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The COVID-19 pandemic is undoubtedly a crisis situation, which means that the lives of persons experiencing it will never be the same as before. Professional helpers are faced with numerous challenges related to the change in their work flow, the need to modify strategies, work methods and tools, or to the switch from on-site to remote work. In this context, professional helpers’ resources are of considerable importance, as they constitute an important part of the welfare system. The analysis of the results of previous studies suggests that social workers’ change readiness and positive orientation not only may increase their professional effectiveness, but may even foster better quality of life. The present study investigated positive orientation and change readiness, as important predictors of professional functioning of persons in the sample group. The questionnaires were distributed among 189 professional helpers working in the Polish welfare system. The response rate was 98% (the final sample consisted of 185 persons) The results show that most subjects are characterized by the below-optimal levels of all the analyzed traits of the change readiness, but high and medium levels of positive orientation. The groups differed from one another in terms of adaptability (difference close to statistically significant). Change readiness and positive orientation may constitute important resources for professional helpers. Long service, being married, and a low level of change-readiness revealed in the presented study, may indicate that change-readiness is a general tendency in specific individuals, and is not dependent on the nature of changes themselves. The results may prompt a search for relations between personality factors and change-readiness.

Problematyka artykułu wpisuje się w nurt badań interdyscyplinarnych nad wielokulturowością i budowaniem wspólnoty w kontekście środowisk etnicznych w Brazylii. Przedmiotem obserwacji uczyniono działania Związku Etnicznego w regionie Ijuí w południowej Brazylii. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono historii polskiego osadnictwa w tym kraju, co pozwoliło na wyciągnięcie wniosków dotyczących statusu Polonii w tym wieloetnicznym i wielokulturowym społeczeństwie. Poczynione obserwacje uprawniają do stwierdzenia, iż w procesie kształtowania wspólnot etnicznych, w tym polskiej, grupy te przeszły drogę od izolacji i zamknięcia do otwarcia się i współpracy. Zauważono, iż dużą rolę w procesie zachowania tożsamości narodowej i kulturowej polskich emigrantów odegrał Kościół, zarówno w początkowym okresie osadnictwa polskiego, jak i współcześnie. Obecna polityka rządu brazylijskiego realizuje ideę wspierania wielokulturowego i wieloetnicznego społeczeństwa. Polacy w Brazylii sygnalizują konieczność kontaktu z krajem przodków, jego językiem i kulturą, dlatego niezwykle cenne są wszelkie inicjatywy mające na celu pomoc w zachowaniu tożsamości narodowej, doskonaleniu umiejętności posługiwania się językiem polskim i budowaniu poczucia więzi z polską kulturą (dawną i współczesną).

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The main goal of the presented research was to assess the pursuit eye movement of five- and six-year-old children with ASD in the context of speech development. RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research concerns the oculomotor activity of children with ASD in the situation of tracking slowly moving objects. The research questions refers to the relationships between the tracking movements and the dynamics of the speech development of the research participants, and to their current abilities in this area. The eye tracking method was used in the research. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: We presented the basic information about the vision process, with particular emphasis on the role of the pursuit eye movement. We also described the research on the importance of eye movement in the process of acquiring communication skills, building social relationships and effective functioning. RESEARCH RESULTS: The obtained results indicate the correlation between the independent variable (the pattern of smooth pursuit presented by the children taking part in the research), and the dynamics of disorder development and the level of speech development in the children with reference to the analyses of other authors. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The conducted analyses revealed strong and moderate correlations between the variables and made it possible for the author to confirm the main hypothesis that the eye movements while tracking slow-moving objects in all directions are characterized by variability related to the dynamics of speech development in early childhood and the current abnormalities in this area among the research participants. The obtained results indicate the necessity to start vision training in children with ASD as early as possible.

The subject of the research are old texts recorded as part of the “Spoken Polish of cities” project, which was carried out in Katowice, Kraków, Łódź and Wrocław in the last decades of the 20th century. The main aim of the article is to present a new study of Wrocław oral data from that period. The tools of digital humanities and corpus linguistics were used in the new study. The result of the team’s work is the Speech of Wrocław collection in Spokes resources.

About the Captions under Visual Materials from a Media Linguistic Perspective – An Attempt of a Typology Based on Polish and German Daily Newspapers The captions under visual materials located in the press fit into a category, which, against the background of numerous works devoted to the variant of language used by the press, seems to be almost completely unnoticed by researchers of the language used in media. One can ask oneself at this point the question of whether this constitutes a wilful lack of attention by media linguists convinced of the sterility of captions as a potential area of study or is actually a result of a peculiar oversight. Based on the assumption that captions posted by media broadcasters under the photographs can comprise an interesting field of scientific exploration, an attempt will be made of their systematization. The captions coming from a total of six Polish-German newspapers will serve as the basis for the research material. Key words: captions, paratext, press, typology

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