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Copyright of Archivio Teologico Torinese is the property of Fondazione di Culto e Religione POLO TEOLOGICO TORINESE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In his passionate and moving talk, Leonardo Boff raises the crucial problem of how to devolop a collective perception of enviromental risk and an ecological ethics in the public sphere. It is the problem known in the social sciences, after G. Hardin's phrase, as «the tragedy of the commons». Why doesn't people usually engage in protecting common goods and resources? This paper is concerned with cultural anthropology's view of the problem. I argue, on the one side, that the usual formulation of the a «tragedy of the commons» is biased by ethnocentric and utiliatarian prejudices; on the other side, that ethnography of «altruistic» practices may help to undertand the conditions of a virtuous public morality. As an example, I discuss the institution of blood donation, stressing the link between asocial altruism a and local associative relations rooted in the so-called «civil society». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to set up a dialogue between Tommaso Greco's analysis of the relationship between law and ethics starting from the experience of trust and the perspective provided by phenomenological philosophy. The paper identifies three dimensions, one epistemic-epistemological, one ontological, and one ethical-normative as the philosophical backgrounds of Greco's discourse. It is thus clarified how the rethinking of the relationship between law and ethics is further based on a revision of the fundamental concepts of reality and subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurotechnologies represent both an extraordinary opportunity for our intellectual capacities and a risk for the security, privacy, autonomy and integrity of our minds and cognitive acts. Therefore, it is very important to find legal protection for the mind and its contents, that is, to recognise as an individual and social value the integrity of cognitive processes linked, or not, to the subjectivity of the individual. If this issue has traditionally been addressed through recourse to categories such as individual private property, a new perspective could allow the mind (and its products) to be recognised as having a peculiar “status”, like the one of the Commons. In this essay, I question the elements of these Commons: The Mental Integrity and the Cognitive Liberty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Currently, in our society there is an increase in the percentage of the population over 65 years of age. Zamora is in second place in Spain with regard to this data. The number of calls made to the 112 centre in Castilla y León, with a final diagnosis of a social problem, is increasing according to the register since 2016. Although it is not an urgent medical pathology, it generates the mobilization of emergency health resources and the situation is increasing in the same way; taking into account that resources are limited, can there be an imbalance between the demand and the services offered? Is the EMU the final solution in the global management of the social problem? To analyse, in Zamora, that the increase of this population, entails an increase of final diagnoses: social problem; 2. To demonstrate that the use of the resources that currently exist for the global management of the problem is not sufficient, generates an overload of the Emergency Services and affects the sustainability of the Spanish Health System; 3. Methods: Descriptive observational study of the population over 65 years of age in Zamora who made calls to 112 in Castile and Leon and whose diagnosis was considered a social problem from January 2106 to September 2019. Results: Increase of 52 incidents with “social problem”. The frequency is higher in men than in women. More than half of the 60 EMU interventions were discharged on site. Conclusions The over-demand of emergency services may lead to the dilemma “The tragedy of the commons”, described by Garrett Hardin in 1968. Therefore, good orientation, education and training in social and health care, and the development of a plan with resources such as a multidisciplinary referral service: “Social Unit”, would increase the efficiency of care for the elderly with social problems.

Copyright of Analisi e Diritto is the property of Edizioni ETS s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among the objectives of the paper there is the need to show that the SDGS for 2030 are strongly interrelated and that, at least for water, perhaps owing to the universal character of the resource, they need to be addressed with an integrated systemic approach. For this reason, we want to highlight the cultural value of water, as this is considered a fundamental step towards sustainable development. The text presents a review of the data on the main issues related to Objective 6, with a view to providing a broad and detailed picture of this phenomenon. The aim is to provide useful elements for the reasoning that the social sciences have to perform in their role in the face of the challenges of time. Therefore, some key concepts to be implemented in sociology will be indicated, as well as some indications of method, within a theoretical framework that refers to deep Eco-humanism and to the roots of planetary cosmopolitanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moral evaluation of actions that disregard climate change, in individual as well as public ethics, is complex. A clear moral judgment itself is difficult to reach in both contexts, as we are far from paradigm moral cases where specific people provoke harm to easily identifiable others. However, for people to seriously engage in climate change mitigation, it has to be clear why it is wrong not to do so. There is therefore a need to frame moral responsibility for anti-environmental behavior using language and concepts that are understandable to a broad public. This paper will argue that the concept of selfishness, properly construed, is the most appropriate tool for describing and morally evaluating human behavior that disregards climate change. A specific consequentialist definition of selfishness will be provided to this purpose. Some objections to framing the environmental decision in this way will be raised in public as well as individual ethics. In the public sphere, moral deliberations are complicated by the conflict between the rights of the present generation and those of future ones. In individual ethics, the inconsequentiality of individual emissions calls into question the very existence of a moral imperative to act pro-environmentally. The paper will thus investigate the grounds on which we can hold accountable policy makers who refuse to take action on climate change, focusing on the concept of future discounting. With regard to the individual dimension, a proposal will be advanced on the basis of a non-superfluous causal contribution to collective-impact cases. In both contexts, the paper will eventually argue that anti-environmental actions can be defined as selfish according to the definition provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Patavina is the property of Facolta Teologica del Triveneto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The environmental sustainability is probably one of the most controversial topics of national policy agendas. The needs to combine economic growth and well-being, have forced governments to introduce tools for reducing CO2 emission and avoiding climate change. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of these measures in the 1990-2014 period for a sample of 188 countries; and to analyze the determinants of CO2 in the 2000-2014 period for a sample of 175 countries. The results suggest that i) richest countries have a GDP elasticity of CO2 greater than that of poorest countries; and ii) GDP, energy consumption, urbanization, agricultural development, tourism and depletion of natural resources are directly correlated to CO2, while forest area, alternative energy, trade openness and FDI inflows are inversely related to CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Moneta e Credito is the property of Associazione Economia Civile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regeneration and renewal are the contemporary topics for the management activities in historical areas of Shanghai. Introducing a personal experience, the author argues the main projects which have affected the historical compounds in Shanghai during the last twenty years, with particular reference to the Shikumen block (typical housing since the urban expansion in the late XIX century). The building in Shikumen style, characterized by terraced houses with high population density and inhabited by lower working classes until today, behind the name of restoration has been replaced with low population density building addressed to reach people, as gentrification strategy. Constructions are quite often rebuilt in the same style with a particular mix of invention and anastilosi or new parts in contemporary style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to avoid the so-called tragedy of commons, Ostrom proposed an alternative approach to the classical state control vs. privatization dichotomy in governing common goods; it is based on the idea that appropriators can co-operate and safeguard common goods without the control of an external institution. In this perspective, understanding which are the conditions that promote cooperation instead of individualistic behaviors is necessary. Among other variables, trust in other group members is very important in cooperative strategies; when referring to groups involved in decision-making processes, the swift trust is often mentioned: it is a form of trust occurring in temporary structures, which is mostly based on cognitive components and stereotypical expectations, it is very quick but also very fragile. In this paper, the method of Restorative Circles is presented; it is a method of group facilitating, used in USA restorative justice and in neighborhood decision-making groups. It is proposed to use Restorative Circles in the governance of common goods, in order to promote a form of trust quicker than ordinary trust, but stronger than swift trust, because it is based on a deeper knowing of other group members. Restorative Circles could be effective in promoting participation, trust among participants and between participants and local institutions, rendering commons' governance easier and more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issue of the Commons government. After analyzing the divergence of perspectives between Private Law and Constitutional Law Scholars, the author focuses on the transition of constitutionalism from the "biochemistry Era" to the "fossil Era" in order to investigate the consequences of this evolution in local democracy experiences. Only in this perspective, it is possible to identify differences and limitations of both theories (like those proposed by Ostrom and Wilson) and of the historical experiences (from the Kouroukanfouga Charter to the Constitution of Ecuador) of the Commons government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Commons are one of the most important issues within the legal and political reflection of recent years are also an interesting field of inquiry into the current transformation of the relationship between law and society, especially because they could introduce new forms of ruling. In Italy, the issue has been the subject of extensive doctrinal discussion about which face each other supporters and skeptics. Next to this lively dispute have developed various attempts at regulation of the Commons, accepted as an independent legal category at various standards: legislative, judicial and administrative. Therefore, on a purely ontological level, the attempt to define their essence is mainly oriented to the search for 'third' way between public and private, on the other hand on a legislative level has quickly established a need for legal and institutional recognition. This double track determines that the Commons undergo a relocation outside of the space and the time: firstly, because they are tangible and intangible assets; secondly, because their identification as such is not definitive but subject to their changes and, above all, to chance of the purposes and functions that it is decided to privilege. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's views on studies conducted on civic and international historiography of Italy. Various topics discussed include parliamentary level of political assets in the country, collective ownership in Middle Ages, economic sphere of the historiography and ideology of jurisprudence.

Information on Scienza, Innovazione, Istituzioni, a conference organized by the Marconi Foundation that was held in Sasso Marconi, Italy from September 15-17, 2016 is presented. Topics discussed include history of medicine, personality of people living in southern Italy and Italian psychology. The conference featured several college teachers including Maria Giulia Lugaresi, Salvatore Ricciardo and Simone Guidi.

Copyright of Sociologia del Diritto is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biomedical research boasts a very solid tradition of "open science". However in the last two decades this traditiona has been eroded by intellectual property claims. Such claims encompass fundamental discoveries from which knowledge for future products is drawn. Although patents have been regarded as means to "promote the progress of science", recent examples in biomedicine show that this is not always the case. Reiterated granting of patents not only on commercial end products but even on so called "research tools" may hinder further research, either by creating too many concurrent fragments of intellectual property rights or by increasing the transaction costs of bundling up such rights. These effects are sometimes strengthened by a deliberate policy of allowing applications for patents on the results of publicly funded research. The shortcomings of intellectual property rights can be better understood and dealt with according to the theory of the public domain, which offers a strong case for a new approach to the governance of science and knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]