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In the centenary year of Don Lorenzo Mila-ni's birth, reflection on his pedagogical legacy becomes essential, particularly with regard to the Barbiana experience. The contribution explores the vision of the school as an active and collaborative community that emerges from the Letter to a Teacher, showing how Barbiana's educational model anticipated principles of education that are still central to a democratic society today. It highlights the urgency of adapting education to social and cultural changes, reinforcing the idea of the school as a place of equality, care and mutual assistance, in line with the values promoted by the 1948 Constitution. The school of Barbiana emerges as a beacon of educational principles that are still relevant today, a formative model that promotes full active and aware citizenship, challenging the static nature of traditional di-dactics and inviting a continuous and critical renewal of the educational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]