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Objectives The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of physical activity of university staff members on their well-being and work performance. In the course of analyses, the author attempted to find an answer to the question to what extent physical activity contributes to the improvement of well-being of the workforce. Material and methods The study was based on a diagnostic survey method employing a questionnaire.In the course of analyses, the authors attempted to find an answer to the question to what extent physical activity contributes to the improvement of internal and external well-being of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities staff. Results The analyses confirmed that the stimulation of physical activity in the workplace may benefit employee well-being on many levels. The results of the study demonstrated that physical activity has a positive impact on emotional, psychological, and social well-being of university staff, and that it augments the efficiency, focus, and creativity in the workplace. The research findings may be of importance to employees, employers, and decision-makers involved in the taking of decisions about health promotion programmes in the workplace. The study may contribute to the promotion of the concept of well-being, above all, in non-profit organizations, where new tendencies in human resource management are typically introduced later than they are in commercial organizations Conclusions Against a backdrop of the conducted analyses, the emphasis on employee well-being needs to be viewed now as one of the best investments a modern organization may make. Creating an optimal environment in which employees can fulfil their potential is one of the key factors in the long-term effectiveness of an organisation. Healthy and fit staff mean an efficient organisation.

The world of production has changed and so has the more general discourse on work. A series of significant structural and political transformations have contributed to the diffusion of production organizations different from the past in which the principle of the co-existence between the time of delivery of the work and the space in which the work is provided has weakened. In this context, the very concept of workplace takes an ambiguous, hybrid, porous connotation, providing numerous opportunities but at the same time raising fundamental questions. The aim of the article is to consider some organizational innovations and to reflect upon some relevant developments in the field of economic and labor sociology starting from the analytical concept of the workplace.

The essay aims to examine the overall conceptual framework on which the legislative decree 9 April 2008 n. 81 is based upon. This decree is currently challenged by the definition of the concept of “workplace”, which is becoming increasingly flexible. Indeed, in recent years, the employer has become less and less in control of the location where work takes place, thus resulting in risks, mainly of a psychosocial nature, to the employee’s health and safety. In this perspective, the essay, first, highlightes the strengths of the current legislation as well as its critical issues, mentioning the prevention legislation relating to individual cases (remote work, work on demand, etc.). Afterward, the essay attempts to outline the possible directions for the development of a prevention system for those without a fixed workplace. The system will aim to guarantee the worker’s overall well-being by making mandatory for the employer to periodically verify and assess their worker’s health and safety condition.

The Author investigates the exercise of control prerogative beyond the company’s borders, while reflecting on the limitations imposed by the Workers' Statute to safeguard freedom and human dignity. By reiterating the prohibition of covert and impersonal monitoring, it is noted how the opportunities to verify the fulfillment of work performed outside the premises where surveillance personnel can be deployed are greatly limited. Nevertheless, attempts to expand them through interpretative means are deemed excessively risky in a context where the protection of human dignity and freedom is at stake.

Objectives The aim of the research was to assess the level of physical activity of university employees, as well as to identify the motives and barriers to undertaking it. Material and methods The research was carried out using the method of a diagnostic survey with the use of a questionnaire, and included 75 employees of UPH in Siedlce. Results Research has shown that among the various forms of physical activity, university employees most often choose walking and cycling. At the same time, more than half of the respondents do not implement the basic recommendation of the World Health Organization, which recommends undertaking at least 150 minutes of physical activity a week. A number of barriers to physical activity have also been identified, among which the lack of time plays a key role. It was also found that the employees of the studied university do not fully use the opportunities offered to them by the employer in terms of access to sports infrastructure. Conclusions The research results may constitute a basis for the intensification of university activities in the field of stimulating physical activity among employees as part of the work-life balance concept.

This contribution explores the evolutionary nature of workspaces in the context of technological and social flexibility. The modular dimension of an office is analysed through a change in spatial solutions considering the influence that socio-cultural transformations have had on management models and design choices. The analysis focuses on the effectiveness of data-driven approaches when used to explore work contexts: data are a useful tool to understand the experiences and perceptions of employees when developing solutions to improve well-being in the workplace. This contribution aims to outline the transformation of an office from a closed and individualistic module to an open and shared system in which data play a fundamental role in defining the future of workspaces. Article info Received: 10/09/2023; Revised: 16/10/2023; Accepted: 22/10/2023

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The human being is located and acts in all areas of life on two basic coordinates: time and space. In the same way that Einstein pulverized the notion of time from a scientific point of view, first the organizational transformations of companies and then the impact derived from digitization as a technological change of the first magnitude have come to pulverize the notion of space as a security reference law for the application of labour standards. This study analyses how the two basic referents of space in labour relations (position work and workplace) progressively lose value for the purpose of setting working conditions and the exercise of union action rights. To the same extent, this study analyses how, for the survival of these two basic references, it is necessary to carry out a process of adaptation to the new business and technological context.

A new technological phenomenon capable of affecting the way work is performed has recently emerged in the area of interest of labour law. It seems that work, like many other human activities, can now be performed by an avatar in a metaverse, i.e. a virtual double of the worker within a three-dimensional virtual universe. Despite the uncertainty regarding the evolutions that will affect this socio-technical phenomenon, the essay tries to establish whether in the metaverse some activities can be configured as “work” from a legal point of view, or whether instead the virtual worlds are animated exclusively by digital “objects”, possibly regulated by other legal disciplines. The analysis carried out leads to the exclusion that the metaverse constitutes a parallel reality completely detached from the space-time coordinates of the physical universe. Moreover, the use of a visor that provides three-dimensional images does not always imply the performance of work in the metaverse: in some hypotheses, wearable technologies and equipment provide a technological tool for work, while in others they insert virtual images (e.g. through holograms) into physical reality. In a more limited - but more interesting because of its extreme characteristics - group of hypotheses, the worker perceives a virtual universe in which he or she can feel completely immersed. In the latter, the metaverse can resemble an extension of the physical workplace in which the worker is placed. The final part of the contribution deals with identifying the main labour disciplines applicable to cases in which work takes place in virtual environments or physical environments enhanced by virtual projections.

The current study focuses on the characterization and perception of passive – aggressive behavior at workplace. We interviewed 12 employees, who work in large companies in Bihor county, on the position of base and middle-level managers.Three of the themes that emerged from the analyzed interviews, have a particular importance in the workplace. First, majority of the participants clamed that the PA behavior is present in their organizations and there is a tendency to spread throughout the organization. Second, most participants viewed the PA behaviour as beeing tolerated in their organizations. Third, most interviewees clamed that the PA bevaviour has negative effects in the organization. The PA behaviour was deeply analised by many researchers over the time and it has a wide variety of definitions. We could summarily define the concept as including behaviors that convey aggressive feelings through passive means. One of the dark side is that these pasive means could be confusing many times. While other forms of agression like mobbing, bullying, bossing appear as evident, the PA behavior could be misinterpreted. This destructive behaviour could initially appear at several members and then quickly spread throughout all the organisation. This way, the company could become a toxic environment where the valuable employees do not want to remain anymore. The PA behavior must be discovered in good time and stopped, before to penetrate the whole organization. The three main themes emerged from the analyzed interviews leaded us to interesting discussions and conclusions. We pointed out the main possible ways to prevent and stop the occurrence and spreading of the PA behavior, taking into account the causes of this type of behavior. We also outlined several ways to deal with PA behavior at workplace.

Digital transformation and new technologies have completely overwhelmed the way to process personal data in the employment context. This paper analyses how the right to protection of personal data has been codified in a multilevel legal framework (ECHR, EU Treaties, Directives and Regulations), how and if this right related to workers can prevail over the interests of companies, what guarantees are foreseen in the working context for the processing of personal data in Regulation 2016/679/EU (GDPR) and what kind of safeguards could be provided in each Member State. In the GDPR, the right of employees to the protection of personal data is not particularly protected so as to prevail over the interests of companies. Despite the great importance of individual rights in the employment context, the European Union has failed to establish uniform rules. On this crucial issue we may have the opportunity to strengthen the protection of workers' rights, ensuring that personal autonomy is guaranteed and can be exercised by individuals even in the context of Big Data.

Against the background of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the paper focuses on disability policies in the workplace, taking into consideration the position of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and of its permanent Secretariat, the International Labour Office. The study is set in the discourse analytical tradition and analyses two documents: the ILO Disability Inclusion Strategy and Action Plan and the working paper Disability in the Workplace: Company Practices. The former outlines general principles and illustrates objectives and strategies of the Agency; the latter is a collection of profiles describing the disability policy of 25 major companies. The investigation combines a qualitative approach with quantitative analysis, to single out relevant language features. In particular, the content structure of the companies’ profiles is described and analysed, while the fundamental lexicon of disability issues is examined in context. Special attention is given to the use of narrative and/or argumentation and to companies’ policy declarations. By adopting this multi-dimensional approach, it is possible to shed light on the discursive ambiguities of the texts, which overtly adopt the UN Convention principles, but do not systematically and consistently comply with the new paradigm of disability in their communication effort.

Objectives: occupational exposure to vapours, gases, dusts and fumes (VGDF) plays an important role in the development and exacerbation of respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible association of occupational exposure to airborne pollutants and chronic respiratory diseases., Design: multicase-control study., Setting and Participants: cases of chronic respiratory diseases and controls from the Italian multicentric study Gene Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD)., Main Outcome Measures: the occurrence of rhinitis, asthma, chronic bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma severity, spirometry data, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were examined in relation to chronic and acute occupational exposures to airborne pollutants using multiple regression models., Results: 2,943 subjects were enrolled in the study. Regularm exposure to VGDF was associated with a higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis/COPD (OR 1.40, 95%CI 0.98-1.99), especially in those also having asthma (OR 1.80, 95%CI 1.14-2.85), a lower prevalence of remittent asthma (OR 0.53, 95%CI 0.29-0.96) and, in those with asthma, an increased activity of the disease (severity score) (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.20-2.60). No associations were observed between occupational exposure and prevalence of rhinitis, spirometry and FeNO data. Finally, an association was found between acute exposure to airborne pollutants (occupational and non-occupational) and the respiratory diseases investigated, in particular active asthma and asthma associated chronic bronchitis/BPCO., Conclusions: these data confirm a significant role of occupational exposure to airborne pollutants on respiratory health, underlying the importance of workplace exposure prevention, in particular for more susceptible subjects, as those with respiratory diseases.

First of all will be presented some minimal results taken from the huge literature on the subject, with reference to Stress and consequent Burn Out phenomena, then will be illustrated what is deduced from the mentioned literature on the specific topic of the Teacher’s stress. Again will be provided some methodological addresses for relieving work stress in general, but useful with reference to Teachers then to illustrate the partecipatory research carried out with the World Cafè methodology, which will be shortly provided the operational features. Finally will be presented the way of stress manifest among the Teachers as it comes from the research, in order to propose a possible stress intervention procedure.

Copyright of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia is the property of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Learning and work as strategy of personal development for the institutionalization of the concept of the learning organisation". Learning and work has been taking place for several years and practicing many large companies the workplace-based learning as a method of personal development. The relationship between learning and work is given a high priority not only in education policy, but also in practice. This paper addresses the strategies of personnel development activities to establish the concept of learning organisation in the company through the connection of learning and working. The introductory section of the paper describes the theoretical perspectives and the occasions of the concept of learning organisation as well as the perspectives of the workplace-related learning. The central thesis of this paper provides an overview and critical discussion of learning and working as a component of the organisational learning and the meaning of learning organisation for the company. Besides, the significance of the learning organisation in educational work in companies will also be investigated. Finally, there will be a short identification analysis on the problems and difficulties of integrating learning and working within the workplaces by using the example of Indonesian companies.

First of all will be presented some minimal results taken from the huge literature on the subject, with reference to Stress and consequent Burn Out phenomena, then will be illustrated what is deduced from the mentioned literature on the specific topic of the Teacher's stress. Again will be provided some methodological addresses for relieving work stress in general, but useful with reference to Teachers then to illustrate the partecipatory research carried out with the World Cafè methodology, which will be shortly provided the operational features. Finally will be presented the way of stress manifest among the Teachers as it comes from the research, in order to propose a possible stress intervention procedure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia is the property of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le trasformazioni in corso nel mondo del lavoro hanno posto al centro dell’attenzione pubblica il tema dell’‘occupabilità’, ovvero della capacità delle persone – bibliotecari compresi – di saper cercare attivamente, trovare e mantenere un impiego. L’articolo propone, senza pretese di sistematicità e completezza, domande, spunti di analisi, risorse scientifiche e qualche indicazione pratica per esplorare questo fenomeno, con un focus specifico sulle sfide e le opportunità offerte dall’information literacy. Il testo si compone di tre parti: nella prima vengono prese in esame a grandi linee le politiche attive del lavoro messe in campo dalla governance europea e italiana; nella seconda si presenta una rassegna introduttiva alla letteratura professionale biblioteconomica (in lingua inglese) dedicata al rapporto tra information literacy e posti di lavoro; nella terza si riporta l’esito di un corso di formazione per giovani imprenditori – finanziato da un centro per l’impiego italiano tramite fondi europei – tenuto da un gruppo interdisciplinare di professionisti, nel quale è stato integrato un modulo dedicato all’alfabetizzazione informativa.

The paper investigates the importance of spatial scale for changes in earnings at the workplace by using spatial regression applied to workplace-level micro data in an exploratory purpose. A floating grid technique is used to define equal-sized workplaces and their daily-reach surrounding zones as divided into three spatial entities: working-square, local area and hinterland. On the basis of geo-referenced information on workplaces and places of residence along with numerous individual-level socio-economic indicators, the results of the regression models reveal that the indicators of the daily-reach area play a dominant role and that their contribution varies over spatial entities. Among the spatial entities, the working-square (km square) surrounding the workplace is more important than the workplace itself, the local area and the hinterland. Moreover, the results suggest that internal factors related to population size, diversity of trade and industry and educational level contribute to about one-third of changes in work income at the workplace level. It can be concluded that knowledge, learning and human capital are strongly associated with increased earnings.

Copyright of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia is the property of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper considers parents empoyment laws in Italy, starting with the very first one in 1902. The legislative development is comparised with Italian history in twentieth and twenty-first centuries, with a particular attention to the Mussolinian age (1922-1943), the Constitution and 1975 Family Law. Social environnment is also analyzed in this complex situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To create, by 2012, a network of Promoting Health companies in the Province of Bergamo, with at least 10% of companies with over 90 employees (about 10,000 workers) adherent, and attending up to 15% by 2015. Methods. The work was carried out by building partnerships and collaboration with Confindustria Bergamo and the main healthcare and Union stakeholders in the province, selecting good practices and experimenting feasibility and effectiveness in two mid-sized companies, before extending the proposal. A system of accreditation was defined. Member companies should implement a at least 18 good practices in three years The areas of good practices are: nutrition, tobacco, physical activity, road safety, alcohol and substance and wellbeing. The results are surprising in terms of network and adhesion. Currently 46 companies are involved (over 9,200 employees). Conclusions. The model seems to work well and in our opinion is extensible on a larger scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Western countries, telework has become a massive work practice. Nevertheless, despite the media hype of the nineties, it remains largely unknown and misunderstood. Albeit telework is not teleservices, it participates in the same way to the communication and ICT utopia. Currently, teleworkers in the First World number between 10 and 20 % of the workforce. The rise of tele access technologies, the demand of business flexibility in the so-called “globalized new economy”, and urban congestion, are the main reasons for teleworking practices. Field experimentations in large metropolitan areas reveal teleworking’s major stakes: to maintain economic efficiency, ecological sustainability and quality of life. Rural applications of telework are statistically less significant, but support the popular utopia of the return to nature.Telework is fully embedded in the rise of new space/time flexibilities, which result in the confusion of old taxonomies and structures: centre/periphery, urban/rural, workplace/home. For these reasons, telework largely appears as a pervasive, but underground phenomenon.

Summary: Background. ARPA Piemonte carries out occupational exposure measurements of chemical agents in workplace environment to support the Occupatonal Health and Safety Units of Local Health Boards for the assessment of the exposure level of dangerous chemical. Data are reported in internal documents, but are not available for other purposes. Objectives. Organize the occupational exposure measures collected by ARPA Piemonte, in order to facilitate their availability, in accordance with the indications of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Methods. An application in a relational database environment was defined and developed to collect and structure information relating to companies, interventions, tasks and / or monitored sampling points, samples and measurements performed. Results. Data on chemical exposure related to interventions carried out by ARPA Piemonte in the period from 2005 to part of 2020 have been collected in the ESP ALP application. ESP ALP contains information about 161 companies, 193 interventions, 815 sampling points, 3.490 samples and 18.576 measurements and information on companies obtained from the 2011 Census of Economic Activities and the archives of the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL). Discussion. We verified the feasibility of retrieving and organizing the information collected in past years in an integrated environment that facilitates its processing and use. Finally, we confirm the usefulness of collaboration between multidisciplinary professionals., Competing Interests: The authors of this article have no conflict of interests to disclose., (Copyright© by GIMLE.)

Summary: Patient manual handling (MHP) and an increase in the average age of the healthcare workforce increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and diseases, leading to sickness absence. Targeted interventions, supported by management, have been proven effective for workplace safety and can lead to improved quality of care., Competing Interests: The authors of this article have no conflict of interests to disclose., (Copyright© by GIMLE.)

The provincial network of organizations that promote health and participating in the project WHP (Workplace Health Promotion) was born from the collaboration between the ASL of Bergamo and Confindustria Bergamo in the shared conviction that the promotion of the health of the worker is in the interest of all: companies, the public Health Service, workers and their families. According to the World Health Organization, in fact, behavioral factors identified by the project are of fundamental importance to increase the "years of good health" of the population. Through the adoption of effective measures that promote the health of employees, the model proposed by the project and adopted by ABB - Medium voltage department - Dalmine (Bg) wants hence to offer a framework and methodological support for tangible steps in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 15% of the world's population lives with some form of moderate or severe disabilities, a growing percentage due to aging population as well as to the global increase of chronic diseases. The United Nations approved, in December 2006, the "Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities" which dealt with the theme "work and employment". It prohibited discrimination on the grounds of disability with regard to health and safety at work, ensuring safe and healthy working conditions including protection from harassment. The most important expectation for the UN Convention, ratified in Italy by law 18/2009, is the guarantee that disable people in the workplaces are provided with "reasonable accomodation". This term refers to modifications and adaptations which are necessary and appropriate, that do not foresee excessive costs, to be taken, where necessary, to ensure even workers with disabilities the enjoyment and exercise of all their rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immediate activation of the chain of survival and the CPR training of the lay population, including prompt use of a semiautomatic defibrillator (AED), has been amply shown to reduce mortality due to cardiac arrest, which causes 60,000 deaths per year in Italy alone. This paper proposes a revision of the Italian regulation D.M. 388/03 on First Aid (FA), starting from the assumption that action in the workplace significantly improves the safety not only of workers but of citizens as a whole, especially in places attended by large numbers of people. The proposals, reflecting the recent regulation on early defibrillation, are based on field work done by the ISPESL Training Center (actually merged in INAIL), in cooperation with other institutions, and on a review of the literature and international guidelines. New training models have been tested and introduced in company FA systems, with fresh course content for FA workers and instructors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Italy, pursuant to Legislative Decree 81/08, the employer is obliged to assess all the risks to which workers are exposed. In this decree law, for the microclimate, there are few indications on how to carry out the assessment. No precise reference limits are set but it is only recommended to adapt the environmental conditions to the physical effort carried out, the parameters that need to be measured and with which instruments and who can carry out the measurements and therefore the related assessments are not specified. The technical reference standard is instead well established and proposes evaluation indices that take into account the heat exchanges between the human body and the thermal environment and allow to prevent discomfort or even damage to health. However, it is necessary for the evaluator to use these indices correctly to avoid underestimating risky conditions. This work aims to provide a guide to those who are preparing to evaluate the thermo-hygrometric conditions of a workplace. The assessors must choose the path based on the activity carried out in the workplace and its physical characteristics, using the measurement equipment required by the technical regulations and verify its reliability. An incorrect assessment can make people underestimate the discomfort which is often associated with a lowering of the level of attention and therefore a predisposition to accidents, or it can expose workers to serious health risks.

Background: Every year in Italy and all around the world, cardiac arrest hits almost 1 person every 1000 people; a great deal of these events is likely to strike people outside their private houses., Objectives: Analyzing a cohort of cardiac arrest events occurred in various public- and work-places across a territorial area concerning an Emergency Unit related to the national emergency number (118) and assessing the efficacy of a first-aid intervention and the usage of a defibrillator while handling an acute cardiac event., Methods: We analyzed data of 32 sanitary interventions on cardiac arrest events occurred from January 2015 to June 2018 across USL Toscana Centro - Pistoia and Empoli's territory., Results: The acute cardiac event occurred in a "strictly speaking workplace" in 28.2% of cases, and in 18.7% during work activity. An AED was present for immediate cardiac arrest treatment in 15.6% of cases with a survival rate of 100% (n=5/5) (p=0.04); in 84.4% of cases the AED was available only after the arrival of national emergency rescuers and the relative survival rate was 40.74% (n=11/27). Regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the survival rate appears to be higher (55.5% Vs 42.8%) when it was started by witnesses., Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that early defibrillation provided by work-related First Aid Emergency Procedure, may be a primary aid and a desirable standard to improve both workers' and private citizens' survival rate after cardiac arrest.

Introduction: During the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic, occupational health physicians worked to respond to different needs of workers, employers, and health authorities. In collaboration with the Prevention Department of the Veneto region of Italy, a survey was promoted in nine manufacturing companies in the province of Padua, to investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic SarsCov-2 virus and the immunological status of 1,267 workers., Scope: The study was aimed at verifying the effectiveness of measures to contain the virus spread among workers in the workplace as required by the agreement between the social partners signed on March 14, 2020., Methods: The survey was carried out at workplaces by trained health physicians and almost all company workers enrolled on a voluntary basis. Each worker was tested for viral RNA using nasopharyngeal swab and for IgM and IgG antibodies by drawing venous or capillary blood, according to the availability of tests at that difficult period., Results: Swab-positive workers were 0.3%, and subjects with positive serological tests were 1.6% of the total workers examined., Discussion: The diagnostic test is based on the search for viral RNA through nasopharyngeal swab. To evaluate the immunological status of workers the CLIA or Elisa quantitative serological test should be preferred. Measures to contain the virus spreading at the workplace seem to be effective, as working settings do not entail any additional risk of SarsCov-2 infection.

Summary: Objectives. To assess the results of the national survey published by skuola.net addressed to students involved in the "Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro"(ASL) project in the years 2016-2018. Methods. An anonymous online survey was employed to gather information on students' experiences during the ASL project. Chi-squared test was performed for the univariate analysis. Results. A total of 8695 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The results of the descriptive and univariate analysis showed that a large number of students, especially those living in Northern Italy, performed more than 15 days of ASL during the year. In addition, students belonging to technical and professional institutes spent more hours compared to classical and scientific high schools ones. Employment in private companies was greater in the North than in the Center and South (54.9% vs 47.7% vs 47.7%, p minor than 0.001). In classical and scientific institutes, on the other hand, there were more students who replied that they had received a theoretical training at work (23% vs. 19.7 p minor than 0.001) or that they had carried out "outline tasks such as making photocopies, cleaning etc.". (19.6 vs 11.5, p mionr than 0.001). Another aspect investigated what kind of training they had had about safety at the workplace before starting the experience in the company: among the students resident in the South and in the Islands there was the highest number of negative responses, in fact 30.8% answered "No, by no one", compared to 15.2% in the North and 17.6% in the Center (p minor than 0.001). Conclusions. The ASL represented a concrete attempt to overcome the distinction between the world of education and the world of work within the Italian educational system. There were also some critical issues in its implementation, such as the lower involvement of classical and scientific high school students in projects consistent with their studies and their future prospects, compared to those of technical and commercial institutes. There was also a lack of homogeneity in the quality of the experiences lived between geographical macro areas, which reflects the diversity of employment opportunities present on the national territory., Competing Interests: The authors of this article have no conflict of interests to disclose., (Copyright© by GIMLE.)

Aim: To determine the characteristics of workplace violence towards emergency nurses in Campania, South Italy., Introduction: In Italy, workplace violence is a severe and widespread problem. A national survey describes that, working in South Italy significantly increases the probability of being exposed. However, available data in Campania workplace violence towards nurse emergency department (ED) is lacking., Method: We used a cross-sectional design, in two emergency department. Between April and May 2019, we distributed a questionnaire (QIN16VIPs). Three types of violence have been investigated: verbal/physical violence, verbal violence and physical violence. The data were analyzed using procedures of descriptive statistics., Results: A total of 83 questionnaires (response rate 92.3%), 48.2% of emergency nurses experienced verbal violence, 21.7% both verbal and physical violence and only 28.9% denied having experienced either. Nurses feeling at risk in emergency setting were more exposed to workplace violence (p=0.001). Anxiety (p=0.023) and anger (p=0.001) were perceived feeling with significant repercussions on the degree of evidence working in ED (p=0.043) and on trust in management (p=0.001)., Conclusions: Workplace violence turns out to be a serious and widespread problem that generates negative feelings in the attacked subject that affect the personal and work dimension. The promotion of simple and anonymous reporting systems would help nurses to be more aware of the importance of reporting the event, which is still in deficit today, thus preventing a true and proper estimate of the phenomenon. Future research should be focused for preventive measures could be drawn up to reduce the problem.

In 1969, the Italian Association of Industrial Hygienists (AIDII) was founded in Milan by Academics working at the Clinica del Lavoro, one of the oldest institutions for work prevention in the world and within the most prolific institutes in the world on Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene. AIDII was founded as a scientific association with the primary purpose of promoting the development, deepening and dissemination of Industrial Hygiene, the scientific discipline aimed at identifying, assessing and controlling chemical, physical and biological risk factors (as well as transversal risks) either inside or outside the workplace, which can alter the health and wellbeing status of workers and/or the general population, for the purpose of effective prevention and protection of human health. Over the decades, the activities of AIDII have evolved to meet some of the current needs and challenges, while remaining consistent with the basics set by the founders.

Introduction: The Clinica del Lavoro, the first clinic for occupational diseases of the world, was inaugurated in Milan on 20 March 1910; its first director was Luigi Devoto, who was in charge until 1935. The purpose of this work is to review the activities of industrial hygiene and toxicology carried out at the Clinica del Lavoro under the guidance of Devoto., Methods: Documents published by the Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, a group of clinics of which the Clinica del Lavoro was part, record the birth and organization of this structure and the presence of a laboratory of chemistry; documents by Devoto and other authors were also retrieved to extrapolate specific information on activities of industrial hygiene and toxicology., Results: The Clinica del Lavoro, at the time of its inauguration, included four laboratories: of chemistry, clinical physics, histopathology and bacteriology. The chemistry lab was located on the first floor and was composed of 6 well-lit rooms, modernly equipped with work benches that could accommodate 12 people. In Devoto's view, the chemistry laboratory, supported by that of clinical physics, had to assess the toxicological properties of chemicals commonly found in the workplace and to reveal the mechanisms of induction of damage to humans. In the first 30 years of activity, the Clinica del Lavoro investigated various diseases deriving from exposure to chemical agents, including saturnism, or lead intoxication, mercurialism, phosphorism, benzolism, sulfocarbonism, dust diseases. Several assays were developed and applied to measure toxicants in different biological and environmental mean as evidenced by scientific publications starting from 1920., Conclusion: In Devoto's view, industrial hygiene and toxicology were essential tools for the research and prevention of occupational diseases since the first years of activity of the Clinica del Lavoro.