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In the previous paper, the writers isolated antifungal substances from the leaves of several plants. In this paper, leaching of the antifungal substances from theleaves of these plants was studied. The leaching Pattern was classified as shown in Table 1(I-VIII), and six examples were observed in the tested plants. Annual change of the leaching was found to follow six patterns(A F) as shown in Table 3. The leaves of several plants, Ginkgo biloba and Yucca gloriosa, had fewer microorganisms, and the plants that had many microorganisms on the leaves were Distylium racemosum, Sapium japonicum, and Dendropanax(Tables 6 and 7). The ratio between total number of microorganisms and fungi, showed a high value on the leaves of Yucca gloriosa, Acer palmatum, and Dendropanax trifidus, and a lower value in Distylium racemosum(Tables 7 and 9). The relationship between the leaching of antifungal substances and number of microorganisms on the leaves was studied in these plants. The winters found a decrease in the number of microorganisms on the leaves of tested plants when antifungal substances have leached onto the leaves.

Tension and shear tests have been carried out to clarify the effects of surface treatments of carbon steel and stainless steel on the bonding strength of gas sprayed aluminium castings on them. Surface treatments of steels used in this investigation consisted of polyshing by emery paper, sand blasting and acid pickling respectively. In addition, effect of Ni-Al undercoating which sprayed after above treatments was tested. Aluminium coatings sprayed on the surfaces polyshed by emery paper and acid pickled were easy to peel off from steel surfaces during spraying and Ni-Al undercoating was useful in order to improve on bonding strenngth. Thikness of this undercoating was enough at most O. 05mm. Due to this undercoating, carbon steel polyshed by sand blasting and stainless steel pickled in acid were established strong bonding strength. These treatments generated on the surface of steel the optimum pitting shapes which provided sprayed aluminium with anchoring effect. Bonding strength of coating was highly increased by the use of annealing process after deposit.

1. In the Ina district of Nagano Prefecture, Nijisseiki pear trees usually develop abnormal leaves (so-called Ijoyo) when their terminal shoots are left to grow vigorously about two years afetr planting without being cut back in Momozawa's training system. Once the abnormal leaves develop, they also appear successively in the following years. The growth and yield of the disordered trees are considerably reduced. The disorder develops also in the other districts when Nijisseikj pear trees are grown in the same training system. The purpose of this experiment is to study the symptoms, processes or causes of development, and treatments or control measures of the disorder. 2. The abnormal leaves are glabrous, narrow, thick and brittle, showing a mosaic mottling. They have one or two more cell layers than the normals, namely, one or two more epidermis-like layers in the light green part and one more palisade layer in the dark green part, though their conductive tissues and number of chromosomes are normal. The distribution of abnormal leaves on a disordered shoot is limited to a range of from the middle to the upper parts, and several normal leaves exist on the basal part. The disordered shoots are somewhat stunted and of faint russet stripes. The fruits which bear on them are inferior in the transverse growth, the skin of which partially lacking dots and often having irregular stripes on the surface though the dessert quality of which being generally normal. 3. The longer the shoot growth more than 115 cm on an average, the higher the percentage of disordered shoots which sprout newly in the following year. The location of buds which would develop the disordered shoots in the following year is restricted to the top of the vigorous shoots. Therefore, it is recommended for the growers to cut back the vigorous shoots at their tops during the dormant period. 4. In any variety other than Nijisseiki, none of abnormal leaves develop even when the shoots grow vigorously under Momozawa's training system. The development of the disorder in the Nijisseiki pear trees has no connection with an individuality of mother tree of scions, or with a variety of stocks and interstocks. 5. Even when the sap of abnormal leaves is inoculated to normal leaves of the same variety or other species, none of abnormal symptoms appear on the treated leaves. When the scions taken from the disordered shoots are top-grafted on the normal shoots, the newly sprouted shoots from the scions in the following year are all disordered, while those from the interstocks are all normal. On the contrary, when the scions taken from the normal shoots are top-grafted on the disordered shoots, the newly sprouted shoots from the scions in the following year are all normal, while those from the interstocks are all disordered. The newly sprouted shoots from the disordered scion are all disordered at least for three years successively, but, thereafter, normal shoots will sprout occasionally from the old parts of the scion. The hybrid progeny of the disordered Nijisseiki pear trees never shows any abnormal symptom. 6. By leaf analysis of the vigorous shoots from the tops of which the disordered shoots are expected to grow, it is evident that leaves at their terminal part contain more N, P, Mg, Mn and Zn, and less K and Ca than those at their middle part. Furthermore, the abnormal leaves contain less N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and B, and more P than the normal leaves on the same tree. However, no deep relationship can be found between either application of N, P, K, Zn or B and the development of the disorder. Only when slag which contains lime, silica, magnesia and many other trace elements is applied, the development of the abnormal leaves seems to be slightly reduced. 7. Auxin content is lower in the terminal part of the disordered shoots than in that of the normal shoots, the difference being greatest in late May when abnormal leaves begin to appear on the disordered shoots. Sprays of IAA, GA or TIBA to the vigorous shoots have no influence on the development of the disordered shoots in the following year. Sprays of B995 to the vigoros shoots retard geartly their growth, which result to be very effective to reduce the development of the disordered shoots from their tops in the following year. 8. When the normal Nijisseiki pear trees are grown in a glass-house, none of abnormal leaves develop regardless of the training system, and when the disordered Nijisseiki pear trees are transplanted in a glass-house, their restoration is much promoted. Otherwise, covering them with the Filon (plastics with glassfiber) or oil paper gives a similar effect to them, while covering them with black cheese cloth, vinyl film or polyethylene film never produces the same result. These facts suggest that the development of the disorder might be closely related to the radiation of ultraviolet shorter than 310 mp which can not pass through a glass, Filon and oil paper. Defoliation of the vigorous shoots at their tops in summer when is the season of the strongest radiation of ultraviolet reduces thedevelopment of the disorder in the following year. 9. The abnormal leaves on the disordered shoots contain polyphenol more abundantly than the normal leaves on the same shoots or the normal ones. The terminal leaves of the vigorous shoots contain polyphenol more quantitatively than those of shoots of normal vigor. The isoelectric point of suspension of the terminal leaves of the vigorous shoots is comparatively low as same as that of the abnormal leaves on the disordered shoots., Article, 信州大学農学部紀要 4(4): 332-395(1967)

Clolor of pupal skin and wing of some mutants of insects is formed of a melanin pigment, then I study the relation between the melanin formation and the gene by the following experiment : 1) Color of drosophila virils' pupal skin is grey in a wild type, black in a ebony type of the mutant and yellow type. When I tested hydrolyte of their pupal skin paper chromatography, tyrosine was not observed only for the ebony type with a melanin pigment. 2) Pupal skin of a black pupa type, one of the mutant of silk worm, has a melanin pigment ; in hydrolyte of its pupal skin was not observed tyrosine by paper-chromatography as detected in that of brown color of the normal type. Upon quantifying tyrosine by bioassay, I observed that tyrosine in the black pupa type was less than in the normal type. 3) Conspicua and succinea of harmonia axyridis have the multiple gene with each other, the former is more dominant than the letter. Among them, the wing of con spicua contains a melanin pigment, succinea is richer in tyrosine than conspicua in quantifying it by bioassay. From these results, I suppose that the melanin formation of insects' pupal skin and wing goes through a process of tyrosin→dopa→melanin and their genes dominate the strength of tyrosinase participating with the said process.

Many methods have long been employed for the culture and hatching of the eggs of Ancylostoma and Trichostrongylus orintalis. As a result of the study of these methods of culture, especially Kawara (rough tile) culture method and filter paper culture method which are now widely used, the author has developed erect Kawara culture method which incorporates the virtues of these two culture methods. The present paper consists of four parts. The part I deals with a general study of the factors involved in the development and hatching of hookworm eggs. These factors were studied from the viewpoint of ecology after they have been classified into the following four groups: the factors inherent in parent worms, in eggs, in feces and in method of culture. As a preliminary to comparative study of various culture methods to be undertaken for the purpose of evaluating .them on the basis of the number of larvae hatched, the number of larvae hatched by Kawara culture method was compared with the number of eggs counted by Stoll's egg-counting method. It was shown that there was marked positive correlation between the two numbers, and that there was no difference in the range of variation of the numbers contained in one sample between the two methods. This will indicate the accuracy and reliability of Kawara culture method as a means for counting the number of larvae coming out of eggs. The part II concerns with a study in Ancylostoma caninum on the relation between the number and kinds. of parent worms and the development and hatching of eggs. The rate of larvae hatched was determined on the basis of the number of larvae hatched by Kawara culture method and the number of eggs counted by Stoll's egg-counting method. The relations between this rate and the number and kinds of hookworms collected from the sacrificed dogs were studied. The result obtained is summarized as follows, (1) There was no connection whatsoever between the number of parasite worms, the number of parasite female worms and the ratio female/male worms on one hand and the rate of hatching of larvae on the other. (2) There was negative correlation between the logarithm of the number of eggs per day per female and the hatching of larvae. (3) There was negative correlation between the length of the female worm and the rate of hatching of larvae. There seemed to be the same relation between the weight of the female worm and the rate of hatching of larvae. (4) Direct effects of the density on the fluctuations in the rate of hatching of larvae were not clear. It was assumed that the fluctuations might occur as secondary effects of population density. (5) Day to day fluctuations in the rate of hatching of larvae were markedly smaller in the group in which there was smaller number of eggs per gram as counted by Stoll's method. It was disclosed that these fluctuations paralleled day to day fluctuations in the number of eggs counted by Stoll's method.

Planktons collected (in May, 1952) at the coast of Enoura, Kita-takagi-gun, could be devided into the following principal groups-Copepoda-group Polychaeta-group and Mysis-group. That is to say Copepoda-group, for example, means that planktons collected in that place hold Copepodas for the most part. The same to another case. If every group is made hydrolysis, and then developed through paper-chromatography, we can recognize that Copepoda-group contains arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine and iso-leucine. Polychaeta-group holds arginine, glycine, proline and valine. Mysis-group contains iso-leucine, varine, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, asyartic acid, arginine and leaves some trace of something. On the occasion of these plankton-gatherings, Mr. Norimichi Funatsu set himself to collections. His kindness really overwhelms us with gratitude., 1.1952年5月に諫早市郊外の千々岩湾に臨む江の浦海岸で採集したプランクトンは大別してCopepoda-群.Polychaeta-群、Mysis-群の三群と分類することが出來た。2.Copepoda群は塩酸で分解しPaper-chromatographyで一次二次の展開をしNinhydrinesprayで検出した処Arginine,Asparagine,Glutamic acid,Valine,Iso-leucineの存在すること が確認出來た。3.Polychaeta群ではArginine,Glycine,Proline,極微量のValineが存在することが判つた。4.Mysis-群ではIso-leucine,Valine,Alanine,Glutamic acid,Glycine,Aspartic acid,Arginineと痕跡的に存在する数種の物質の存在が確かめられた。5.特徴的なことはCopepoda群ではGlutamic acidとAspartic acid,Polychaeta群ではProline,Mysis群ではGlutamic acidの各物質が顕著に存在することである。6.CarbohydrateとMinera1とは遂に検出出來なかつた。7.Copepoda-group顕の構成物質中Glutamic acidが最も顕著に、次にはAspartic acidが著に検出出來ることは続いて報告するSagitta-groupと同様の特徴である。, 長崎大学水産学部研究報告, v.2, pp.54-56; 1954

The actual aspect of saline injury in crops, as reported before, was markedly varied by growing factors, viz. higher air-humidity, lower air-temperature, shading and nitrogen-supply. And though the nitrogen content in the saline leaves was always more than the control, the relativity between the nitrogen level in the saline leaves and the "salt tolerance" rating in the crops was not cleared. In this paper, the authors observed the patterns of soluble protein analysed by paper electrophoresis, being extracted from the leaf-brade of wheat and rice plant grown under the different nutriets. Consequently, it may be said that the ability of the plant to survive unfavorable internal environment under saline treatment is raised in higher level of soluble-protein concentration in leaf-brade.

Further studies were conducted from 1972 to 1973 to improve the measure in inducing parthenocarpy of Muscat Bailey A grapes with gibberellic acid(GA). When the prebloom GA application was made at one time 14 days or 17 days before full bloom, 200 ppm was more effective concentration than 100 ppm for getting stably high seedlessness ratio. The repeated prebloom GA applications at 200 and 100 ppm or 100 and 200 ppm in the order 14 days and again 7 days before full bloom resulted in siginficantly higher seedlessness ratio as compared with the one time application at 100 ppm 14 days before full bloom. The addition of benzyl adenine(BA) at 100 or 200 ppm to the GA solutions significantly raised the seedlessness ratio and improved the compactness of bunch resulting from the depressed elongation of peduncle and rachis and the increased berry set. These effects of BA were more prominent in proportion to the concentrations. The appearance of the abnormal tissue like a pit developed at the core, which was reported in the previous paper, was not significantly affected by the repeated applications and concentrations of GA and also by the combined applications of BA with GA even though the rate of berries having such abnomal tissue fractuated from 2.4 to 17.9% depending on the years and treatments.

In this paper, it was investigated on the changes of the hardness of tomato fruits sprayed with metiram, zineb, triazine and Bordeaux mixture in 1967-69. These chemicals were generally applied to disease control of early and late blight of tomato in Japan. The effect of spraying on the blight of tomato plants was variable with the exception of Bordeaux mixture being stable in its effectiveness for three years. Maturing periods of fruits sprayed with zineb and triazine were relatively earlier than Bordeaux mixture, but prolonged with metiram as compared with other chemicals. The hardness of the sarcocarp of matured fruits was measured with the method sticking a needle into tissues. In contrast with zineb and triazine treatments, the hard fruits resistant to sticking a needle were obtained from tomato plants treated with metiram and Bordeaux mixture. Since the hardness of fruits was affected with pectic enzymes in the tissues and calcium in the cell walls, pectin methylesterase (PME), Polygalacturonase (PG) activities and Ca contents were determined. PME and PG activities were higher in fruits obtained from zineb and triazine spraying than from metiram and Bordeaux mixture spraying, but calcium contents were inversely proportionate to PME and PG activities. Activities of PME bounded to the cell walls prepared from tissues were similar among the each treatments., Article, 信州大学農学部紀要 10(1): 1-10(1973)

In the present paper the author discussed economically how to control the injurious insects of Japanese Pine Mushroom (Armillaria Matsutakei ITO et IMAI) by the several insecticides. The experiments were carried out at Bisei-cho, Okayama Prefecture in 1958. In this experiments the insecticides were DDT, EPN, dieldrin, aldrin, malathon (powder) and lindane (Fumigant). These insecticides were used singly or jointly to control the larvae of injurious Dipterous insects. All of them were recognized the fair effect. It may be concluded from the results of this experiment that the use of insecticide has economical advantages in the following conditions: (1) The effect of insect control by insecticide is over about 50%. (2) The hervest of mushroom becomes over 50 kg/ha. (8) The price of insecticide is less than about 3000 Yen/ha.

Thirty-one patients with pedunculated, non-infiltrative tumor of the bladder was continuously administered SLA, beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, after surgery. The recurrence rate of the SLA-treatment group was 12.9 % within six months, 38.1 % within one year, 50.0 % within two year, and 81.8 % within three year. This result was compared with the recurrence rate of the non-prevention group in the preceding paper. Within the first two years, the recurrence rate was always lower in the SLA-group though not so significantly by statistical analysis. Some cases obviously showed the preventive effect of SLA against recurrence of tumor of the bladder. One patient complained of anorexia and nausea due to SLA, which was discontinued after two months administration.

This paper reports experiments showing that under experimental conditions some strains of Paracolobactrum coliforme acquired lactose-fermentability contrary to the foregoing experiments in which some strains of Escherichia coli were made non-lactose-ferme

This paper treats of the drought resistance of needles of Pinus densiflora and P. Thunbergii, and is a part of the writer's research on their habitat seregation. To find their differences in the resistance to severe drought, needles were dried in desiccators in which _2S0_4 was placed at 30℃. The results obtained are as follows : 1) The drying speed of needles of P. densiflora is faster than that of P. Thunbergii and the ratio is 5 : 3. 2) New needles dry faster than old. 3) When their needles lose water above a certain limit, they can not recover their nor mal water content. 4) Needles of P. densiflora reach this limit at double the speed of P. Thunbergii. 5) From these results, it may be concluded that P. Thunbergii is more adaptable to severe drought than P. densiflora.

As Allee (1931) has pointed out, aggregation is due in the first place to the eggs being laid together. Newly hatched larvae from an egg mass have a strong tendency to form aggregation. But in most of these species, the larvae should disperse gradually as development advances. The author has made clear the effect of aggregation of these species and details of this effect have been reported previously. In the present paper, the important results are summarized and the ecological significance of the aggregation is discussed. Synchronism of hatching from an egg mass and larval mortality during the period of aggregation were examined as the index for the effect of aggregation. A good synchronization of hatching was observed in a large size of egg mass and the hatched larvae form a large aggregation. As the result of this large aggregation, the larvae can feed together easily and larval mortality becomes low. The effect of aggregation can be divided into two kinds of mode of actions, the environmental conditioning and the mutual interaction. These two modes of action have been also found in the case of the so-called effect of population density. The mortality factors may not act at random on the individuals within an aggregation, but on the whole aggregation itself. The mortality factors that bring about a partial destruction of the members of aggregation such as egg parasites, predators and climatic factors may affect also the mortality of the ensuing survivors. But it should be most important that the aggregation is destroyed by the mortality factors as a whole. It can be concluded that the size of aggregation affects the mortality and this effect can be distinguished from the so-called effect of population density., Article, 信州大学農学部紀要 4(2): 155-164(1967)

It is the object in this paper to study the main infection routes of hookworms to human bodies. In the study reported here, the influence of the various concentration of the artificial stomach fluid on the infective larvae of each of Ancylostoma duodenale Dubini and Necator americanus were investigated. Furthermore, 4 human volunteers, without history of previous hookworm infection, were exposed orally to larvae of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, and obtained with the expelled worms from the subjects after the long term observation, The results were as follows: 1) The artificial stomach fluid of the concentration of less than 0.5 % did not produce any remarkable influences on infective larvae of Ancylostoma duodenale Dubini. On the other hand, the same fluid produced considerable strong influences on infective larvae of Necator americanus, having showed a significant difference between the tolerance of the infective larvae of Necator americanus and that of the infective larvae of Ancylostoma americanus Dubini. 2) The numbers of infective larvae of each of Ancylostoma duodenale Dubini and Necator americanus were calculated accurately with a capileary glass tube, and thus about 100 larvae of each kind of hookworms were administered to 4 volunteers through stomach. The results indicated that only larvae of Ancylostoma duodenale Dubini became to be adults by accomplishing the infection, and the infective rate was 70.1 to 79.3 % in the subjects who were administered larvae in hunger, having showed a significant difference from the infective rate of 37.7 to 48.0 % in the subjects who were administered larvae after meals. 3) The occurrence of the firtilized eggs of hookworms were found in the faeces at 117th to 158th day after the administration of larvae., As to the subjective symptoms after the administration, cough appeared in the all subjects at the 3rd to 9th day after the adminstration of larvae, having lasted during 4 to 5 months, and also the remarkable increase in eosinophil cell counts, laryngeal abnormal feeling and weariness were observed in the all cases. Besides, abdominal pain and right chest pain were observed in 3 out of the 4 subjects. 4) From the studies on the condition of the segmentated eggs in the worm uteri and on the measurement of the length of the expelled worms, it was observed the degree of the growth and maturity of the worms at about 300th day after the infection was in a little more progressive stage in comparison with those of the worms at about 200th day after infection.

In Okinawa, the 1st crop of rice is sown when it is cool and harvested when it is warm and long-day, and the 2nd crop seeding is practiced during warm season and it matures when it is cool and short-day. It is an interesting problem in relation to low productivity of the 2nd crop, to clearly the developmental characteristics of the crop happend is such quite contrary climatic conditions. This paper as a part of "Studies on the development of various parts of paddy rice plant of 1st crop, is on the elongation processes and the changes of dry weight of organs of the rice plant, i. e., leaf-blades, leaf-shehths, internodes, panicles, etc. 1. The elongation processes of leaf-blades, leaf-sheaths, internodes, and panicle show S-shape curve. The elongation of a blade is later than that of the sheath for one blade's emergence period. The panicle elongates together with the sheath of the boot-leaf (Fig. 1, Table 3). 2. Leaf-blades and sheaths grow longer as the leaf order goes up, until the turning period of leaf appearance cycle at which the plant reaches to the period of the highest activity of elongation. Those emerge during the period show maximum growth in length. The leaves which emerge after the ear differentiation time become gradually shorter, and the periods of their elongation become longer (Fig. 1). 3. As to the living period of the leaf on the main stem, the lower ones up to the 10th leaf have short periods and the higher ones above the 11th one have long period. Two or three leaves at the top of the stem continues to live up to the harvest time (Table 4). 4. As to the increase and decrease processes of dry weight, there are great differences between the lower leaf group (1st to 10th leaf) and the upper leaf group (11th to the 15th). The one among the lower group has a maximum dry weight before the ear differentiation time, and the movement of nutrient elements occurs mainly about the ear formation time. The leaf among the upper group has a maximum dry weight at the heading time, and the translocation of elements occurs after the heading time and the quantity of translocated materials is greater (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). 5. As to the relative quantity of translocated material from the leaf-sheath, those which increase dry weight during tillering period have higher quantities than the 10th leaf-sheath which shows the highest activity of weight increase during the ear formation time and has the least translocated material. Those upper than the 10th leaf-sheath have also higher translocated materials. But it is very small in upmost leaf-sheaths which are alive when other lower ones are dead (Table 6). It is considered that the relative quantity of translocated materials is high in the leaf-sheath which increases dry weight in tillering period is due to the pecuriality of the growth of the first crop and the characteristics of Taichu No. 65. 6. As to the relation between the elongation of organs and the increase of dry weight, an increase of dry weight generally begins around when the speed of elongation of the organ becomes greatest, and the maximum dry weight is reached around when the elongation completes. But the rate of dry weight increase in the leaf which increases dry weight during the formation and elongation of the ear and the elongation of lower internodes is lower (Fig. 4). There are close relations between the formation and elongation of organs and the increase and translocation of nutrient elements.

Using the brains of catfish (Parasilurus asotus) and mouse as the test materials and with the aid of paper chromatography the author compared the transamination of 16 kinds of α-amino acids, 4 different ω-amino acids, 4 di-amino acids, cysteic acid and α-ketoglutaric acid and studied the possibility of the amino acid metabolism in the brain of catfish. The results are as follows: 1. The brains of catfish demonstrate generally a high transaminase activity as compared with the brains of mice, especially the activity of aspartic acid, alanine, leucine and threonine is marked. 2. Glycine and methionine that are not transaminated in the mouse brain demonstrate their activity in the brain of catfish. 3. Phenylalanine is not transaminated in the brain of catfish.

In Japan, many kinds of aphids over winter in the egg stage on their host plants. It is a well known fact that the oviparous females in bisexual generation deposite the eggs around the winter buds of the twigs of the host plant under outdoor conditions. Hitherto, this fact has been recorded by several workers as shown in Table 1. In this paper the author reports the results of some observations on the oviposition habit of the oviparous females. The author has observed that the oviparous females prefer cotton fibre to other things in their oviposition as shown in Table 2. It seems very possible to the author that the oviparous females are not sensitive to the host plant in their oviposition. It is considered to be a certain fact that the oviparous females lay all of the eggs in a few day after mating as shown in Table 3.

application/pdf, In this paper, the mouth parts, their accessory organs, the penetration of stylets of aphids into the plants and the formation of galls and fading of plant leaves by aphids have been studied on about 40 species of aphids. The aphids feeding on the host plants were quickly paralyzed with ethyl ehter, and the plant portions with aphids were fixed in BOUIN'S or CARNOY'S or formalin solution for morphological and histological examinations. Paraffin sections, 15μ thick, were stained with DELAFIELD'S hematoxyline and safranin T or acid fuchsin. The main results were summarized as follows: (1) Sucking pump, pharynx and hypopharynx are covered with epithelium. The cross section of sucking pump is polygonal in shape and pharynx is nearly semicircular, their posterior side much sclerotized, but anterior side membranous, and the dilator muscles arising from clypeus attach at center of anterior side in some aphids, but the muscles attach at sclerotized thin plate on the center of anterior side in Myzus persicae SULZER. Hypopharynx is thickened, sclerotized and bound with maxillary stylets on each side of anterior parts, at this part food canal of stylets is connected with food meatus, and salivary canal is with salivary meatus. (2) Salivary glands are in four pairs, namely principal, accessory, mandibular and maxillary glands. According to MILES (1955), Aphis craccivora KOCH secretes two types of saliva, highly viscous and watery liquid. The former is used for sheath formation, and is secreted from the mandibular and maxillary glands while the latter from the principal and accessory glands in Lachnus tropicalis VAN DER GOOT and Myzus persicae SULZER, and also it has been shown by NISHI (1962) that the inhibitor for activity of Tobacco mosaic virus is found in the salivary sheath formed in the plant tissues in Myzus persicae SULZER. It seems that the inhibitor is contained in the saliva of mandibular and maxillary glands. (3) Salivary sheaths are usually developed more distinctly within cells than between the cell walls and formed even in the air between the tip of rostrum and the surface of plant epidermis or between leaf sheath and stem when aphids feed on the stem through the sheath, and the stylet tracks are usually branched in the plant tissues especially in the phloem. (4) The stylets turn to right on the distal part of hypopharynx and have been turned about 90 degrees in the basal part of the labial groove. Such fact is observed in 8 species of aphids and seems to be useful for the reinforcement of stylets when inserted into the host plants. (5) Rostrum is shortened when stylets are inserted into the plant tissues. The first segment of rostrum is pale, very thin, and flexible. The second segment is longer but smaller in diameter than the first, and much more thickly chitinized, making a telescope within the first segment. The base of the second segment reaches the oesophageal ganglion in many species of aphids belonging to subfamily Aphidinae, and a large portion of the segment lie within the abdomen in some species belonging to sub family Lachninae especially in genus Stomaphis when the stylets are inserted deeply into plant tissues and almost all the second segment of rostrum is drawn in the first segment. (6) In most species the stylets are inserted into epidermis intercellularly, intracellularly or sometimes through stomata, but Ceratovacuna lanigera ZEHNTNER on Miscanthus sinensis, Schizolachnus orientalis TAKAHASHI on pine leaves and Melanaphis bambusae Fullaway on bamboo insert the stylets into the hosts always only through the stomata of the leaves. (7) In many species the stylets inserted in plant tissues pass usually intercellularly, and also frequently intracellularly even through cells, but Nipponaphis monzeni TAKAHASHI on Quercus glauca, Mindarus japonicus TAKAHASHI on twigs of Abies firma, Schizolachnus orientalis TAKAHASHI on pine leaves, Nippolachnus piri MATSUMURA on pear leaves and Greenidea nipponica SUENAGA on twigs of Quercus phylliraeoides insert the stylets only intracellularly. The stylets usually take a roundabout way to mechanical tissues, but Rhopalosiphum padi L. on rice plant, Chaitophorus chinensis TAKAHASHI on Salix babylonica and Nipponaphis monzeni TAKAHASHI on Quercus glauca pass intercellularly or intracellularly through the tissue. (8) The stylets usually reach phloem, especially sieve tube, but in a few cases reach xylem, bundle sheaths and palisade parenchyma. In the first instar larvae of fundatrices of Neothoracaphis yanonis MATSUMURA in the galls on Distylium racemosum insert the stylets into epidermis or mesophyll cells, but cannot reach them to the phloem, while in the following instar larvae, the adults of fundatrices and the second generation insert the stylets into the phloem. (9) Fundatrices of Myzus persicae SULZER cause the formation of roll galls along the main midrib of the young leaves of Prunus Persica. The galled leaves are about 0.16mm. thick, and their adaxial epidermis, mesophyll cells and intercellular space of spongy parenchyma are well developed but their cells are not increased in number, while normal leaves are about 0.09mm. thick in average. In the galls on the leaves of Distylium racemosum produced by Neothoracaphis yanonis MATSUMURA and those on Prunus Grayana by Myzus sp. the mesophyll of galled tissue can not be readily differentiated into various components of normal mesophyll, and the cells of galled tissues generally increase in number and enlarge inshape. (10) Aulacorthum kerriae SHINJI on Kerria japonica var. typica and Shinjia pteridifoliae SHINJI on Pteridium aquilium give rise to the fading in the leaves of host plants, and the chloroplasts in the cells of faded tissues become small in size and decrease in number., Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture. Ser. B, Agriculture and biology. 1966, 18, p.95-137

The carbon steel is used for all industrial materials, but theory on the heat treatment of carbon steel contains various difficult factor. In this paper, therefore, study on the wear loss of some quenched carbon steels and some spherodized carbon steels. Results obtained are as follows 1. It is plain enough that between wear loss and residual stress exist stress-abrasion limit. 2. Wear loss of spherodized carbon steel is less than normal structure carbon steel. 3. Spherodized pearlite remarkably appear at 680℃ from 3 to 5 hour.

As a section of a study on the primary production in Bingo-nada (central part of the Seto Inland Sea), quantitative examination of living plankton was carried out at two stations (BG-1 and BG-2). This paper deals with the results of the examination, and considers the quantitative relationship between the primary production and the standing crop of planktonic diatoms. Some outstanding features of the seasonal changes in the total cell number and specific composition of planktonic diatoms are shown in Text-figs. 1-3. The total cell number of diatoms increased remarkably in and after April, 1963 at BG-2 (especially at the 0.5m depth). Species composition of diatoms varied so much from month to month that dominant species alternated frequently. The occurrence of zooplankton is shown in App. Tables 1 and 2. Acartia clausi and Oithona nana dominantly occurred only at BG-2. From the difference of dominant copepod species (Text-fig. 4), the environmental condition at BG-2 seems to be stronger in inshore character than that at BG-1. The quantitative relationship between primary production and living planktonic diatoms was discussed by correlating the following variables to one another: the total cell number, the total photosynthesis, the photosynthesis per cell, the chlorophyll a content per cell, and the photosynthesis per unit chlorophyll a. a) There is tendency that the chlorophyll a content per cell drops as the total cell number increases. Chlorophyll a content per cell is high when the total cell number is scanty. b) The photosynthetic activity of chlorophyll a seems to be stronger in the warmer season, and weaker in the colder season. c) The photosynthetic activity per cell fluctuates according to the variations in both the chlorophyll a content per cell and the photosynthetic activity of chlorophyll a. In the most cases, however, its fluctuation was caused by the variation in the chlorophyll a content per cell. Accordingly, there was observed a tendency that the photosynthetic activity per cell becomes weaker as the total cell number increases and becomes higher when the diatom cells are scanty. d) In most examples, an increase in total photosynthesis was observed concurrently with a marked increase in the total cell number. In such cases, the photosynthetic activity per cell was comparatively weak, but the cumulative photosynthesis was high because of the large number of cells. On the other hand, there were cases in which an increase in total photosynthesis was observed inspite of a rather scanty cell number; in such cases the photosynthetic activity per cell was very strong. e) The several interrelationships mentioned above were held irrespectively of the species composition of planktonic diatoms. Accordingly, it seems that an increase or decrease in the total photosynthesis in Bingo-nada is controlled not by the occurrences of any particular speices of phytoplankton, but by the variations in the photosynthetic activity per cell and in the total cell number.

Nemacystus decipiens (SURINGAR) KUCKUCK grows on branches of Sargassum patens and is a useful edible alga in Japan. In this paper, the authors deal with the life cycle of Nemacystus decipiens, using the materials collected from Omura and Nomozaki of north western Kyushu. The macroscopic sporophytes of this alga grow abundantly in winter and spring, and they have unilocular sporangia from March to June, and plurilocular sporangia from December to next April. The zoospore liberated from the unilocular sporangium is fusiform in shape, having a chromatophore, an eye-spot, and two unequal flagella on the lateral part. After short swimming, they germinate to gametophytes which are branched creeping filamentous thalli. These thalli produce the plurilocular sporangia in spring and early summer. The swarmers from them germinate without conjugation and give rise to new filamentous thalli. This phenomenon is thought to be the parthenogenetic reproduction of gametes. Most of the cells of the filamentous thalli are transformed in summer into the spherical resting stage with thick membrane. After the resting stage, these gametophytes form plurilocular sporangia which produce gametes. The gametes conjugate isogamously to form zygotes. The zygotes first give rise to the creeping filaments and then to the erect assimilators, and finally they develop into Nemacystus plants. The unfused gametes are able to develop parthenogenetically. On the other hand, sporophytes of Nemacystus plants produce plurilocular sporangia which form neutral zoospores. These zoospores develop directly into Nemacystus plants. Some germlings of zygotes and neutral zoospores also give rise to plethysmothalli which repeat several successive generations of such thalli under the unfavourable culture conditions., "モズクの生活環について,野母崎と大村産のものを用い,単子嚢や中性複子嚢の遊走子の培養実験を行ない,また定期的にその生態を調査した。1)モズクの肉眼的な藻体は大村では12月,野母崎では翌年の2,3月に出現し,5月下旬から6月上旬に消失する。その間,単子嚢は3月以後に,中性複子嚢は4月以前にそれらの形成がみられた。2)単子嚢の遊走子は,直ちに発芽して匍匐した糸状の配偶体となる。春から初夏の培養でそれらに複子嚢ができ動胞子が形成され,それらは接合せず2,3回 Subcycle を繰返したが,これらは培養条件による配偶子の単為生殖とみなされた。3)配偶体は夏の高温期に厚膜に包まれ休眠状態となり,11月,12月以後に再発芽して複子嚢をつくり,それに形成される配偶子は接合して造胞体に発育した。しかし,止水培養では接合子の発芽糸状体にもしばしば複子嚢がつくられた。4)海で採集した1mmから成体までのモズク藻体で,中性複子嚢がみられたが,それらから放出される遊走子は直ちに発芽して再びモズク造胞体に生育する。この場合も発芽幼体に中性複子嚢をつくるいわゆる矮小体がみられた。5)モズクでは,造胞体の矮小体は,培養でも天然の海でもみられるが,これらは生活環の独立した1世代とするよりも,むしろ中性複子嚢による生殖法をもつ幼体とみなすのが妥当のように考えられる。"

It has already been experimentally confirmed by many investigators that schistosoma miracidia hatched out in the water and invaded into the oncomelania snails through their body surface and developed up to cercaria in the snail tissues within about eleven weeks. Oncomelania snail is, however, ordinarily a kind of land-inhabiting snails which spend great part of their life time on the ground. Therefore, attack of schistosoma miracidia to the snail may be limited in an exclusive oppotunity of being submerged in the water by raining or irrigation. Miyagawa (1916) and Suzuki (1913) described an evidence that hatching process of schistosoma egg was inhibited in fecal substances of the host. There is no any reason to deny a possibility that the snail contact with unhatched schistosoma eggs on the ground in natural world. The author attempt an experiment to give orally Schistosoma japonicum eggs to the snail, Oncomelania nosophora, Yamanashi strain, and to follow up its migration and development in the snail tissues. First of all in this study, viability and hatchability of the eggs were tested under various conditions of media in which the eggs were incubated. As the results, it was demonstrated that distilled water of pH 7.6 was the most ideal medium for hatching of the eggs, but saline and succarose solution were not suitable for maintaining of the viability. On the other hand, the author pointed out an important and interesting fact that S. japonicum eggs placed on an agar plate which was kept in high moisture and constant temperature of 27℃ to 29℃ did not hatch throughout the period of ten days investigation and most of them could suvive for long time at least three days. The snails and eggs containing mature miracidia were placed together on the agar plate mentioned above for 15 minutes to 2 hours to bring them into contact each other. After this procedure the snails were isolated on filter paper disk and fed with rice powder. Number of the eggs remaining on the agar plate were counted. The snails were killed and histologically examined at designated intervals after the infection. The eggs were found to reduce in number which varied from seven to eighteen eggs per snail. In the histological examination of the snail, the eggs were first detected in the esophagus and stomach shortly after ingestion and then in the intestine and rectum within 4 hours. 12 to 48 hours the empty egg shell and hatched miracidia were found, some of which were going to penetrate into the wall of digestive canal or submucous connective tissues. Other miracidia were found, furthermore, to migrate into the liver, kidney and uterine. These invasion of miracidia produced sometimes infiltration of a small lymphocyte like cell and amoebocyte, and granuloma bilding around degenerated miracidia in the snail tissues. However, the author has never found any other larval forms of further developed stages, such as typical sporocyte and cercaria during the period of observation over 11 weeks., 著者は日本住血吸虫の中間宿主宮入貝O. nosophoraの感染経路に関する研究の一端として,日本住血吸虫卵を宮入貝に経口的に与え貝体内での虫卵の移行,発育を観察した.先ず色々のmedium日虫卵の生存と孵化に及ぼす影響を観察したが,その至適な水はpH7.6～6.8の蒸溜水である.アルカリに傾いた蒸溜水,食塩水,ブドー糖液では孵化が抑制されるが,濃度が高くなると同時に虫卵の生存に障害的に作用し,孵化能力を失う.日虫卵を寒天板に置く事によって虫卵は孵化せず,少くとも3日間生きたまゝ保存する事が出来る.甲府産の宮入貝を寒天上で日虫卵と接触させると好んで捕喰する.虫卵は食道,胃,小腸,直腸と下降し,12時間頃から消化管内で孵化し,48時間頃になると一部は繊毛を失なって消化管壁,中腸腺,腎腔その他の組織に侵入,胚細胞の分裂が見られる.その後77日まで観察したが,スポロチスト,セルカリアに発育したものは検出出来なかった., 熱帯医学 Tropical medicine 12(4). p221-235, 1971

1. The present paper deals with some knowledge gathered from writer's observations and experiments on the downy mildew of rice, wheat, and other cereal crops, and certain wild species of grasses of Gramineae. Distribution of oospores of Phytophthora macrospora (SACC.) ITO et TANAKA in the tissues of rice plant is also considered. 2. Downy mildew infection of rice plant as well as that of others occurred mostly at the occasion of floods. The writer however have observed the disease year after year on young rice plant in some nursery-beds normally managed to be free from floods. 3. There are two seasons of infection for the disease; respectively, from the latter part of May to early July and from the middle part of October to about the middle of November. 4. The disease on the rice plant after transplanting originates from two sources, one from diseased seedlings in the nursery-beds and the other in the field. In the latter case the external symptoms of the diseased plant frequently do not appear, and only by the use of microscope and observing oospores and mycelia that the presence of the disease is ascertained. Some plants may be in the heading stage, and in this case it is believed that there will be considerably seed infection. 5. On the 10th of October 1952 the state of growth of diseased and healthy rice plants growing in the same field was studied. In this field the disease was observed year after year having been originated from diseased seedlings in the nursery-beds. The diseased plants presented severe dwarfing-36.1% of the height of the healthy ones. As the diseased plants showed much tillering they appeared like a small bush. The length and the width of the blade were both less on the diseased plant than the healthy plant. The percentage of width to the length was 24.23% for the former compared to the healthy ones of 9.85%. 6. Wheat plants were studied on the 17th of May 1952 which were infected from a flood last November. The diseased wheat plants were dwarfed 71.8% in height of the healthy plants. The disease did not affect the tillering as much. 80% had heads, 4% with deformed heads, and 16% without heads. The heads on the diseased plants were smaller. 7. The disease symptoms on the other cereal crops and wild grasses varied, and some of them were difficult to see with the naked eyes. The writer confirmed the following subjects involved : chlorosis or yellowing, dwarfing, deformed spikes, and zoosporangial and oospore formation. In many cases the zoosporangium were formed on the young plant when it dipped into the water after three or five hours. 8. On the distribution of oospores in the rice plant tissues, they were found most abundant in the lower parts of blade, consecutively less in the middle part of the blade or the upper part of the sheath, and very few in the tip of blade, the lower parts of stem and the deformed spike. No oospores were observed in roots, but were observed rarely in the leaf-sheaths about 3cm from ground level, which apparently indicates overwintering of the fungus in the rice stubble in the field.

With the brain and liver of various animals (mice, catfish, bull-frogs, common turtle, and chicken) as the materials the author investigated the transamination of taurine and α-ketoglutaric acid by means of paper chromatography; and obtained the following results. 1. No transamination of tuarine-glutamic acid can be recognized in any of these animals. 2. In the liver likewise no transamination can be detected. 3. Taurine is in no way associated with glutamic acid in the processes of the transa-mination.

When the canned goods of sardine or mackerel are made, the slime are secreted from the fish flesh and it makes afilthy appearance. Is the slime absolutely innoxious? It is a well-known fact that the slime secreted by eel, wels or loach was reduced to powder and was exported as the tonic to Manchuria and North China. Does the case bring to a resolution about this problem? Leiognathus argentea Lacepede is a fish easy to seize in this district and the slime secreted from the surface is large in quantity. We have made biochemical researches on the slime secreted by Leiognathus argentea Lacepede owing to the fact that the fish are easily caught. The captured fish must be put into the distilled water and it will secret a large quantity of the slime in the excess of its pain. Into the fluid after the fish is taken off, some alcohol is poured, then the precipitation can be seen. If this precipitation is pulverized, and is investigated, this can be recognized as a kind of mucoid. By means of paper chromatography, we can find that the mucoid contains cystine, arginine, serine, glycine, aspartic acid, alanine, tyrosine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, carbohydrate and what that. If the powder of this material is extract by the distilled water, and then the acid is added, the precipitation is observed. If the excess of acid is added, the former precipitate disappear. On that occasion if the distilled water is added afresh, the solution become dilute and the precipitate present itself again. This matter is beyond doubt the mucine.

After the first report, we obtained new informations as to the larvae collected in the same waters as preceding paper, December, 1952. Larvae collected then were two, one was the intermediate prerhynchoteuthis's and the other was the post prerhynchoteuthis's. We found that the latter is distinctly the larva of "Surume-ika", because it has the first bud of tentacle hidden the mantle membrane and the round slit of the integument covering the eye., 長崎大学水産学部研究報告, v.1, pp.8-9; 1953

In May and June (1953) planktons collected at the coast of Sakibe, Sasebo Harbour were for the most part diatoms, and in November (the same year) ones gathered at the seaside of Negoto, Oomura Bay were practically Sagitta enflata Grassi. Each collection was alike very characteristic, and we made analysis the former as Diatom-group, and the letter as Sagitta-group. Diatom-group could be found that it held arginine, aspartic acid, alanine, valine, iso-leucine, galactose, glucose and what not. Sagitta-group contains arginine, aspartic acid, alanine, glutamine, glutamic acid, valine, leucine, iso-leucine and etc. All things taken togther, plankton-collecting has a disadvantage difficult to gather in quantity therefore our result of determination are apt to become ambiguons. Mr. Kazuo Tanaka collected Sagittagroup in earnest. We express our gratitude to him., 1.佐世保港の崎辺海岸で採集した(昭和二十八年五月六日)Diatom-groupの構成物質をPaper-chromatographyで検出した処Arginine,Aspartic acid,Alanineと極微量のValine,Isoleucine並にCarbohydrateのGalactose,Glucoseが検出出來た。Carbohydrateは特徴的なもので他にも確認こそ出來なかつたが二、三種類のものがあるらしく思へる。Amino-acids中ではAspartic acidが最も顕著に存在するものと認められる。 2.大村湾の音琴海岸で採集した(同年十一月)Sagitta-groupにはArginine,Aspartic acid,Alanine,Glutamine,Glutamic acid,Valine,Leucine,Iso-leucine等が検出出來た。このgroupはその特徴がCopepoda groupに似てGlutamic acid次にはAspartic acidが顕著に検出出來た。3.Mineralはどれにも見出せなかつた。

We can ascertained that the fresh fish, dried fish and salted fish contained also copper and zinc by dint of analysis of paper chromatography., 長崎県下に産するマイワシとウルメイワシの筋肉にCuとZnとが含有せられることを認めた又それ等の乾製品や塩蔵品からもCuとZnとを検出した。, 長崎大学水産学部研究報告, v.1, pp.60-61; 1953

This paper deals whith the results of invetigations on the pathogen of leaf spot of pine seedling and its physiological and pathological studies. Macrophoma pini-densiflorae SAWADA, Pesta-lotia shiraiana P. HENN. and phoma sp. were isolated from the diseased pine leaves. The optimum temperature and hydrogenion concentration for a germination of pycno-spore seemed to lie at aproximately 20℃ and pH 4.2 in Macropohoma, and 25℃, pH 6.4 in Petalotia, respectively. The germination of pycnospores of Macrophoma and Pestalotia in the pine leaf decoction was promoted than in distilled water. The optimum conditions of mycelial growth of Macrophoma were at 25℃, pH 4.0 and of Pestalotia at 25℃, pH 3.0-5.8. Favorite growth of both fungi was observed in Saito's soy souce agar medium. The pathogenicity of Macrophoma was recognized on the pine seedlings but no pathogenicity of Pestalotia was observed on them except of artificially wounded ones.

This paper deals with the preliminary experiments on the relation between the ATPase activity of potatoes and hypersensitivity of potatoes to the invasion of Phytophthora infestans. Zoospores of Phytophthora infestans (Race. 0) were inoeulated on the leaves of resistant interspecific hybrid 41089-8 and Kennebec and susceptible Norin No. 1. ATPase activity was examined by the histochemical procedure and by the quantitative analyses of the inorganic P in potatoes inoculated with both compatible and incompatible races of Phytophthora infestans. The raising of ATPase activity was recognized in potatoes of interspecific hybrid which have non-affinity to the invasion of definite race of Phytophthora infestans. From these results, the hypersensitivity seems to have some connection with the ATPase activity in the suscept.

This paper deals with the variation of water quality between upand downstream ponds in relation to their food trout production. The major part of the present investigations was conducted in the trout farms at Otomi Village, Yamagata Pref. in 1955 and 1956. Although they have produced rainbow trout at a rate of 150 tons per cubic meter per second of water flow annually, their production is considered to be nearly the maximum limit, because the more the ponds were located down stream, the more a time lag in production appeared and the lower the efficiency of production per unit of pond area became. The results of water analyses showed that while the water used flows down through the ponds, there are considerable decrease in dissolved oxygen, accompanied with the reduction of pH values, and increases in free carbon dioxide, ammonium- and nitrite nitrogen, phosphates, suspended volatile matters and alkalinity. Under the conditions where the dissolved oxygen content was reduced to 3cc/l the behavior of "surfacing" of trout was often observed, their feeding activity during the daytime being restricted. Further, under such environment, especially in downstream ponds, the blood corpuscle resistance of trout is observed to be decreased. In the case where the ample oxygen was present, however, even when 0.5mg of ammonium nitrogen per litre was present together, there was no difference in the blood resistance of trout between up- and downstream ponds. As a result, it can be said that the major factor involved in water qualities in relatlon to the trout production is dissolved oxygen and its content should be maintained more than 3cc/l. The rainbow trout fingerlings in their growing stages consume 230cc of oxygen, excreting 17mg of ammonium nitrogen and 2.7meq of some substances which increase alkalinity in water, per kg of body weight an hour. Therefore, in anticipation of a possible relationship between the oxygen consumption and the rates of excretion, it was presumed that these relations might be available for the evaluation of environment of trout ponds. Thus, in the trout farms where the ponds were arranged in series and where trout were heavily raised, the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen of water was observed at a rate of 0.1mg per 1cc decrease of dissolved oxygen. This value is approximate to 0.075mg which is determined in an experiment. On occasions in which the rate of accumulation of nitrogen per unit desease in oxygen might be higher than 0.1mg, some considerations should be given to the water changing rate in ponds; their sanitation and the inflow of water containing nitrogenous substances., この研究では食用マスの生産を限定する養魚用水の水質変動に関して検討を行なった.主な調査を行なった1955/56年の山形県大富村の養魚池では,上下流に互って川水を反復利用し毎秒1㎥の水量当り年間150tonの食用マスを生産していたが,当時の生産量は,下流池ほど出荷ピークの遅れと池面積当りの生産率の低下が認められたことから,生産限界に近い値と推定された. 養魚用水の水質を分析した結果,下流池では,pH,溶存酸素量の低下があり,遊離炭酸,アンモニウム塩,亜硝酸塩,燐酸塩,揮散物,及びアルカリ度の増加が認められた.溶存酸素量が3cc/lに減少すると養殖魚の慢性的鼻あげがみられ投餌が制限される.下流池ではしばしばこの現象が観察された.このような環境の悪化は魚の赤血球抵抗力を減少せしめるが,酸素量が多い場合には0.5mg/lのアンモニウム窒素が共存しても上下流池の魚の抵抗力には差が認められなかった.食用マス生産の水質要因として重要なのは溶存酸素であり,この許容量は3cc/l以上と推定した. 成育期の投餌されているニジマスはkg体重,1時間当り酸素230ccを消費し,アンモニウム窒素17mg,アルカリ度増加成分2.7meqを排泄する.これらの排泄量は呼吸活動と一定の関係にあると考えられ,この関係を用いて養魚池の環境評価を行なうことができる.連続して池が配列され集約的に食用魚を生産している養魚場では,池水の溶存酸素1ccの減少につき0.1mgのアンモニウム窒素の増加がみられた.一般に養鱒が成立する限りでは,池水のアンモニウム窒素量が0.5mg/lをこえることはまれであろう.単位酸素の減少に対するアンモニウム窒素の蓄積率が0.1mg以上の場合には,魚以外の増加要因につき検討する必要があると考えられる., 長崎大学水産学部研究報告, v.17, pp.68-82; 1964

1 . This paper deals with the presence of brown blight fungus in tea plants and the results of experiments on the hot water treatment of the seeds of tea plants as one of the control measures. 2 . Guigardia fungus was isolated from every part i. e. leaves, branches, sprouts, fruit receptacles, ete. of tea plants which were regarded as healthy. Besides this fungus, Fusarium and other fungi were isolated from them. 3 . The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth and spore germination lies at 25-35℃. The lethal temperatures of spores lies at 50℃ for 40 minutes and of the mycelia lies at 50℃ for 20 minutes. 4 . Causal fungi were isolated from the seeds of tea plant treated with hot water for 30 minutes at 53℃, but not in higher temperatures than 55℃. The germination of the seeds was slightly inhibited by means of hot water treatment at 58℃ for 10 minutes. These results might show the possibility of controlling the brown blight with hot water at 53℃ for 10 minutes.

This paper deals with the results of investigations on Tulip viruses, with special reference to tulip plants infected with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Judging from the artificial inoculations of CMV which was isolated from Cucumis sativus and Raphanus sativus, tulip plants might have a possibility of becoming the suscept of the virus. Tulip plants which were inoculated with CMV before planting tubers showed purplish-red color on the leaf-tip after the growing of plant height was about 10mm. The symptoms of tulip plants infected with CMV may be grouped into three different types. And these symptoms were clearly discriminated from those of TV infectd ones. Cucumber mosaic virus induced the low yield of tulip bulbs. Petals infected with CMV showed pale pink color. The cucumber mosaic virus of these investigations may be identified as Cucumber Virus I (Brielley) or Ordinaly strain of CMV(Hidaka et al). By an artificial inoculations, CMV and TV checked the growth and bulb yield of tulip plants. This tendency was remarkable in the case of CMV. By means of serological investigations, distinct difference was proved between the tulip bulbs infected with TV and other bulbs (healthy bulbs and those infected with CMV). However, further investigations may be required on the difference between the healthy bulbs and CMV infected ones.