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This study focuses on a comparison of two sets of in-depth, face-to-face interviews among Romanians living in Poland about their perceptions of the country and society, and their migrant experiences. The interviews were conducted five years apart, using the same guide, but carried out by Polish interviewers in the first case, and by a Romanian interviewer in the second. Comparative analysis of the material gained in this process reveals that, despite similar content in interviewee responses, the standing of the interviewer was by no means neutral. Crucial for the volume, type, and nature of the collected data – as well as for its interpretation – is the interviewer’s identity. In this regard, the study draws on Michael’s Herzfeld’s concept of ‘cultural intimacy’ to explain the mutual reproduction of different levels of identity and to develop a framework for analyzing the interaction between the social scientists and their interlocutors.

Thanks to current national investigations, research applied to libraries in Italy has an unprecedented amount of data from which are emerging new complex issues and some worrying contradictions. In this framework lies the need to design structured in-depth investigations using innovative interpretative tools. Following an interdisciplinary approach, the article therefore proposes a methodological reflection on the opportunities offered by the integration between geographical knowledge and librarianship. Starting from the comparison between the main application purposes of GIS technology (Geographic Information System) adopted so far, both nationally and internationally, with some new experiments conducted in recent years, the contribution intends to present the potential of a method geographical gis-based for the interpretation of the relationships that link libraries to their context of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century artist biographers documented the mobility of early modern Netherlandish artists. Yet, research into the movements of Dutch and Flemish artists still fails to capture the full significance of this essential aspect of the artistic profession. This article presents a novel approach to artist mobility, by applying Michael Baxandall's interpretation of the artwork as “a solution to a problem” to a selection of artworks by Northern artists in late-sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Naples. By analyzing itinerant artists’ abilities to solve the challenges they faced as foreigners in the Spanish Viceroyalty, this study offers new insights into their creativity.

This research proposes the use of laser scanners to analyse the conditions and characteristics of transit spaces in the vicinity of hospitals, from the perspective of universal accessibility and the integration of vulnerable people. To this end, we use the Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias (Alcalá de Henares, Madrid) as a case study and we continue previous research consisting of the detection of the most important routes that occur in its urban environment and which have served to locate the most stressed spaces in which to develop this work. Through the use of the scanner and its treatment by means of different applied software, we developed a methodological process that allows us to treat, analyse and expose the problems detected in these spaces. With this, we can point out and manage different layers of information that are especially relevant from the accessibility point of view, such as changes in pavement, its width, ramp slopes, lighting, vegetation, etc., all with the precision offered by this digitalisation tool. Likewise, the graphic apparatus developed allows the results to be displayed in an inclusive way to facilitate their understanding by all users, regardless of their training; all of which contributes to facilitating possible actions to improve the accessibility of hospital environments.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.32.2024.2

Copyright of Journal of Constitutional History / Giornale di Storia Costituzionale is the property of Giornale di Storia Costituzionale (Journal of Constitutional History) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thanks to current national investigations, research applied to libraries in Italy has an unprecedented amount of data from which are emerging new complex issues and some worrying contradictions. In this framework lies the need to design structured in-depth investigations using innovative interpretative tools. Following an interdisciplinary approach, the article therefore proposes a methodological reflection on the opportunities offered by the integration between geographical knowledge and librarianship. Starting from the comparison between the main application purposes of GIS technology (Geographic Information System) adopted so far, both nationally and internationally, with some new experiments conducted in recent years, the contribution intends to present the potential of a method geographical gis-based for the interpretation of the relationships that link libraries to their context of action.

Vigur Island, situated in Iceland’s Westfjords, is renowned for its diverse avian species, such as Atlantic Puffins and Black Guillemots, and its marine inhabitants including Harbour and Grey Seals. Despite its openness to tourism, the island is a subject of ongoing conservation efforts. This opinion paper argues for a more holistic approach to research on the island, highlighting the complex interplay between human activity and the island’s ecosystem. It critiques the current, often narrow, research methodologies that fail to fully account for the intricate relationships between species and their environment. The paper calls for a re-evaluation of habitat classification to incorporate the significant impact of avian populations and stresses the importance of adhering to Icelandic laws that mandate minimal disturbance to wildlife. With seasonal closures and careful management practices like eiderdown collection, Vigur Island serves as a model for balancing human interests with ecological integrity. This opinion advocates for adaptable, comprehensive research strategies that, while illustrated through the case of Vigur, should be applied universally, urging scientists to embrace broader perspectives in environmental studies globally.

In this article, we present some of the problems of defining, measuring, interpreting, and citing the effects that viewing internet pornography and on-line sexuality have on different populations in today’s broadband-connected world. We describe numerous negative consequences of this behavior and related problems in personal and interpersonal functioning. Follows a methodological and substantive analysis of eight often cited studies which are said to confirm the positive effects of pornography. The results of the analysis show that only one study, which summarizes the opinions and behavior of a part of the younger, self--selected student population, fits this description, while most of the other studies confirm the opposite effects. The results are interpreted in the light of understanding the internet pornography use as a process that begins with accepting deceptive presentation of sexuality and often ends with addiction.

Dot maps are a type of representation of absolute and aggregated population quantities presented in a disaggregated form, with a planimetric/geometric and graphic point layout. While several such maps are developed, the proposed Dot Cartogram (also known as le cartogramme par points in french) is a new map belonging to the graphic cartograms and resulting from the articulation between three Dot Map: the Proportional Dot Map, the Dot Density Map (Montizon, 1830) and the Dorling’ circular cartogram of population (Dorling, 1996). The Dot Cartogram renews the cartographic image of the Dotmap in two directions: firstly, in terms of the perceived patterns, which is likely to vary according to several parameters; secondly, the steps to which it is subject. Our introduction of the Dot Cartogram is carried out on different static or interactive, executable and reproducible media. Its definition is complete by an application achieved on two data sets examined in parallel: population data and the gross domestic product of the countries of the world, both observed from 1950 to 2018.

The article explores the use of the “ChatGPT” artificial intelligence language model in the Human Sciences field. ChatGPT uses natural language processing techniques to imitate human language and engage in artificial conversations. While the platform has gained attention from the scientific community, opinions on its usage are divided. The article presents some conversations with ChatGPT to examine ethical, relational and linguistic issues related to human-computer interaction (HCI) and assess its potential for Human Sciences research. The interaction with the platform recalls the “uncanny valley” phenomenon still known to Social Robotics. While ChatGPT can be beneficial, it requires proper supervision and verification of its results. Furthermore, new research methods must be developed for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(1), 317-322 | Dialogue | (Abstract) The relationship between EU law and the ECHR has undergone significant changes in recent decades. The EU has developed its own Charter of Fundamental Rights, gained powers to promote specific fundamental rights, and negotiations for EU accession to the ECHR are ongoing. These evolving parameters strengthen the interactions between the EU and the ECHR. To ensure the coherence and harmony of the European architecture of fundamental rights, the ECJ and the ECtHR are required to articulate their legal systems. In the post-Charter era, the ECtHR has displayed increasing openness to EU law. Conversely, the ECJ has shown a trend towards “Charter centrism”. This special Dialogue section examines the ECJ's use of ECHR and ECtHR case law in the post-Charter era and the factors contributing to the “Charter centrism” trend. Scholars Romain Tinière and Johan Callewaert present distinct yet complementary perspectives on the topic. Tinière delves into the internal dynamics of the ECJ’s use of the ECHR, while Callewaert provides an external viewpoint from the standpoint of national judges. Even if the EU successfully accedes to the ECHR, the interaction between the ECJ and the ECtHR will remain crucial for upholding fundamental rights in Europe. While recognizing the ECJ's need to develop its own approach to fundamental rights in specific contexts, maintaining consistency and methodological rigor in articulating the two sources of fundamental rights protection is essential for enhancing legal certainty.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(1), 331-347 | Dialogue | (Table of Contents) I. Convention Control Over the Application of Union Law by Domestic Courts. – I.1 The principle. – I.2 Applications. – II. The Case for a Wholistic Approach to Fundamental Rights – State of the Play. – II.1 The European Court of Human Rights. – II.2 The Court of Justice of the European Union. – III. Conclusion. | (Abstract) Legal acts performed by EU Member States applying Union law come within the scope of the Convention and can give rise to adjudication by the ECtHR. A long series of judgments illustrate the ECtHR’s approach regarding the application of Union law by the courts of EU Member States. The Convention and Union law are not two autonomous systems separated by a watertight fence. Both European Courts should therefore adopt a wholistic approach in this area, because only a wholistic view takes full account of the legal reality which is one of interaction and intertwining. The ECtHR makes abundant use of EU law sources, thereby always explicitly referring to them. Three different categories of cases can be identified in how the CJEU goes about the Convention in its case-law.

This article presents the results of a research aimed at finding out how Italian (Sicily) teachers perceive the teaching of history at the upper secondary level. The study was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire that was completed by 96 practising teachers. The research has an educational diagnostic purpose and is based on a quantitative approach. Descriptive (frequencies) and inferential (non-parametric tests) analyses were carried out to determine whether there are differences between the sexes. The results indicate there are significant differences in the teaching staff according to gender, with men generally showing a perception of history teaching that is close to traditional models (master class and textbook). The main difficulties reported by teachers are methodological in nature, as well as excessive content syllabi and high student/class ratios. The study concludes that there is a need to promote teacher training in active methods and strategies for teaching history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article arises from the need to understand and analyze how heritage is taught in secondary schools in Italy. The aim of the research is educational diagnosis and the methodology applied is quantitative, based on the completion of a questionnaire to active teachers. This information collection tool was designed and validated taking into account the objective of this study. This is a non-probabilistic study based on a convenience sample (n=122) of teachers who teach or have taught the subject of History in the region of Agrigento (southern Italy) at secondary school level, during the academic year 2020/2021. The descriptive and inferential analyses carried out show that heritage teaching in the region of Agrigento (Sicily) is traditional and based on the textbook and the master class. The use of more innovative and active strategies and resources is more frequent among women and teachers in the 31-40 age group. It is concluded that there is a need to improve the methodological training of teachers, to ensure a more active and innovative heritage teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cenacolo community is a Catholic association whose mission is to help people overcome addiction. It originated as a grassroots movement in 1983. by sister Elvira Petrozzi and has over 50 houses worldwide, with headquarters in Italy. Over the years, the community has become known as a place where people change their addictive habits through work and prayer, by living together for an extended period of three years on average. To understand how the method works, we analysed 49 testimonials of former addicts who, at the time of giving testimony, were members of the community. What emerged from the research is that, besides work and prayer, the central motivation for the former addicts to complete the programme, is friendship. This was not clear from the outset, but gradually emerged through the application of the grounded theory. Grounded theory is the methodology developed by sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss. It allows the researcher to extract the main features of the studied reality by giving voice to the participants in the first place. Grounded theory has rarely been used in theology, and this research is one of the few done so far in the theological realm. The results show that, while work and prayer have a certain importance, the former addicts find friendship to be the main force which helps them to change their habits and start a new life.

Copyright of L'Infermiere is the property of IPASVI - Italian Nursing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The recognition of the key role of architectural heritage for sustainable territorial development has pushed the scientific community to give more importance to the involvement of local communities in conservation choices and practices. However, despite the recognition of the benefits deriving from the active participation of local communities in the field of conservation, in practice, this involvement is still marginal and linked to experiences without institutional support. This phenomenon is due to different causes, such as the lack of a participatory culture in conservation. It finds its roots in a conventional approach to architectural heritage conservation merely based on an “expert knowledge”. Consequently, there is an urgent need for approaches and tools to manage the complexity of decisions about conservation, which require close collaboration between local communities, research, and institutions. In this context, the paper aims to investigate the role of the action-research approach in fostering the participation of local communities in conservation processes, especially in marginal areas, where the demographic shrinking dynamics make even more necessary both the institutions’ intervention and the communities’ engagement. Based on these premises, starting from an analysis of recent experiences, the contribution dwells on the need to support the implementation of action-research approaches for the conservation of architectural heritage in marginal areas, paying particular attention to the role of evaluation. More in detail, in the first part of the paper, a reflection on the importance of community involvement for heritage conservation is proposed based on the main documents on the topic. In the second part, the main features of the action-research approach and its strengths and weaknesses have been analyzed through a literature review of action-research experiences applied to architectural heritage at a global level. The analyses have highlighted how most of these experiences are born from spontaneous initiatives, without institutional and methodological support, in which the role of evaluation is still marginal. Therefore, in the final part, the paper proposes a first methodological framework based on integrating action research with the main evaluation tools developed in the scientific literature to support the different phases of the decision-making process. This framework, suitably declined according to the specificities of the case study treated, can represent a valid support for implementing and transposing the research-action approach for heritage conservation in an institutional context. Il riconoscimento del ruolo chiave del patrimonio architettonico per uno sviluppo territoriale sostenibile ha spinto la comunità scientifica ad attribuire maggiore importanza al coinvolgimento delle comunità locali nelle scelte e pratiche di conservazione. Tuttavia, nonostante il riconoscimento dei benefici derivanti dalla partecipazione attiva delle comunità locali in ambito conservativo, nella pratica tale coinvolgimento risulta ancora marginale e legato ad esperienze prive di supporto istituzionale. Tale fenomeno è ascrivibile a molteplici cause, tra cui la mancanza di una cultura della partecipazione, che affonda le sue radici nell’approccio convenzionale alla conservazione del patrimonio architettonico basato sulla sola “conoscenza esperta”, e la conseguente carenza di approcci e strumenti capaci di gestire la complessità delle scelte legate alla conservazione in cui, invece, si richiede una stretta collaborazione tra comunità locali, mondo della ricerca e istituzioni. Il presente contributo mira ad indagare il ruolo dell’approccio della ricerca azione nel favorire la partecipazione delle comunità locali ai processi di conservazione soprattutto nelle aree marginali, dove le dinamiche di contra- zione demografica in atto rendono ancora più necessario sia l’intervento delle istituzioni, che la partecipazione delle comunità. Sulla scorta di tali premesse, partendo da un’analisi delle esperienze in corso, il contributo si sofferma sulla necessità di supportare l’implementazione di approcci alla ricerca-azione per la conservazione del patrimonio architettonico in aree marginali, ponendo parti- colare attenzione al ruolo della valutazione per il raggiungimento di tale obiettivo. Nello specifico, nella prima parte del contributo si propone una riflessione sull’importanza del coinvolgimento delle comunità per la conservazione del patrimonio sulla base delle principali carte e trattati sul tema. Nella seconda parte sono state, poi, analizzate le principali caratteristiche dell’approccio alla ricerca-azione ed i suoi punti di forze e di debolezza rispetto alle finalità preposte attraverso una literature review delle esperienze di ricerca azione applicate al patrimonio architettonico a livello globale. Le analisi condotte hanno portato ad evidenziare come la maggior parte delle esperienze analizzate nasca da iniziative spontanee, prive di un supporto istituzionale e metodologico, in cui il ruolo della valutazione è ancora marginale. Pertanto, nella parte finale della riflessione si propone una prima proposta di framework metodologico basato sul- l’integrazione della ricerca azione con i principali strumenti di valutazione sviluppati in letteratura al fine di supportare le differenti fasi del processo decisionale. Tale framework, opportunamente declinato secondo le specificità del caso studio trattato, può rappresentare un valido supporto per l’implementazione e la trasposizione in ambito istituzionale dell’approccio alla ricerca-azione per la conservazione del patrimonio.

In the last decades, the growing concern about land consumption, together with the awareness of cultural heritage's role for sustainable development, has led to paying greater attention to cultural properties reuse. However, the complexity embedded in reuse choices calls for proper tools that, relying on a deep knowledge of the asset understudy, can support the design and evaluation of suitable alternatives. Furthermore, as the official documents in the conservation field suggest, this complexity requires considering the social dimension of heritage reuse as a crucial factor in the decision domain. Based on these premises, the paper aims at investigating the reuse issue by focusing on its social dimension through a comprehensive approach, integrating a theoretical and methodological perspective. It moves from theoretical reflections, grounding on the conservation debate, about architectural heritage reuse social dimension. These reflections serve as a lens to analyze the different methodologies set in the evaluation field to assess alternatives for reuse projects by giving prominence to their social impact. Then, the previous reflections are better focused through a case study, identified in choosing the most suitable reuse alternative for the "Ritiro del Carmine" Monastery in the Campania Region. Finally, the implications of such an integrated approach are discussed by highlighting its strategic role in heritage conservation decisions and its room for improvement.

Book review Max Kemman, Trading Zones of Digital History

In the target article of this review, the reflections of Antonietti, Borgatti, and Giorgetti meet a scientific and clinical unease that for years has been confronted with methodological prejudices, inexplicable tendencies that lead to misunderstandings, and the publication of dubious articles or tests. Here we make a proposal with the intention of curbing, at least in part, these tendencies. This proposal, which uses functional neurophysiological knowledge and formal logic to support methodological constraints, is articulated in a number of points. 1) Reflection on the interpretative risks of diagnoses and research results that rely completely on 'diagnostic labels' that can easily turn into stereotypes and ineffective tautological and circular explanations; 2) Need to revise neuro- cognitive models, including those concerning attentional executive functions, in light of recent studies on the neurophysiology of the brain networks that underlie them, in contrast to the outdated paradigms still widely practiced, often uncritically; 3) Founding logical-methodological principles of the constructs are proposed, highlighting the arbitrariness of choices and the uncertainty of isolated functions through abductive 'inverse inferences'. Such operations are confronted with the possibility of incurring at least three logical fallacies (anticipation of the consequent, negation of the antecedent, excess of analogy). This leads to possible infractions (duly analyzed and explained) that fall negatively on both clinical and research protocols (including interpretative discussions of results). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article identifies a novel challenge to standard understandings of responsibility practices, animated by experimental studies of biases and heuristics. It goes on to argue that this challenge illustrates a general methodological challenge for theorizing about responsibility. That is, it is difficult for a theory to give us both guidance in real world contexts and an account of the metaphysical and normative foundations of responsibility without treating wide swaths of ordinary practice as defective. The general upshot is that theories must either hew more closely to actual practice than they appear to, or they must provide some normative foundation for responsibility that does not go through actual practice.

Mark Solms' revision of the concept of drive represents the latest in a series of his indepth reviews of the most fundamental Freudian concepts. The movement of neuropsychoanalysis begun in 2000 with the first Congress focused precisely on a neuroscientific definition of affects and emotions. In 2013, Solms proposed a substantial and profound modification of Freud's structural model, motivating his theses which argue that the instinctual id can only be conscious. In the current paper, Solms (2021a) reaffirms and re-evaluates the centrality of drive theory in psychoanalysis and neuroscience as a starting point for understanding conscious and unconscious phenomena, in normality as well in pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present discussion of the multiplicity of sciences as against the unity of knowledge, sometimes the possibility of one super-science is advocated with a suggestion that all other scientific methods should be reduced to just one method of a one particular, usually natural science. Such reductionism often leads to disrespectful pronouncements at the address of all other sciences and their methods. This article advocates theological foundations for a multiplicity of scientific methods. Biblical ontology introduces a series of dualities called here, for the lack of a better word, “biblical graded dualism.” It is a system of asymmetrical dualities that give substance to the idea of the hierarchy of being. In the article an axiological view of reality is deduced that should facilitate a more respectful and fruitful debate among the sciences.

The paper addresses some methodological issues related to the linguistic study of empathy. Given the fact that empathic connections are both biological and cultural, I argue that some messages are more likely to trigger an empathic reaction according to the personal background of the analyst. In this regard, the concept of reflexivity, understood as an overlooking exam of the possible influences of one’s subjectivity in research practices (due to social and personal factors), is worth being considered. The study aims to verify this hypothesis and to question the role and place of subjectivity while researching discursive matters by analyzing two posters from two different social campaigns, one against sexual harassment and the other against smoking. The linguistic analysis shows that the application of linguistic criteria and discursive concepts (deixis, linguistic construction of points of view) enables to identify the use of the same strategies in meaning construction, regardless the higher sensibility we can have towards sexual harassment which may facilitate the decoding of the empathic communication strategy. In conclusion, when subjectivity is contextualized within a specific theoretical frame and opened to comparison with other data, it may become a useful tool in exploring corpora and therefore provide meaningful insights without undermining the rigorousness of the analysis.

Seeing things as if it was the first time: this possibility opens up when we adopt a distant gaze, we operate an estrangement, a disorientation. "We are all disoriented in relation to something or someone," wrote Carlo Ginzburg, inviting us to reflect on the cognitive and ethical potential of an estranged gaze. Starting from the recent re-edition of Ginzburg's pivotal essay on distance, in this interview, Sergia Adamo talks with the author and Gian Paolo Gri, an anthropologist and a scholar of traditional and popular knowledge. The interview was carried out in Udine, on July, 3rd 2021, during the Vicino/Lontano festival. The video of the interview can be found on Youtube. The event was organized in collaboration with the "Straniamenti" research group of the Department of Humanities of the University of Trieste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the possible creation of a replicable methodology based on interoperable models through which to generate strategies of connection and understanding of the architectural heritage, in this brief dissertation of lighthouses, present in the Mediterranean basin. This geographical space presents itself as the ideal place to experiment with new methodologies, approaches and models: a test field defined by a concentration of unprecedented events, by introspective coastline, a place flooded with smells, layered by cultural networks and connected by infinite meanings. The lighthouses, architectures with a high historical identity, although today they have maintained a high symbolic and identity value, in many cases, no longer see their use as a dwelling, causing the sudden and inexorable transformation of the buildings into relics of history, fragments of memory now gone.It is in this context that the BIM application aimed at the built historical heritage is inserted, starting from the cataloging of the artifacts up to their use and enhancement. With the semanticization of the compositional characteristics of the building, through the identification of replicable and non-replicable variables, it will be possible to create a typological catalog that allows a simpler modeling of the lighthouses and therefore a more immediate project of restoration, reuse or fruition. The methodology follows a top-down approach, making it possible to use it for all types of built historical heritage.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.26.2021.11

This article intends to reflect about the study of the city taking as a reference Ijuí, a small city in the south of Brazil. It presents methodological possibilities to study the city and its history specially using photographs from the collection of the Museu Antropológico Diretor Pestana and from two plastic artists whose work portrays the same region in the city. First, it pursues the study of the city. Then, the study of the city of Ijuí through history and images. Both the photographs and the images refer to different time periods, making it possible for the students from basic education to university to know the history of the city so they can take their place in it - or not.

L’articolo propone una riflessione sullo statuto attuale della comparatistica letteraria, osservata attraverso il nesso tra tradizione e metamorfosi che caratterizza quest’area di studi anche dal punto di vista internazionale. A tale scopo sono presi in esame alcuni apporti recenti alla tradizione di studi metodologici dedicati alla disciplina, funzionali ad una proposta di riorientamento critico delle sue premesse e finalità.__This article reflects upon the current status of Comparative Literature studies, by focusing on the link between the tradition and the metamorphosis that characterizes this field of research – also from an international point of view. For this purpose, some recent contributions to the tradition of methodological studies dedicated to the discipline are examined. They will prove functional to a proposal of critical reorientation of its premises and purposes.

Political ecology debate reshaped the relationship between the two subjects assumed to be fundamental in human geography, man and nature, and criticised their scientific status. Feminist political ecology and decolonial debate adopted a different perspective on the subjectivities that inhabit human communities. Political ecology recent debate suggest that the role of geographical knowledge in the construction of social hierarchies has to be reconsidered. In this framework, nature as a political project, could be analysed restructuring the methods of geographical research. In the recent re-elaboration of post-Marxist political ecology and world-ecology, for instance the new methods of investigation are related to the study of internal contradictions and social conflicts. The article suggests to consider the fundamental contradiction between capital and living being as a principle of general analysis of the relationship between human communities and biomes and as the core of the construction of a method of geographical analysis.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2020 5(1), 279-282 | Dialogue | (Abstract) In a recent Article published in this Journal, Gareth Davies draws a parallel between European citizens as fashioned by EU law and pre-war Europe's Jews (G. Davies, How Citizenship Divides: The New Legal Class of Transnational Europeans, in European Papers, Vol. 4, 2019, No 3, www.europeanpapers.eu, p. 675 et seq.). This parallel raises two serious issues. One is the complete lack of contextualisation of such a dubious comparison. The other is the lack of careful methodological engagement with the ways in which EU law operates in actual practice. This note cautions against the use of such parallels and calls for the development of renewed categories to analyse and critically assess the European Union and its law.

Abstract The concepts of migration and mobility clearly intersect, but they are not synonyms. While migration by definition entails mobility, migration studies has privileged studying other aspects of the migratory process. This article analyzes migratory (im)mobilities and methodologies to study them and it critically reflects on the usefulness of mobility studies as an analytical lens to study human migration. Lack of empirical data suggests that we need more systematic comparative studies of how migratory mobilities are generated in everyday life and facilitated as well as constrained by specific mobility circuits and institutions.

It has now been more than a year since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, despite the colossal and unprecedented scientific effort that has been put into it, many claims are still opaque, and many issues must be solved. Among these, one deserves the attention of philosophers of science: the scientific controversy about the theories of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In this short paper, I analyze the debate between the droplet theory and the airborne theory of viral transmission. I argue that the acceptance of the droplet theory has been due to the philosophical commitments of the dominant scientific actors to a specific theory of evidence, which has become dominant in western democracies, and to a specific set of non-epistemic values, rather than to scientific considerations alone.

This article has the aim of informing the reader about methodology and production of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) and the instruments in order to be able to approach the whole process, from the production to the publication and distribution, but also to updated CPG. The importance of the issue is given by: 1) the need to avoid the CPG duplication, which is the reason of waste of resources and that raises confusion among users; 2) the need to ensure the independence of the experts involved and without conflict of interests; 3) the use of methodologies that respect the best quality standards; 4) the inhomogeneity of healthcare processes in the Italian territory and practices not based on scientific evidences; 5) the consultation and the commentary of stakeholders on the recommendations produced.

The essay reconstructs the historical path that leads Rosmini to accept Galileo's Method: the method of observing facts. Rosmini's philosophical research followed this method, later seen by Rosmini himself as the Italian Method. This perspective has had important and lasting developments in the pedagogical and educational fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although incomparably richer than it has ever been before, ours is still a world of tremendous deprivation and disturbing inequality. In addition to being composite and irregular, inequality is also "slippery", both due to the multiplicity of terrains, often inaccessible and unknown in which it is born, and the way it evolves and is perceived. In this work, starting from the images of the national photography competition promoted in 2017 by the NGO Oxfam Italia, those same inequalities made up of numbers and percentages are "brought into focus" through the approach of visual sociology. The interpretative analysis carried out on the images has provided elements to go beyond the external datum, offering the possibility to advance, through a work of perceptual organization, classification, interpretation and attribution of meanings, to the discovery and explanation of the deeper meaning of inequalities. What will emerge will be a multidimensional imaginary, consisting not only of poverty and marginalization but also of indifference, loneliness and vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a case for how scholarship on popular film and television can potentially be inspired by the methodological writings of intellectual historian Quentin Skinner. While Skinner’s approach is canonical in the field of intellectual history, his thoughts on textual analysis have rarely been applied to material other than philosophical treatises and that article shows that Skinner’s thoughts on texts are applicable to studying television serials. The paper further suggests that intellectual historian Mikkel Thorup’s work is useful for pondering the challenges of contextualist readings of television serials and that Skinner and Thorup’s work provide useful ways of analyzing how politically charged television serials like those of David Simon take issue with discursive and social realities in an American context.

The ongoing debate about the relation between the theory and the practice of translation is the point of departure for the empirical analysis of the role of theoretical modules within translation degree programmes, taking into consideration both the students' point of view and the module descriptions of subjects focusing on translation theory. On the one hand, a thorough review of the module descriptions reveals some mismatches between the content of the respective subjects and students' interests and needs. On the other hand, a contrastive analysis between students' initial ideas and their informed opinion after completing a module on Translation Theory brings about significant changes in their conception of theoretical aspects, at the same time reinforcing the awareness of the interconnection between theory and practice.

This article explores the process by which the Digitally Encoded Census Information and Mapping Archive (DECIMA) endeavoured to create a complete interactive 3D urban map of sixteenth-century Florence. Originally, the project consisted of a projection of tax census data from 1551, 1561 and 1632 onto an axonometric visual map from our period of inquiry drawn by Stefano Buonsignori in 1584 georeferenced onto a contemporary map of the city. Transforming this into a threedimensional projection was a means to display census information with greater precision. However, this process was fraught with project accessibility and methodological considerations. DECIMA is first and foremost a web-based open access platform for research on the early modern city. Scaling the web application up to three- dimensions risked jeopardizing user accessibility. Finding sources to create a historical city proved difficult since much is known about major historical structures while the rest of the city’s minor architectural heritage remains elusive. To resolve these issues, DECIMA researchers opted for a recreation of the city designed to match the visuals of Buonsignori’s map, preserving the framework already utilized in the original project while making the finished product an optional feature for users to ensure accessibility was preserved. Utilizing urban digital design software City Engine, the existing geographic information system was scaled up into a 3D environment enhancing the precision of the data projection and offering opportunities for further technological enhancements to the web application for more in-depth research on Florence’s historic urban community.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.21.2018.10

Worksheets have been regarded as one of the materials which characterize modern museums and their responsiveness towards educational needs of visitors. This didactic and mainly on words based tool gradually becomes a widely used museum service, a material demonstrating both the responsiveness towards visitors, and the competence of museum workers who are engaged in working with audience. Text is intended as a methodology capturing basic theoretical and mainly practical knowledge in the field of museum education, which might help in the process of creation of worksheets and their optimal didactic impact – the form and mainly the content.

The "clinical" method is one of the possible methodological choices for Pedagogy as a profession and as a research, for Social Sciences and for other sciences, as well as for the professions that refer to these sciences. It can also be called "casuistic and situational method", and it is an exclusive alternative to the statistical operational method, with a full community of scientific rigor and technical applicativeness. It consists in the consideration of the individual case and of the single person with all its specific symptomatic and phenomenal characteristics, through the mediation of the professional to a general case within the limited number of general cases whose corpus makes science, profession and scientific and professional community, and in obtaining the indications for the help and the service to whom the professional has addressed. A particular reflection is dedicated to the specific technique for the transition from the particular to the general through the mediation provided by the professional, that is through human mediation, according to a non-tautological technique known from ancient Greece with the name of "abduction" or "retroduction" "Ἐπιχείρημα” or “Reductio ad absurdum” by Zeno from Elea (489-430), or 'απαγωγή known to Aristoteles (384-322). The theme offers a precious opportunity for various reflections on the profession of pedagogist and on his practice: a profession that has recently had its legal recognition in Italy too.

Tracing the history of folk studies in Ukraine during the20th and 21st centuries, one can notice multiple changes in the naming of scientific disciplines: ethnography, ethnology, anthropology. It was neither a mechanical nor an aesthetic step: it was due to deep crises in the humanities and, consequently, to academic transformation processes. The transition from the self-name “ethnographer” to “ethnologist” took place in Ukraine in the 1990s and marked a break with the Soviet scientific methodology. The crisis in the Ukrainian ethnology in 2010s led to the emergence of a new scientific discipline: anthropology. Both events took the form of a “quiet revolution”. This can be explained by the lack of appropriate professional education: in Soviet times, neither ethnographers nor ethnologists were trained in Ukraine, and today there is no specialization as anthropologist in Ukrainian education. That is why new specialists appeared as a result of self-education and retraining from other scientific fields. This, in turn, led to a certain eclecticism of the research methodology in Ukraine.

This article focuses on the adoption of naturalized epistemology as a framework for the relative plausibility theory developed by Ron Allen. It questions both the distinctness of Allen’s way of theorizing from a common version of conceptual analysis and the compliance of relative plausibility theory with the “naturalistic” methodological requirement expressed by the “Results Continuity” thesis.

Professor Marcello Cesa-Bianchi produced a vast body of scientific work. In his almost seventy years of academic experience he studied a wide range of psychology topics. In his early working years, he mainly dealt with ageing, experimental methodology, psychometrics, and perception. Subsequently many other topics were the subject of deeper study. He was always particularly interested in ageing, until the end of his long academic and scientific life. This contribution, from a historical perspective, summarises and examines - in addition to the work relating to methodology, psychometrics and perception - the Professor's main publications on his studies and research on developmental psychology, on psychology and on medical psychology with a particular reference to the overall training of the doctor, as some of the most representative themes of his impressive scientific work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivio di Etnografia is the property of Pagina Societa Cooperativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the results of the first phase of an academic research project focusing on the creation of an embedded system of repertoires on Tuscany photographic history, from its origins to 1947. The applied methodology is based on the redefinition of information’s value and the photographic concepts of agent, event, and culture. The system is devised for the semantic web and is compatible with linked open data ontologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Constitutional History / Giornale di Storia Costituzionale is the property of Giornale di Storia Costituzionale (Journal of Constitutional History) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social design, as an expanding business line, covers a variety of approaches, methods and actors. This article attempts to develop the conditions and stages of its deployment, by listing the necessary elements for its elaboration on the one hand and by considering more precisely both ends and means on the other hand. These contextual elements useful for its production are exemplified by a project on home care for the elderly and disabled, called the Resource of Autonomy.

A number of interconnected scholarly publications discussing the phenomenon of the so-called sacred triangles have appeared lately. The authors who believe in the existence of this phenomenon argue that such triangles are based on a precisely determined value of the obliquity of the ecliptic. However, a detailed analysis of some of the key tenets discussed in their publications has revealed the gratuitous nature of this hypothesis, as well as its fundamentally unscientific character and the methodological flaws inherent in its overall development. Especially worrying is the falling into the pitfall of circular argumentation (circulus vitiosus) by the authors adhering to this hypothesis, their avoidance of any dialogue with relevant scholarly literature and their questionable understanding of fundamental phenomena upon which their hypothesis is built. A glaring example of the lattermost is the misunderstanding of the obliquity of the ecliptic on the part of the adherents of the so-called sacred triangles hypothesis.