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This study focuses on the historical landscape of the Douro River. The regional and local values of medieval cultural heritage elements were explored from “Demarcações de Fronteira” - a demarcation book dated from 1537-1538 - to understand the places and medieval testimonies of political, social, and economic relations between the two medieval kingdoms of Portugal and Castile. A document analysis is intended to identify and describe the cultural elements of a specific place and a particular time and discern resilient cultural features in the landscape. In parallel, a cartographic analysis could help to identify, characterize, and localize the late medieval landscape (beginning of the 16th century). This analysis is fundamental for comparing other periods and studying the landscape resilience.

This work explores the role of the North Border theater in the mythology of the drug trafficker; that is to say, it analyzes through which traits the drug traffickers in the studied works intend to build their masculinities and if these coincide with the portrait that the authorities are interested in disseminating. Specifically, she analyze Guerrero Negro (1988) and Fugitivos (1992) by Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda, La zona del silencio (2002) by Antonio Zúñiga, and Yamaha 300 (2004) by Cutberto López. It will point to how, the deeper we go into the 21st century, the greater the empathic distance towards drug traffickers, since the hedonism and ultraviolence of the most contemporary characters depoliticize the works.

The current migratory movement from Venezuela to Colombia is at the heart of a heated debate. This paper aims to focus the attention on the Colombian context, starting from the transition process generated after the internal armed conflict. After that, border dynamics and migration policies will be examined, highlighting how the centrality of the subject order / disorder, social harmony / disharmony has also oriented the construction of the figure of the Venezuelan migrant both politically and in the media, with consequences on the reception and inclusion.

This article presents a critical comparison of theatre writing in two parts of the Latin American continent: northern Chile and northern Mexico. These spaces, relegated to the periphery of artistic and cultural production, are the repositories of works about the desert and the frontier as places of creation and a conceptual universe that we will call the dramaturgies of the desert. Observing these spaces through two representative monologues from each country, Ilegala by Virginia Hernández and Partir by Ronald Heim, will allow us to measure their aesthetic impact on current Latin American theatre.

The Teatro delle Albe (Theatre of the Dawns) from Ravenna is probably one of the most important companies in Italian contemponary theatre. Since its first plays, the Teatro delle Albe has placed at the center of its research the need to be connected to the reality of its time. This research has led four young actors to cross the question of migration and the new border spaces between Italy and Africa. Francesco D’Antonio’s paper analyses about the importance of the representation and integration of the foreign as migrant in the Teatro delle Albe and the specific aspects of its theatrical poetic.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2022 7(1), 171-193 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. Agencies and agencification. - III. Engagement in Greece in light of push backs and suspension of asylum law. - IV. Involvement at the Hungarian-Serbian border. - V. Expanding competences. - V.1. Standing corps of 10.000 border guards. - V.2. Returns. - VI. Responsibility implications. - VI.1. Liability in EU law and the EBCG Regulation. - VI.2. Indirect responsibility. - VI.3. Direct responsibility before 2019. - VI.4. Direct responsibility after 2019. - VII. Frontex responsibility for operations in Hungary and Greece. - VII.1. Surveillance operations at land and sea borders. - VII.2. Return operations. - VIII. Conclusion. | (Abstract) This Article deals with the potential responsibility of Frontex, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, for human rights violations, through the case studies of the Greek-Turkish and the Hungarian-Serbian border, where systematic human rights violations have been well-reported. Such violations are studied in the context of the activity of Frontex in border surveillance and return operations in Hungary since 2016, and the Rapid Border Intervention launched in Greece in 2020. This Article looks, in particular, into the indirect responsibility of the agency through assisting the host state in the commission of a violation, and into its direct responsibility due to exercising a degree of effective control over seconded agents. What is more, it notes the shift after the 2019 amendment of the EBCG Regulation from complicity, as the main form of responsibility for Frontex, to direct responsibility. This shift is brought by the expansion of the powers and competences of the agency, especially with respect to the standing corps of 10.000 border guards, including the agency's own statutory staff, increased use of own large assets (aircrafts, vessels), and an increased role in return operations. The author further reflects upon the role of EU agencies in a model of "mixed government", in ensuring the balance between supranationalisation and intergovernmentalism, and amongst the interests of EU citizens, Member States, and European integration. The conclusion is drawn that, no such balance can be struck before human rights, amongst the core EU values, are properly upheld, and before suitable accountability safeguards are set.

The essay establishes a dialogue between Alessandro Leogrande’s reading of Caravaggio’s painting The Martyrdom of St. Matthew (La frontiera, 2015) and Des spectres hantent l’Europe (2016), a documentary video shot by Niki Giannari and Maria Kourkouta in the Idomeni refugees camp. Why are images used? How can we react in front of the pain of others? What is the value of testimony? Drawing on suggestions that range from philosophy to anthropology (Merleau-Ponty, Didi-Huberman, Viveiros de Castro) the essay investigates how these two works allow us to experience another point of view. Leogrande, Giannari and Kourkouta perform a poetic operation that achieves very convincing results. On one hand Leogrande dwells on the presence of Caravaggio’s self-portrait body inside the painting; on the other, Giannari and Kourkouta’s authorial choices (the use of long shots, of images that becomes fragments saved from the History, the use of images that arise from past and future) produce a particularly effective shifting of perspective.

Objectives The analysis further tries to enlighten the problems of internal mobility in Ethiopia. It also refers to other factors causing internal displacement of citizens such as ethnic border conflicts. Material and methods In this research, major causes of internal migration in Ethiopia and their ultimate consequences will be discussed based on the secondary data analysis and textual studies of documents. Results The circumstances have been particularly terrible in the conflict region where IDPs were deprived of any assistance because of difficulties in humanitarian access to the region. The IDPs were affected as a result of malnutrition and a high risk of an outbreak of disease. These people have suffered frequent displacements from their areas of origin and need stronger safety guarantees before they return to their region. The international community is also involved to support IDPs, following the opening of access to the affected location. Conclusions The scale and difficulty of internal displacement in Ethiopia need durable solutions. Escalation of the ongoing conflict may lead to economic decline and political instability. Collaboration with humanitarian and development organizations could be important, but a large part of the problem must be addressed by Ethiopian authorities and Ethiopian citizens. The role of humanitarian support is to enhance the efforts of national governments, responsible to tackle the root causes of conflicts. Religious leaders, elders, federal and regional authorities at all levels, need to seek ways and strategies to build peace and stability between conflicting parties focusing on specific and unique problems concerning disputes between communities or different ethnic groups.

The article presents the results of an ethnographic study on the experiences of violence of 30 Paraguayan women in the Triple-border of Paraná (between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay). By contrasting their testimonies, we analyze the processes of socialization to patterns of violence in the families of origin, the persistence of these patterns in their adult life and their strategies to face those realities. In the end we discuss the dialectical dimension of female strategies which are able to interrupt these cycles of violence.

The article analyzes the historical context and the characteristics of the Mexican industries known as maquiladora, in the border zone between Mexico and USA. Mexican and US secondary sources are employed to analyze the historiographical debate on the topic. The essay shows that neoliberalism is the outcome of convergent logics and of various scales in which entrepreneurs of the Mexican norte have employed nationalism as driver for changing the maquiladora’s regional economic model into a global mode of production.

Mare nostrum is no longer a space for free movement, sharing and exchange of cultures. It is an impassable wall, a maritime tomb for the desperados, the victims of poverty and social disinsertion in their own countries. These modern-times damned are forced to "burn" this insatiably cannibalistic aquatic border, after having burned their identities, in the hope of a better life. Leaving therefore becomes synonymous with the expression of an existential difficulty and a deep despair that pushes them to risk death in order, perhaps, to be reborn in a euphoric elsewhere. In this paper, we will try to show how Binebine (Mahi) in Cannibales approached this human tragedy in reaction to the anesthetic apathy of some journalists who deal with this acute issue, by placing it in a literary dimension through the use of an aesthetic horror as a process of awareness.

Based on the importance of the Luso-Castilian border in the context of medieval Hispania and its complexity as a political construction, the objective of this reflection is to assess its impact at the level of manorial groups, either secular or ecclesiastical. The way how these social groups had interpreted the frontier is a central issue for this study. Fidalgos and miles Christi, usually called knights in simple terms, had traced similar tendencies for understandable reasons. Fidalgos and miles Christi were part of the medieval elites that boosted the peninsular exchanges, developing frequent trajectories over borders in medieval Hispania. The aristocracy and the friars of the Military Orders, in particular, those from the international Orders, had a very fluid conception of the frontier, to which family and institutional interests were superimposed. The noblemen found in the border crossing a natural mechanism to circumvent some political problems, arising from conflicts with monarchs, or to materialize strategies of power of some lineages with patrimonies constituted long before the creation of the kingdom of Portugal itself. In turn, the friars of the Military Orders were sometimes members of these families, imbued with non-border behaviors, which were reinforced when they professed in multinational institutions, not overlapping with the delimitations of the political and diplomatic border.

Social relationships and cohabitation in urban areas. A psycho-anthropological reading of some keywords ----- Abstract --- The work that I propose comes from my research on urban regeneration within the 'neighborhood contracts' and from my passion for storytelling. This reflection, therefore, aims to be an occasion to give a boost to interdisciplinary dialogue and, in particular, to dialogue with anthropology and design on the analysis of the concept of urban space and on the possible interpersonal and social relationships that may arise in these spaces. On the merits, I will deal with the meaning of some keywords, from a psycho-anthropological point of view, because I believe that the specification of a lexicon facilitates dialogue and better supports the communication needs between disciplinary groups different ones.

As part of a broader multidisciplinary research project dealing with the association between health and green/blue environments, this paper aims at exploring the spatial variation of medication reimbursements within Belgium. These data were potentially and a priori considered as a proxy for health. This paper is purely exploratory: statistical maps, correlations, PCAs and cluster analyses corroborate the results. Five groups of medications prescribed for health disorders associated with the environment have been selected. We show that – at the level of the municipalities – the spatial distributions of the five medication groups are positively correlated to each other (medication consumption co-vary positively in space, whatever their type), but are independent of the environmental and socio-economic conditions measured. Against our expectation, they prove to be negatively correlated to air pollution and green spaces. Strikingly, the spatial distribution of medication prescriptions follows the linguistic border between Flanders and Wallonia. This implies that the observed differences are mainly due to administrative/political regional differences in terms of health policies, medical schools, pharmaceutical commercial activities, etc. that are hard to quantify (no data, diversity of actors) but should be taken into account in any further explanatory model. Medication reimbursements data correspond to a new type of data, and despite their potential attractiveness for health analyses, extreme care has to be taken when interpreting their spatial variation and their link to health.

Contemporary Ukrainian history offers fascinating cases of re-/de-bordering processes that provide evidence for how decision-makers and everyday citizens can change the historical course of the state. Border issues are particularly relevant to Ukraine, a country which has always been a borderland zone where many ethnic groups and cultures have interacted. For centuries, Ukraine has experienced multiple transformations of its territory, resulting from the influence of neighboring countries. In this paper we investigate how the image of the border is figuratively constructed in modern Ukrainian literature, paying particular attention to the shift in national self-identification caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991) and national revolutions (2004, 2013-2014). We examine two dystopias of Ukrainian postmodern literature—Oleksandr Irvanets’ Rivne/Rovno (Stina) (2002) and Taras Antypovych’s Pomyrana (2016). Only fourteen years separate these novels, but this period was marked by crucial events in Ukrainian history—the Orange Revolution (2004) and the Revolution of Dignity (2013-2014). The first novel, Rivne/Rovno, represents an attempt to construct nationhood by parodying the Soviet past and the second, Pomyrana, allegorically reflects on Ukraine’s future during the Russia-Ukraine war (2014-present time). These texts reveal several literary images that need clarifying in the Ukrainian context: real border and mental border; shifting borders; border and identity; border as a means of inclusion or exclusion, etc. The paper envelopes Ukrainian identity issues within discussions of national identity, border and ‘otherness’ by examining how Ukrainian literature figuratively constructs recent changes of the national geobody.

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In a little town in South Tyrol, a space comparable to four football fields summarizes the European history of the twentieth century. A large barracks was built by the fascist regime after the end of the First World War and the displacement of the Italian border to Brenner, during the years of forced Italianization of the German-speaking South Tyrolean population. Occupied by Nazi troops on the night of September 8, 1943, after the end of the Second World War the barracks joined the NATO defensive system against invasions by the USSR and the Warsaw Pact armies. After the breaking down of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the entire military settlement was abandoned. The barracks is now at the centre of an important urban redevelopment and regeneration project. The operation plan initially involved total demolition, but in the wake of an intense public debate, it has been decided to keep a building and transform it into a centre for social innovation and creative activities. Thus, a building loaded with the memory and the complex legacy of a negative and divisive past becomes something completely different also in symbolic terms, open to the future and the interaction among cultures, in a path involving the whole community.

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Copyright of Other Modernities / Altre Modernita / Otras Modernidades / Autres Modernités is the property of Altre Modernita and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The essay looks into the documentary cinema of Gianfranco Rosi interpreting it as an investigation of spaces and frontier communities, that are revealed through the predominance of urban periphery’s places or of the abandoned areas and the fascination towards the look of plurality and eccentric subjectivities. His entire cinema is, in fact, dominated by the reason of the border, which establishes in the overall corpus of films a peculiar and recurrent representative and dramaturgical interest in geographies and existences on the margins: the Ganges River, the Californian community of Slab City, the border between Mexico and the United States of America, Rome’s GRA ring road, the island of Lampedusa.

If reflecting on the question about what is "Us", it can be conceived as the condition of existence of everyone's life and also what contributes to the formation of the "I", making its recognition possible. From the conventional and contractual meeting of many "I" arise the society, within which individuals think themselves as people. However, the "Us" is also a malleable container, which leads the conceptual path to deal with the theme of emptiness, the stranger and the confrontation with the Other different from the "I", through the categories of border and fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost every migratory phenomenon analysis is focused on poor and unskilled migrants. Whereas some foreigners are not considered or labelled as immigrants. Such a case particularly regards migrants with educational qualifications and job skills that accomodate the employment needs of the country of destination. In order to indicate this restricted number of people, the definition skilled migrations has been created. This phenomenon denotes the tendency to submit migratory flows to the market rationality. In this paper it is stated that the application of market rules to migrations, on the one hand encourages the tendency to think of migrants only in terms of cost-benefit analysis, while it also contributes to erode a concept of citizenship which implies equality and unlimited inclusion rights.

Through the lens of visual culture studies, images can be investigated according to their “positions” on contemporary history as political instruments of human understanding. Images of borders, in particular, acquire special importance in the dialectics between visible and invisible – subjects and objects, ego and alter – and can shape a symbolic relation towards the otherness. Within the European culture and the various representations of migrants, media can contribute to rebuilding the notion of heterotopia by avoiding iconoclasm while implementing an ethical gaze and authentic comprehension about those global individuals that are reorganizing our World-Society.

Copyright of Archeologia Postmedievale is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Almost every migratory phenomenon analysis is focused on poor and unskilled migrants. Whereas some foreigners are not considered or labelled as immigrants. Such a case particularly regards migrants with educational qualifications and job skills that accommodate the employment needs of the country of destination. In order to indicate this restricted number of people, the definition skilled migrations has been created. This phenomenon denotes the tendency to submit migratory flows to the market rationality. In this paper it is stated that the application of market rules to migrations, on the one hand encourages the tendency to think of migrants only in terms of cost-benefit analysis, while it also contributes to erode a concept of citizenship which implies equality and unlimited inclusion rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologia Postmedievale is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ri-vista: Ricerche per la progettazione del paesaggio is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The border between Italy and Slovenia changed several times but only in the last century the relations between the two respective cultures were conditioned by political situations. The aim is to analyze the difference between the two literatures in an ethnically mixed territory with reference to their mutual relationship in two periods: after the First World War, in the fascist period, and after the Second World War, when Istria and Dalmatia have been incorporated in Yugoslavia. At the same time, we can find an alteration of the use of the language along the border, but over the last twenty years the two linguistic minorities, Italian in Slovenia and Slovenian in Italy, recognized and protected by European laws, tend to talk to each other rather than in English, as they show the studies of linguistic landscape.

The way of production of capitalist modernity has led and leads to an increasing virtualization of the existing, and an ever greater delimitation of nature. Simultaneously, it brings about a fall of the boundaries between man and nature, between regional and cultural differences. It may be argued that only an ethical position on the responsibility and care of nature, territorial and human differences, may ensure human survival and living on the Earth.

s in the most part of the world, also in Italy the protected areas at first were considered as nature enclosures. This concept, that sharply separate what is in from what is out, at present seems to be unsuitable both to the new social and economical condition and to the growing complexity of the involved issues. That kind of crisis of the traditional conservative politics is well represented by the loss of meaning of the boundary as operative instrument for the conservation of natural values. New opportunities for conservation policies rises from the awardness of the necessity, for the policies themselves to consider the entire system, with its internal and external connections. Many experiences are moving towards alternative approaches where the boundary loose its value as separation element: interesting examples goes from the issues of environmental continuity to the plans of some European parks and so on to the opportunities that rises from the contemporary laws on the landscape subject.

The costal area is considered as a border, between see and earth, with its own dimension and physical space, with its history and inhabitants, in a little big word, with its identity. The landscape regions are an instruments to identify territory where it’s possible to recognize similar geographic, historical, social characteristics. Inside these regions it has been identified the costal zone. It has been considered like a public heritage, of all inhabitants. Its identification is based about scientific criterions that consider natural elements, ecosystems and habitats as single units in relationship among them, with environmental, formal and functional dynamics.

The Mediterranean region has always been during its long history a theater of migratory movements. During the 19th and 20th centuries this region has witnessed migrations related to the formation of Nation-States, wars and for some countries, the efforts of States to homogenize their population. The formation of national borders of the new States has forced some populations of the Mediterranean area to move towards the territories of other neighboring States. The migration of Anatolian Greeks to Greece and Turks from Greece to Turkey is one of the best examples of these obligatory movements of populations that had as a result a different perception of the Greek-Turkish border rather than a usual national border between two countries.

Bandoneón’s explosive process in tango’s formatting – Explosive Process is the term used by Yuri Lotman to describe the qualitative changes that occur by introducing new information in a system of communication and culture, forcing it to restructure its semiotic layers. Unlike the gradual processes, explosives are unexpected and, to some extent, untranslatable, expressing the condition of ambiguity of boundaries which accomplishes the translating function between the own and the stranger. In this paper, we seek to associate the stranger bandoneón to the explosive process that would have formatted the tango, assigning it a distinctive feature that remains today as a sign of tango.

In contemporary times, the informal economy is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon. There is a range of activities performed outside the regulation and control of the States. In this paper we start from the idea that there is a kind of informality associated with the discontinuity provoked by the border, commonly addressed in terms of “smuggling”. The aim is to propose a conceptualization of such informality from theoretical contributions on the informal economy and border. The border region between Mexico and Guatemala and will bring specific illustrations to our conceptual framework.

In 2007, I conducted research in the area of Bethlehem(OPT) to understand the changes caused by the construction of the security barrier on the daily life of this community. Living in a Palestinian Christian family I could share this ordinary life everyday and I was trying in my work to participate in non violent protests on Friday morning, organized by Palestinian and Israeli activists against the construction of the barrier. Palestinian and Israeli associations participate every Friday for almost ten years to the protests. Moving to the other side of the wall, in the summer of 2011 the protest inflamed, following the heels of the Occupy movement, against the rising of the price of the "cottage cheese" and especially of housing, particularly in the economic capital ofIsrael, Tel Aviv, where property’s prices have reached staggering proportions. Right here the movement has attracted the interest of scholars, especially for the ferocity with which "the movement of the tent" (or July 14) has been repressed. Apparently these two movements have nothing in common. It does not seem to agree Zvi Shuldiner, expert of Israeli policy, reflecting on how the common basis of these movements is the conflict, in all its paradoxical implications, from one side to the other of the wall. From ground clashes it evolves into the ground of meetings, where Israelis and Palestinians seek solutions from below through the movements themselves.

The global city is a new frontier zone. Deregulation, privatization, and new fiscal and monetary policies create the formal instruments to construct their equivalent of the old military “fort”. The city is also a strategic frontier zone for those who lack power, and allows the making of informal politics. At the same time the border is a mix of regimes, marked by protections and opportunities for corporations and high-level professionals, and implies confinement, capture and detention for migrants. The essay discusses the transformation of the city in a frontier zone and analyses the separation between the capabilities entailed by territoriality and the geographic territory tout court. The analysis focuses on the effects of neoliberal policies that, far from making this a borderless world, have actually multiplied the bordered spaces that allow firms and markets to move across conventional borders. Cities are therefore one of the key sites where new neoliberal norms are made and where new identities emerge.