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Equality is considered one of the pillars of the European Union. This article analyzes a number of EU texts with the aim of examining how equality relates to gender neutrality in language. More specifically, the study tries to verify if disregarding gender neutrality may be a form of discrimination and whether progress has been made in this area. The article also mentions the problem of reverse discrimination in language (as in Hebamme/ Entbindungspfleger), which found a positive solution in the Gesetz zur Reform der Hebammenausbildung und zur Änderung des Fünften Buches Sozialgesetzbuch. The road to linguistic equality is still long, and the significant role played by linguistic sensitivity is made even more complex by the need to apply language neutrality when referring to the LGBTI community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a world increasingly trying to erase past inequalities and discriminations, words must communicate intent as much as ideas. We live in politically correct cultures, where unspoken rules of respectability govern conduct in cross-cultural interactions, meaning interactions among people of different races, genders, or religions. Therefore, it is essential to use politically correct language to avoid offending the audience. Even if it is not intended, failing to do so can have devastating effects professionally and personally. As it is frequently seen in the media, writing or speaking without using politically correct or inclusive language can have a negative impact that proves impossible to take back, especially in today’s age of social media and online content sharing. Politically correct means expressing yourself using neutral, unbiased, and inoffensive language that does not degrade, demoralize, or discriminate against another person or group. Inclusive language considers all perspectives without exclusion, inferiority, or stereotyping. Conspicuous prejudice and discrimination in the workplace are far less acceptable today. Laws now protect traditionally underrepresented groups from flagrant discrimination in hiring and promotion, and political correctness has reset the standards for politeness and respect in people’s daily interactions. Yet, in spite of the progress mentioned, political correctness is an equivocal term. While it has helped many traditionally underrepresented employees to experience their workplace as more inclusive, the rules of political correctness can prevent employees from developing effective relationships across differences that might divide groups. The paper attempts to analyze the rise and enforcement of political correctness rules related to the ongoing economic processes in the new economy of the world. In this new economy, the organizational boundaries between states and firms become unclear and, apart from conceiving a new vocabulary able to express the changes the firms are undergoing, when speaking or writing, all members of the audience should be included and addressed using inclusive language.

The present article has for objective to analyze, through the criminal processes of slander and offense, some elements of the daily experience of some groups that inhabited in Juiz de Fora among the years of 1854 and 1941. Firstly, I tried to establish the social context in which the verbal conflicts happens and after, I analyzed the main themes of the verbal insults and the social uses of the offensive language. Secondly, I tried to rebuild some elements of the daily experience of the subordinate population, mainly some aspects related to the coexistence between landlord and tenant. Finally, I observed also some aspects of the operation of the local juridical apparel, analyzing mainly the relationship maintained between the local subordinate population and the justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay we will analyse the use of the word 'razza' (race) in the Italian legal language, by investigating a sample consisting of ancient and contemporary legal documents contained in law databases available on the ITTIG-CNR Web site. The meaning of this term has changed over time, adapting to the evolutions of societies. From an initial meaning referring to animals of the same species or to communities linked by lineage, the term has been used to define supposed homogeneous groups into which humanity would be divided, with often discriminating connotations. This term is still present, for example in Article 3 of Italy's Constitution and, alongside supporters of its elimination, there are prestigious scholars who postulate its maintenance precisely to avoid new discriminating tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]