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The essay reproduces the speech given at the Conference on "Burden of Proof and Fact Finding in the New Civil Trial," organized at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan on April 20, 2023. The analysis focuses on the topic of so-called defensive employer’s controls: a notion of jurisprudential elaboration aimed at subtracting - at least in part - covert controls carried out to protect 4company's assets, from the limiting discipline of "remote" controls in Article 4 of the "Workers' Statute." The brief essay is divided in two parts: the first devoted to focusing on some critical profiles of the theory of defensive controls; the second devoted to some essential evidentiary and procedural aspects.

Recensione

The imaginary plays a key role in the construction and perception of our body. For this it takes a long time: so it is necessary to reconstruct genealogies that show, for exemple, how a certain modernity has already observed some conflicts on the frontiers of the human. In the Nineteenth Century, we find two archetypal figures of bodies that are beyond the human. The creature of Dr. Victor Frankenstein was born by assembling parts of dead bodies, and taking advantage of the scientific and technological advances. Count Dracula trades with the blood of human and with the animal forms. So the Frankenstein's creature and Count Dracula have opened a reflection about the power relationships that designed their and our bodies. They show how the body is the result of an continuous crossing with the technosphere and teriosphere. The development of computers and telematics, and on this basis the emerging of the anthropo-technologies, have open an imaginary, a conceptual horizon and various practices, that have made us able to know new figures as the cyborgs, new paradigms related to the post-human, new possibilities for action on our biological life. Today the image of the body is definitely changed from the one that the humanistic tradition has released us.

By crossing a literary genre such as science fiction and by opening its borders, in the last thirty years the American novelist William Gibson has drawn a deep sociology of the future. He has created a sort of sounding for societies-to-come which highlights some strong discontinuities but also some profound continuities with modern society. In particular, apart from envisaging a mediascape in which we have found ourselves living in, his novels have reported the political centrality of the imaginary related both to technologies and commodities. His character is thus irreducibly conflictual. A conflict which, while bringing new subjectivities into play and unfolding new dimensions, remains fundamentally embodied i.e. still concerned with concrete material interests.

En el presente artículo analizamos Metalogicon, II, 20 de Juan de Salisbury en vistas de identificar su dependencia de las consideraciones de Boecio respecto a la obtención de los conceptos universales. A su vez, buscaremos subrayan las distintas especificaciones de los universales, lo que culmina en su caracterización como ficciones racionales (esto es, científicas y filosóficas) y poéticas.

En este trabajo presentamos las críticas a los maestros de la dialéctica y sus nueve opiniones sobre la naturaleza de los universales de Juan de Salisbury expuestas en Policraticus, VII, 12 y Metalogicon, II, 17-19. Luego, establecemos sus fuentes. Finalmente, analizamos la interpretación de Agamben de los universales como maneries

Las glosas no constituyen un género literario. Su denominación responde más bien a un criterio geográfico. Los marginalia no son apuntes. No tienen la complexión del apunte ni su finalidad. E. Poe dice que lo que les da valor es, precisamente, su falta de finalidad. El lector necesita descargarse del peso de un pensamiento en el preciso momento en que lee determinado pasaje. Ello, sumado a lo reducido del espacio, hace que los marginalia tengan la audacia propia de la primera intención y la justeza de la concisión. Los marginalia necesitan del texto corno pretexto para su composición y, a la vez, contexto para su inteligibilidad. Sin contexto, por cierto, los marginalia son de frágil comprensión.

En su Livre de Politiques, Nicolás de Oresme cita de forma casual dos veces el título de la obra condenada de Marsilio de Padua: “livre intitulé Defensor pacis” para comentar el texto aristotélico. Pero quince años antes, en De moneta, Oresme encuentra su teoría monetaría en el Defensor pacis. En este trabajo analizamos las funciones comunitarias que Oresme describe en De moneta en vistas de identificar la valencior eius pars.

En este trabajo analizamos dos tipos de argumentos contra el Imperio en el Tractatus de Juan de París: los primeros, “de iure” o argumentos teóricos, basados en el ‘ius divinum’ y en el ‘ius naturale’; los segundos, “de facto” o argumentos históricos basados en las crónicas y tradiciones históricas. En el primer tipo de argumentos, los Estados individuales se oponen a la Iglesia universal para excluir toda posibilidad de un Imperio como el romano. En el último tipo de argumentos, el reino se utiliza específicamente para Francia y se opone a la Iglesia universal, y por lo tanto al Papa, equiparado al emperador.

The environmental survey with the digital technology acquisition of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (= TLS) nowadays represents a rapid and precise application in many fields of science and technology. The Terrestrial Laser Scanner technology integrated with differential GPS can be used in the geomorphological, geophysics, engineering and archeological applications. This kind of technology, joined with the classical methods of the archaeological area survey, allows us to study the site of interest with reduced approximation. The TLS survey methods, in fact, let us not only a fast acquisition of data but also the possibility to take advantage of the points cloud for a lot of the final purposes, such as the three-dimensional reconstruction of the scenario and the creation of a rendering of a particular detail.

En esta nota se presentan comentarios generales respecto a los autores traducidos (Marsilio de Padua, Tomás de Aquino, Guillermo de Ockham, Dante Alighieri), sobre las ediciones críticas de los textos y, finalmente, ciertas apreciaciones respecto a las traducciones mismas.

En la presente nota se exponen y tratan una serie de argumentos propios del Tractatus de regia potestate et papali para observar la propuesta de Jean Quidort respecto al dilema medieval de la doble soberanía. Se atiende especialmente al contexto histórico y doctrinario que rodea esta obra.

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)