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This contribution, without the presumption of outlining the guidelines of the field, aims to stimulate debate and discussion on the operational choices applied or applicable in different areas of Ancient topography investigations, with particular attention to the refinements of research, study methods, and tools used. All of this is achieved through the presentation of the case study of Aquinum, a Roman colony in South Latium, highlighting direct experiences conducted in the field to illustrate the strategic project and its corresponding results, avoiding abstract theorizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the territories occupied by France in sub-Saharan Africa in the 20th century, the colonial administration and justice were confronted with the problems connected to the treatment of the mental pathology of the native populations in a plurality of contexts that did not respond directly to health concerns, but rather to the need to guarantee colonial public order and the «prestige of the coloniser». This is the case of a series of revolt movements «politico-religious», which opposed the French presence between the 1920s and 1930s. Orchestrated by charismatic personalities, endowed with a strong influence on the local populations, these phenomena constitute a particularly interesting observatory to interrogate one of the different approaches of colonial law towards madness, a term that recurs frequently in the archival documentation related to the repression of these movements. How does the question of mental derangement emerge in the discourse and practices of colonial law? Is it possible to hypothesise that move-ments of revolt and dissent acted as a catalyst for some of the issues related to mental pathology and its treatment? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wanting (2008), a moving novel by the Tasmanian writer Richard Flanagan, is a stern and provocative condemnation of what the author defines as "the catastrophe of colonialism". The antipodean imperial adventure has, on the one hand, permanently affected the aboriginal people destroying their civilization and culture, while, on the other hand, has influenced the process of identity construction of a country which is still struggling to free itself from the national legend and its founding myths. The article examines the innovative features of this 'neo-Victorian' text (an inadequate definition to represent its complexity and originality) which subverts the traditional genre of the historical novel in order to explore, through postmodern writing strategies, reworked to serve the writer's postcolonial project, the "overlapping territories, intertwined histories" (Said 1993) generated by colonial expansion. Connecting stories which embrace the new and the old world, Flanagan questions the official version of the peaceful white settlement in Van Diemen's Land and the myth of the "grand destinies and progressive hopes" of Victorian society, while reflecting on the power of words and on the responsibility of creative writing. Thanks to his delicate and participated work of rediscovery and rewriting of the past, which takes shape throughout the pages of the novel, Flanagan leads the reader towards a form of understanding and "empathic knowledge" (LaCapra 2014) aimed at urging the assumption of a shared responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novella inspired by a true story, Xavier de Maistre's Le lépreux de la cité d'Aoste (1811) had a considerable influence throughout the 19th century, from Romanticism to Aestheticism. In their tales, Flaubert, Villiers, and Schwob deal with the biblical motif of leprosy, which affects excluded and isolated characters in closed spaces, be they social outcasts or fallen aristocrats. Their towers, castles, or huts are modern versions of the old leprosaria. I propose here a socio-cultural reading of this corpus, within the framework of the counter-revolutionary and anti-modern currents of 19th century France. The seclusion of the contagious patient and the difficulties of intersubjective communication refer to the impossibility for anti-bourgeois authors of finding their place in a new cultural and economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore the historical approaches of the exiled Jesuit Mariano Llorente (1752-1816). For this analysis, I deepen vision of the Spanish colonies in America and the defense of the image of the king Felipe II. I pretend to understand better the writing and patriotic sensibility of this Valencian Jesuit, in accordance with other contemporary members of the Society of Jesus. I will focus his written production as a reaffirmation of imperial authority in America and exercise of appropriation of Spain’s history. Within the framework of the Eighteenth Century intellectual debates on history and «national characters», this novice performs an exercise of cultural distinction between Spain and the rest of European powers. His writing produces many stereotypes that reinforce, at the same time, the inequality between Europe and America. Llorente’s work, apparently coherent, highlight certain contradictions that question a pronounced dichotomy between Europe and its others, a cultural relationship that cannot be reduced to a single definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work deals with the extreme provincialism that has characterized and characterizes Italian studies. Italy, in fact, is a country that has lost pace with modernity already in the fifteenth century, when the rest of Europe was opening up to the phenomenon of "globalization". We have demonstrated how, since then, Italy has taken refuge in the myth of Classicism and the Renaissance, from which it has not managed to get out even after the country has joined in a single state entity. The great emigration of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century helped to de-provincialize many Italians, but not art, literature and literary criticism. Criticism did everything to remove the period and the Italian colonial atrocities in Africa. In the second post-war period, while the criticism of colonialism was beginning to take hold throughout Europe, the Italian bourgeoisie (which held economic, political and cultural power) preferred to ignore its deadline operated in the Horn of Africa, Greece and Albania. At the same time, he ignored the lively frontier literature, the Istrian one. Precisely for this reason, in the second part of this work we have dealt with the novel by the Istrian of adoption Eros Sequi, "Le case di pothia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Thiasos Monografie is the property of Edizioni Quasar di Severino Tognon s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of the study is to present the concept of local autonomy from a historical and comparative perspective. The work will analyze the provisions of Roman law and Polish law. The work also includes references to the solutions in other selected legal systems. The basic assumption of the author is to accept the hypothesis that the autonomy of ancient municipalities was much wider than today. This was undoubtedly due to a different concept of the state.The contemporary state aims at full control over the organization of society. The Roman state was limited to taking such actions that were necessary. Thus, the principle of subsidiarity was better implemented in antiquity. The intervention of central authorities was essentially limited to the implementation of tasks that exceeded the capacity of the local community. Currently, it is the central authority that decides about the form and scope of local governments.

Copyright of Materiali e Strutture is the property of Edizioni Quasar di Severino Tognon s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TST - Transportes, Servicios y Telecomunicaciones is the property of Asociacion Iberica de Historia Ferroviaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tangier, door of Africa and crossroads between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic world, was the diplomatic capital of the Moroccan empire in the 19th century and its cultural and commercial heart connected with Europe. The Italians who migrated from the Italian peninsula or from other North-African colonies to settle down in Tangier constituted a small community which contributed to the creation of the cosmopolitan nature which defined Tangier until the Moroccan independence in 1956. Both the end of the international regime and the colonial occupation caused the loss of the privileges the Italians, and the Europeans in general, had been enjoying. Furthermore, they were compelled to relocate themselves in the new society, the Moroccan one for those who decided to remain, or the Italian, Spanish or French one for those who decided to leave. In other words, they had to rethink their own cosmopolitan identity in national terms alone. During the process of re-negotiation of their belonging, consciously or unconsciously, they found themselves partially Moroccan, proving that the cosmopolitanism was also related to Africa and the Africans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism is presented of the book "The Enlightenment on Trial: Ordinary Litigants and Colonialism in the Spanish Empire" by Bianca Premo. The book offers an important reflection on meaning of the Enlightenment and its relations with colonialism. The book mentions about legal sources from the point of view of their cultural production; and information on members of a cosmopolitan Republic of Letters who sued their superiors in the royal courts of Spain's American colonies.

A literary criticism is presented of the book "The Enlightenment on Trial: Ordinary Litigants and Colonialism in the Spanish Empire" by Bianca Premo. The book offers an important reflection on meaning of the Enlightenment and its relations with colonialism. The book mentions about legal sources from the point of view of their cultural production; and information on members of a cosmopolitan Republic of Letters who sued their superiors in the royal courts of Spain's American colonies.

By examining the case of Jews of Libya flooding to Italy after 1967, the paper aims to analyze the remnants left by colonial citizenship regimes. By highlighting the tangle of collateral issues raised by the refugees' claims, the account of the path leading the leaders of the Libyan Jewish community's associations to put themselves in touch with the institutional framework and obtain the recognition of Italian nationality intends to contribute to historical studies of citizenship. In its development, the paper suggests a dual approach: on the one hand, it asserts the need to demythologize the historiographical debate on citizenship, emphasizing political elements affecting the inclusion of Libyan Jewish refugees in the national community, and, on the other hand, it connects the phases of this path to the redefinition of imperial legal cleavages realized by former colonial subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In August 1935, Aldo Castellani, one of the most renowned Italian tropicalists, was appointed High Adviser for the East African Colonies, tasked with the organization of the health system of the Ethiopian expedition. In line with the vast deployment of forces envisaged by the regime for the conduct of the conflict, Castellani took advantage of a large number of medical officers and technological means, establishing a highly rationalized organization of the health service. This allowed to safeguard the Italian-Ethiopian war from the scourge of all colonial expeditions: the high mortality rate caused by disease spreading among the military corps. Entrusted with the sanitary protection of a wide portion of white population, Castellani offered his experience of physician, holding a new position in the Italian military organization system. The role played by the Italian doctor in the Ethiopian campaign and the nature of his expertise sheds light on the relationship between medicine and war. This issue has hardly been dealt with by historiography, which has left unchanged the idea -- subject to critical review in other fields of study -- that war constitutes a factor of advancement and «acceleration» of medical science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche is the property of Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerion: Revista de Historia Antigua is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From the nineteenth century on, archaeological research has been conducted into the vicus of Bedriacum (2nd cent. BC-5th cent. AD), a minor centre in the territory of the Latin colony of Cremona near the modern town of Calvatone (CR). Different strategies and methods were used: iGIS was conceived and developed to become an immersive, scalable and fully customizable 3D-VR system that integrates 2D data and 3D models, ranging from MySQL online databases to Virtual Reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent discovery of aerial photographs of the Istrian territory and coast among the WWII USAAF imagery preserved in the Aerofototeca Nazionale archives adds important information to the already rich history of this area. The aerial view captured in August 1944, shortly before the heaviest bombing in October 1944, provides useful information for the historical reconstruction of the ancient colony of Parentium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’article examine Il cristiano errante, d’Edoardo Scarfoglio, un court récit de voyage publié en 1893 dans la revue romaine « La Nuova Rassegna », qui relate une partie du voyage en Éthiopie effectué en 1891. Ce texte se distingue d’autres exemples de littérature coloniale italienne de la même époque, à visée encyclopédique et informative. Ici, le voyage, loin de décrire de façon précise le monde africain, fournit plutôt un prétexte pour la mise en scène de la subjectivité du narrateur. Par ailleurs, la présence de la mort et de l’infirmité, gravés dans le paysage naturel et humain de l’Afrique, ainsi que dans le corps du voyageur lui-même, amène l’auteur à décrire ce voyage africain sur le mode de l’élégie. Ce choix stylistique est fonctionnel à la condamnation de la politique coloniale menée jusqu’alors par l’Italie.

The community of seabirds breeding in the lagoon of Venice, one of the largest around the Mediterranean, was monitored over the 1989-2013 period. Six species have been recorded (Larus michahellis, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Larus melanocephalus, Sternula albifrons, Sterna hirundo, Sterna sandvicensis). Over the study period, 346 colonies were surveyed; they were located on saltmarsh islets, dredge islands and other artificial sites, in descending order of importance. Beaches were used only at the beginning of the survey. About 4,900 pairs bred in the 2009-2013 years. The community has been always dominated by L. michahellis; in the 2009-2013, this species and S. sandvicensis comprised about 70% of the total. The longterm trends show moderate increase in the size of the whole community. Contrasting trends were observed in different species, with L. michahellis, S. albifrons and S. sandvicensis stable or increasing, whereas C. ridibundus and S. hirundo were declining. The number of pairs nesting on artificial sites increased over the last 15 years, while those on saltmarsh islets decreased correspondingly. This was possibly a response to the increase of mean sea level and storminess observed in the last twenty-five years. S. albifrons and S. sandvicensis populations reached national importance; the population of the latter species is noteworthy at a Mediterranean level.

Dans l’histoire du vaste empire portugais, les conditions humaines des voyages, et en particulier la question du gîte et du couvert, restent à écrire. Bien que l’actuelle politique de conservation et organisation des archives soit assez encourageante, cette recherche est pour l’instant un travail en devenir. La présente étude propose de formuler quelques hypothèses à partir d’une source unique et accessible : les récits de voyage. Prenant comme base d’analyse l’époque coloniale (XVIIe - début XXe siècles) elle établit une comparaison entre les deux capitales de cet empire (Rio de Janeiro et Goa) en montrant la difficile émergence de l’hospitalité payante dans un contexte humain, économique et culturel dominé par les valeurs de l’hospitalité chrétienne.

The article presents historiographical reflection on colonial psychiatry. Topics discussed include the history of colonialism in cultural and social context; the new approach to the history of social medicine and psychiatry; the book "Orientalism," by Edward W. Said; and how the book developed colonial psychiatry as an interesting subject for historians.

Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In training colonial women, Fascism mixed gender politics with nation and empire building. As in the case of other European empires, the need to send women to the colonies was seen as an opportunity to stress their traditional roles and the importance of motherhood. Inspired by the German "Farmersfrau", the regime established colonial courses where women learned home economics, and how to minimize consumption and preserve racial integrity. The article analyses the courses demonstrating that the regime used the colonial training in order to define once and for all the female fascist model and to strengthen the women consensus to the empire. The article also shows that Fascism at the same time limited the women's initiative in the colonies prohibiting their "civilizing missions". Women's work in Africa was supposed to enhance racial segregation and demographic colonialism, similarly to home, where autarkic measures were implemented, leading up to war propaganda and World War II.

While there was undoubtedly a cleruchy on Lemnos in the fourth century BC, the juridical status of the community of Athenian origin living on the island during the fifth century BC is still unclear. Were they apoikoi who had severed all ties of dependence with their mother city, founding an autonomous polls, or were they Athenian citizens optimo iure, like the klerouchoi of the following century? The first part of this essay summarizes the long and complex historiographic debate on this issue, which has divided scholars ever since the nineteenth century. The purpose is to establish at a complete and exhaustive status quaestionis, while highlighting at the same time that the bibliographical edifice erected on literary and epigraphic sources about Lemnos is only apparently solid. In fact, when considered individually, the pillars of the most popular current historiographic theories about the island appear considerably weakened by the progress of research, and often compromised in their very theoretical premises. The second part of the present study, instead, draws attention to a series of so far disregarded documents unequivocally attesting to the presence and activity of Athenian citizens on Lemnos as early as the first half of the fifth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Constitutional History / Giornale di Storia Costituzionale is the property of Giornale di Storia Costituzionale (Journal of Constitutional History) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)