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Il saggio indaga l'origine e il significato di una curiosa schedina in endecasillabi presente tra le carte leopardiane conservate alla Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli, che gli editori moderni usano chiamare Esercizi di memoria e di cui si fornisce qui un'originale interpretazione. Leopardi era infatti solito redigere schedine in versi preparatorie, in particolare allo Zibaldone, e si può credere che esse venissero redatte quando l'autore non aveva agio o modo di dedicarsi alla stesura del diario con la stessa assiduità che gli era concessa a Recanati. Simili operazioni potrebbero in particolare collocarsi in quei periodi in cui Leopardi soggiornava fuori casa ed era soggetto a spostamenti: gli appunti servivano probabilmente a fissare gli estremi di pensieri da sviluppare, e la forma in versi forniva all'autore un’occupazione durante i viaggi in carrozza. Viene dunque proposta l'ipotesi che Leopardi abbia potuto scrivere almeno una parte del recto del primo foglietto durante il suo soggiorno a Roma del 1822-23, quando la stesura dello Zibaldone era praticamente interrotta, per fissare delle idee da sviluppare al suo ritorno. Il saggio mira infine a ricostruire le trame che collegano libri, fatti e persone nel "labirinto di associazioni" costruito da Leopardi al momento della scrittura.

Nos mais recentes debates críticos acerca da filosofia de Platão, a doutrina da reminiscência tem suscitado um interesse comparativamente menor em relação aos outros temas tratados na obra do pensador ateniense. Grande parte dos estudiosos modernos tende a considerar a reminiscência um método de pesquisa, bem como a marginalizar a referência a dois mundos e o trânsito da alma entre eles. O que pretendo demonstrar neste artigo é que não só a teoria da reminiscência é a condição de possibilidade necessária das nossas operações cognitivas (e não um método de pesquisa), como também o é apenas e só em virtude da sua valência metafísica.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of T helper 9 (Th9) lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to identify a possible association between the percentage of Th9 and the discontinuation of a biological treatment with an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (infliximab). We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 55 consecutive RA outpatients and 10 healthy controls. Among RA patients, 15 were not receiving any immunosuppressive drug, 20 were successfully treated with infliximab and 20 discontinued infliximab because of adverse events or inefficacy and were treated with other biological agents. PBMCs were cultured with/without infliximab 50 mg/L for 18 h, and the percentage of Th9 cells was assessed by means of flow cytometry. Th9 lymphocytes were identified as interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)4-, IL17-, IL9-secreting cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T cells. Cytometric analysis revealed no significant decrease in the percentage of Th9 cells after infliximab exposure in any of the groups, although it was lower in healthy controls than RA patients either before and after the infliximab stimulation assay. Th9 cells are IL-9-secreting T helper lymphocytes whose role in RA is still poorly known. IL-9 levels are increased in RA patients, in whom this cytokine plays a crucial role. Th9 cells are the major producers of IL-9, and their prevalence is higher in RA patients than in healthy subjects; however our experiment in vitro does not demonstrate an association between Th9 lymphocytes and the response to infliximab. Further studies are required to evaluate the real involvement of Th9 population in the immunogenicity of anti-TNF agents.

Il dualismo trascendente / trascendentale come possibile chiave di lettura per una discussione del pensiero platonico.

The aetiopathogenesis and diagnosis of Martorell's supra-malleolar hypertensive ulcer are discussed in the light of 3 clinical cases. Stress is laid on the overriding need for proper general management designed to normalise the serious arterial hypertension. It is felt that raubasine vasokinetics (such as Circolene), and taurine tissue oxygenators (0-due) are useful supplementary aids, particularly when administered by slow infusion. Lumbar gangliectomy will be necessary in the case of persistently painful ulcers. Its success, however, is dependent on prior normalisation of pressure. Dermo-epidermal grafts would appear to be superfluous, while frequent topical application of trophodermic creams are apparently useless.

Stress is laid on the important role that lumbar gangliectomy has acquired among treatments of chronic arteriopathies of the lower extremities. For patients at Leriche 2nd stage and suffering from obstructions confined to the superficial femoral, no other treatment would appear to boast such high success percentages over time. General surgeons are invited to make use of this comparatively simple and certainly effective intervention, in consideration of the fact, among others, that the few vascular surgery centres in existence are not in a position to meet the flow of requests from the arteriopathics who apply to them.