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francesa. Con el fin de revelar las representaciones de juegos en este tipo de literatura infantil, este estudio analizará los "Juegos Olímpicos", serie de cuatro álbumes (Bibi Fricotin, Les Pieds Nickelés, Astérix y los Pitufos), que tuvieron mucho éxito en las generaciones del boom económico de la posguerra. Por un lado, este trabajo muestra que estos cómics, parodiando al héroe deportivo y criticando la puesta en escena Olímpica, trataron de atraer a los jóvenes que eran críticos de las prácticas de rendimiento. Por otra parte, se destaca el cambio gradual, desde los años de la posguerra a principios de 1980, a partir de una visión grotesca y humorística de los Juegos realizada por Bibi Fricotin y Pieds Nickelés a la aparición de una perspectiva más educativa y moralizante en Astérix y Los Pitufos. Abstract: The theme of the Olympics has a recurring role in French-language comic strips. In order to reveal the representations of games in this type of children's literature, the study will analyze the "Olympics" series of four albums (Bibi Fricotin, Les Pieds Nickelés, Astérix and The Smurfs), which were very successful with postwar economic boom generations. On the one hand, this work shows that these comics, parodying the sports hero and criticizing the Olympic staging, sought to attract young readers who were critical of performance practices. On the other hand, it emphasizes the gradual shift, from the postwar years to the early 1980s, from a grotesque and humorous vision of the Games delivered by Bibi Fricotin and Pieds Nickelés to the emergence of a more educational and moralizing perspective in Astérix and The Smurfs.

Los cómics son parte integral de la vida cultural de los jóvenes. Con millones de ejemplares, la serie de publicaciones Los Pitufos es mundialmente conocida. Pero, ¿qué mensajes envían estas publicaciones a la juventud? Es necesario preguntarse sobre la representación del deporte dentro de esta serie. Más aún, es importante analizar la imagen del dopaje que estas publicaciones transmiten. Este trabajo expone los resultados del estudio del famoso volumen Los Pitufos Olímpicos que, con impresionantes resultados comerciales, ve la luz en 1983, algunos meses antes del comienzo de los Juegos Olímpicos de Los Ángeles. Por un lado, interpretando los efectos cómicos explotados por este cómic, el presente artículo pone de manifiesto la existencia de una crítica generalizada del fenómeno deportivo y del Olimpismo que podría revelarse concordante con la manera en la que las jóvenes generaciones de los años 80 aprehenden las prácticas competitivas. Por otro lado, el estudio revela que este volumen logra satisfacer tanto los intentos fogosos y críticos de la impertinente juventud como las demandas institucionales simbolizadas por la censura ministerial y parental preocupada por la paz social. Dicho de otro modo, este cómic tendría el ingenioso mérito de lograr la hazaña de aniquilar esta oposición generacional enviando un discurso crítico respecto al deporte adornado de un mensaje educativo y optimista. Abstract Graphic novels are an integral part of the cultural life of the young. With millions of copies, the publication series The Smurfs is known worldwide. But what messages send these publications to the youth? It is necessary to ask on behalf of the sport representation in this series. Moreover, it is important to analyse the image of these publications regarding doping. This paper presents the results of the study of the famous volume The Smurfs Olympics, that obtained impressive business results, and published in 1983, some months before the start of the Olympic Games in Los Angeles. On the one hand, by interpreting the humorous effects exploited by this comic, this article reveals the existence of a widespread criticism of the sports and Olympism phenomenon, which could reveal its consistence with the way in which the younger generation of the 80s apprehend the competitive practices. Furthermore, the study reveals that this volume attains to satisfy both ardent critics of attempts of the impertinent youth and the institutional demands symbolized by the ministerial and parental censorship concerned about social peace. In other words, this comic would have the merit of achieving the destruction of this generational opposition by sending a critical discourse regarding sport embellished by an educational and optimistic message.

The agrarian sector has been strongly affected during the last few decades due to the liberalization of markets and the decrease in State intervention. In the case of the cultivation of sugar cane and the sugar agro-industry that have been strongly affected by these changes, different strategies have been adopted, varying from one region to another. In this research, we will study the case of Los Reyes Valley in the State of Michoacán, in which the cultivation of sugar cane has been continuous since Colonial times. However, in the nineties, the export crops of blackberry have gained terrain progressively at the expense of sugar cane, and this has caused multiple economic and social changes as well as changes in the landscapes. We will study the impact of the cultivation of blackberries in the valley and the resiliency of sugar cane in view of this new production, profitable but surely ephemeral.