or absence of sesquiterpenoids in their essential oils.
- Published
- 1997